IMPACT OF MATERNAL MAGNESIA THERAPY FOR PREECLAMPSIA ON THE NEWBORN

The paper deals with the determination, systematization, and study of the effects of maternal magnesia therapy (MT) for preeclampsia on the newborn. Objective. To determine, systematize, and study the effects of maternal magnesia therapy (MT) for preeclampsia on the newborn. Subject and methods. Analytical studies involved a meta-analysis and systematic reviews on the problems set. Results. MT used in preeclamptic women during labor results in fetal and neonatal hypermagnesemia. Blood magnesium concentrations in preterm neonates and newborn babies with birth asphyxia are higher than those in full-term and healthy babies. Decreased muscle tone in the newborn infants may be associated with hypermagnesemia. The blood concentrations of calcium and ionized calcium are above the normal values in the neonates with hypermagnesemia, which may be due to the release of calcium from the bone tissue into the blood. The full-term neonates and fetuses from the mothers receiving MT do not differ significantly from the control group in plasma calcium levels. The high fetal and neonatal blood concentrations of magnesium (and possibly calcium) can suppress parathyroid function in the neonatal period. Obviously, the placenta has a protective function in modulating the effects of altered maternal magnesium and calcium homeostasis on the fetal and neonatal concentrations of these minerals. Even when the magnesium level is greater than the normal physiological value, the organism attempts to regulate a bioactive ionized magnesium fraction. The investigation revealed no association between the poor outcomes in the neonatal infants and the total dose of magnesium, the duration of MT, the maternal plasma level of magnesium before childbirth and its fetal plasma level. Conclusion. An earlier meta-analysis and the results of this review may argue that maternal MT for preeclampsia caused no adverse poor physiological and clinical effects on full-term healthy newborn babies. However, MT in preterm neonates, newborn babies with intrauterine growth restriction or asphyxia may have adverse physiological and clinical effects and give rise to severe complications, which calls for further investigations.

magnesia, preeclampsia, newborn infant, hypermagnesemia, calcium, magnesium