Novel concepts in the pathogenesis and risk factors of endometriosis

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Endometriosis is one of the most important gynecological diseases in terms of medical, social and economic importance. Along with uterine fibroids and pelvic inflammatory diseases, endometriosis is one of the three most common gynecologic diseases in the Russian Federation. A review of the literature reveals that the risk of endometriosis development is associated with various factors such as early menarche, heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding, short menstrual cycle, low parity, operative delivery in the history, low body mass index, sexual activity during menstruation, decreased physical activity, pelvic inflammatory diseases, uterine anomalies, exposure to environmental factors, smoking, excessive consumption of alcohol, coffee, red meat, low vitamin D levels, polymorphism of candidate genes. Various anatomical, hormonal, immunologic, environmental, and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Conclusion: Despite the large amount of research that has been conducted, the ultimate causes of endometriosis are still unknown. The mechanisms of endometrioid foci are the subject of numerous theories, yet endometriosis remains an enigmatic disease that demands further research.

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作者简介

Tatyana Ponomareva

St. Joasaph Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital; Belgorod State National Research University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: rybaarbusova@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8533-9319

PhD student, Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines, Belgorod National Research University; obstetrician-gynecologist, Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital of St. Joasaph

俄罗斯联邦, Belgorod; Belgorod

Oksana Altukhova

St. Joasaph Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital; Belgorod State National Research University

Email: altuhova_o@bsu.edu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4674-8797

Dr. Med. Sci., Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Belgorod National Research University; Head of Gynecological Department, Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital of St. Joasaph

俄罗斯联邦, Belgorod; Belgorod

Irina Ponomarenko

Belgorod State National Research University

Email: ponomarenko_i@bsu.edu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5652-0166

Dr. Med. Sci., Associate Professor, Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines

俄罗斯联邦, Belgorod

Mikhail Churnosov

Belgorod State National Research University

Email: churnosov@bsu.edu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1254-6134

Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines

俄罗斯联邦, Belgorod

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