Dysbiotic disorders and innate immunity indices in bacterial vaginosis


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Abstract

Bacterial vaginosis (BV ) is one of the most common causes of abnormal vaginal discharge in reproductive-aged women. Currently, BV is generally recognized to be characterized by an increased growth of obligate and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in the vagina, causing the lactobacilli to be replaced by opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms (OPMs) and the vaginal pH to rise. The microbiota of human open cavities (the urogenital, intestinal, and respiratory tracts, and skin) is believed to be a unified complex; however, the mechanisms of interaction of microorganisms of in the above niches with the host have not yet been fully studied. It is still unclear why there is an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota and why most women with BV have a very weak immune response without pronounced signs of inflammation. The representatives of OPMs are known to have mechanisms that can suppress or change the host’s immune responses, largely depending on polymorphisms in the genes of the immune system. There is evidence that genetic variations in the immune molecules play an important role in how a woman responds to changes in the composition of the vaginal microbiota. Recently, a number of researchers have supported the theory that in the absence of clinical manifestations, the vaginal microbiota characterized by the replacement of lactobacilli by OPMs can be considered normal. In addition, it is assumed that it is the host’s immune system that determines the clinical presentations and outcome of the disease; attention should be therefore paid not only to the vaginal microbiota, but also to the assessment of the local immune status of the host. Conclusion: Thus, analyzing the data available in the world literature can lead to the conclusion that female innate immunity plays an important and possibly primary role in the development of BV, which affects the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of various localizations. Genetic variations in innate immunity factors can affect how a woman responds to changes in the composition of the vaginal microbiota, regulating the course of the process and clinical outcome.

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About the authors

Ada T. Uruimagova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: ada.uruimagova@yandex.ru
postgraduate student of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology 117997, Russia, Moscow, Academician Oparin str., 4

Vera N. Prilepskaya

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: vprilepskaya@mailru
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of the Outpatient Department 117997, Russia, Moscow, Academician Oparin str., 4

Elena A. Mezhevitinova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: mejevitinova@mail.ru
PhD, Leading Researcher of the Outpatient Department 117997, Russia, Moscow, Academician Oparin str., 4

Andrey E. Donnikov

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: donnikov@dna-technology.ru
PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Methods 117997, Russia, Moscow, Academician Oparin str., 4

Jamilya I. Attoeva

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: attoevadjamilya@gmail.com
postgraduate student of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology 117997, Russia, Moscow, Academician Oparin str., 4

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