Vol 22, No 2 (2017)

The goal is to assess the effectiveness of the use of nutritional support in children with medulloblastoma after surgical treatment and standard radiotherapy. Material and methods. We examined and treated 80 children with cerebellar medulloblastoma, aged of from 6 to 16 years. The treatment was complete surgical removal of the tumor with subsequent chemoradiation therapy (40 children) and nutritional support in the form of isocaloric mixture Nutricomp Standard Liquid (40 children). Hematological and biochemical indices were evaluated before and after treatment for 60 days. Results. There were revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia. There was diagnosed the partial functional liver failure. As a result of liver failure and catabolic orientation of biochemical processes there was revealed the accumulation of oxidized products of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. Nutrients were found to contribute to less secondary alteration and faster tissue repair, normalize the intensity of processes of free-radical oxidation, detoxification processes and haematopoiesis, synthesis and catabolism, the intensity of metabolic reactions. Conclusion. The introduction of nutrients in the complex chemotherapy of children with cerebral medulloblastoma contributes to normal metabolism of macro- and micronutrients, as well as to processes directly linked and dependent on their concentration, less secondary alteration and faster tissue repair, normalize the intensity of processes of free-radical oxidation, detoxification processes and haematopoiesis, synthesis and catabolism, the intensity of metabolic reactions

The purpose of the study is the assessment of the effect of the correction of endothelial dysfunction on the indices of the function of vascular endothelium and hemostasis system in gastric cancer patients. There were examined 102 patients with advanced gastric cancer at the II (T1-3N1-2M0) and III (T2-4N2-3M0) clinical stage. The control group included 40 healthy subjects matched by age and gender. We evaluated the relationship degree of endothelial dysfunction and its correction results with the outcomes of the treatment after surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups - the standard of reference (55) and the additional use of means of vascular endothelial function correction (47 patients). Compared group had no significant difference in general and oncological parameters. Additional treatment included the use of the drug L-arginine at a dose of 1.0 g / day in combination with an ACE inhibitor. Statistical analysis envisaged the determination of the degree of significance of differences between groups of indices on the method of Mann-Whitney. As an boundary indication of the presence of the statistical significance there was accepted p < 0.05. There was revealed the presence of significant differences in the degree of damage (the number of circulating endothelial cells) and violations of the functional state of the vascular endothelium in patients exposed standard (main group) treatment and the use of other methods of correction of endothelial dysfunction. In the study group there was also achieved significant correction of hemostasis.

Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia is an important and challenging problem of modern medicine. One of the most modern methods of the treatment of this disease is prostatic artery embolization. This procedure is most often done through transfemoral approach. Transradial vascular access has many advantages over the transfemoral access. Our study presents a comparative analysis of the use of transradial and transfemoral approach in this type of interventions. Transradial access was used in 13 patients, and transfemoral access - in 12 patients. The success of the procedure was 100% in both groups. The total duration of the procedure, the time needed for catheterization of internal iliac and prostatic arteries and the radiation exposure were significantly lower in the transradial approach group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications between two groups. The use of the transradial access was associated with a significant reduction of the frequency and severity of the discomfort associated with the procedure. Transradial approach has numerous advantages over the transfemoral approach and may have great clinical significance.

The aim of the study was to reveal characteristics of steroid metabolism in tumor, metastases, adrenal glands (AG) and blood serum (BS) in male rats in the course of liver metastasis, as well as diagnostic signs of metastases. Material and methods. The study included 44 white male rats weighing 180-250 g. S-45 sarcoma was transplanted intrasplenically. Estrone, estradiol, free testosterone, 17-OHP, cholesterol, cortisol (in tissues and BS), DHEAS (in tissues), DHEA and ACTH (in BS) were studied by the using standard test kits for ELISA and RIA. Results. We found that the pituitary gland does not participate in liver metastatic process (low ACTH in BS). AG are assumed to play a regulatory role of steroidogenesis in tissues. Characteristics of liver metastases that not re-metastasize - non-active metastases (NAM) are: decreased cortisol in the perifocal zone (PZ) and the less estrone increase in metastases. Characteristics of metastases that re-matastasize to lungs - active metastases (AM) are: increased cortisol in PZ and the greater estrone gain in metastases. Hypo-estradiolemia and hyper-testosteronemia were diagnostic criteria for the upcoming liver metastasis; hyper-estradiolemia along with the decline of free testosterone - signs of liver metastases; hyper-cortisolemia and hypercholesterolemia are for AM in experimental liver metastasis, hypo-cortisolemia and hypocholesterolemia are signs of NAM in the liver of male rats. Conclusion. Consequently, one of the detected pathogenetic mechanisms of liver metastasis is presented by deactivation of the central pituitary regulation of steroidogenesis with regulating function passed to AG which results in steroid imbalance with accumulation of estrone in metastases and multidirectional changes in cortisol levels in PZ and BS, depending on the activity of metastases.

The article describes the history of the selection of pediatric oncology as a separate specialty, the organization of first oncological departments and the creation of the first in the USSR Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology. There is described the role of academician L.A. Durnov as the founder of oncopediatrics in the national health care