Clinical and immunological characteristics of women in labor with COVID-19 and their newborn babies

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Abstract

Objective: To characterize the course of pregnancy, immune status of women in labor with SARS-CoV-2, as well as health and immune status of their newborn babies.

Materials and methods: The study included 72 pregnant women. The main group (n=27) consisted of women in labor who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with a mild course of the disease during childbirth. The comparison group (n=45) comprised of women in labor without coronavirus infection during pregnancy and childbirth. Expression of T-cell markers CD3, CD3/CD4, CD3/CD8, CD19, CD3/CD56, CD16, CD19/CD5; as well as regulatory T (Treg) cells with the CD4+CD25+CD127low/- phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results: Predominant diseases in women infected with SARS-CoV-2 during childbirth were gastrointestinal diseases, external genital endometriosis and ovarian cysts. Spontaneous pregnancy occurred in these women. The method of delivery was determined by obstetric factors. Timing and frequency of cesarean delivery were higher in the main group. Reduction in lymphocyte subpopulations of T cells and B cells, but not NK cells and NKT cells, was in women in the main group.

In the main group, five babies were born at 246 (1.1) days [35 weeks 1 day] (p=0.006). In the comparison group, all babies were born at full term. Anthropometric parameters of newborns were comparable between the groups.

In babies born to mothers in the main group, the lower number of leukocytes, absolute content of lymphocytes, neutrophils and their phagocytic activity were found, while the values of these indicators in newborns in both groups remained within the reference values.

Conclusion: No differences were found in the course of pregnancy in puerperant women with SARS-CoV-2, and not differences were found in their babies’ anthropometric indicators and Apgar scores. The changes identified in immune status of mothers and their newborn babies were within the reference range, and cannot be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in women in labor.

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About the authors

Evgeniya V. Inviyaeva

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: e_inviyaeva@oparina4.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9878-3637

PhD (Bio), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology

Russian Federation, Moscow

Oleg V. Tysyachnyi

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: o_tysyachny@oparina4.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9282-9817

PhD, Researcher at the1st Maternity Department

Russian Federation, Moscow

Yulia A. Kosolapova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: yu_kosolapova@oparina4.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8180-3275

neonatologist, Junior Researcher at the Neonatal Department No. 2

Russian Federation, Moscow

Valentina V. Vtorushina

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: v_vtorushina@oparina4.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8406-3206

PhD, clinical laboratory diagnostics doctor at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology

Russian Federation, Moscow

Oleg R. Baev

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: o_baev@oparina4.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8572-1971

Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the 1st Maternity Department

Russian Federation, Moscow

Victor V. Zubkov

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

Email: victor.zubkov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9697-9596

Dr. Med. Sci., Director of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics, Professor at Neonatal Department of Pediatric Faculty

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Lubov V. Krechetova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: l_krechetova@oparina4.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5023-3476

Dr. Med. Sci., Head of The Laboratory of Clinical Immunology

Russian Federation, Moscow

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