Vol 17, No 3 (2012)

The article presents the results of analysis of reported incidence of acute and chronic hepatitis С in Russian Federation. Detailed description of current epidemiological characteristics of acute and chronic hepatitis С in various Federal regions and in different age groups is provided. The authors discuss the most probable transmission routs of HCV and its genotype distribution in Russia. Critical problems of laboratory diagnosis and hepatitis С surveillance are reviewed. There is an urgent need for introduction of HCV RNA as a routine confirmatory test for acute and chronic hepatitis С as well as introduction of Viral Hepatitis Registry for HCV patients throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation.

On the base of long-term analysis ofprevalence of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and data of hantavirus infections in Apodemus mice - reservoirs ofpathogenic hantaviruses, the relation between of spatio-temporal peculiarities of prevalence of HFRS in Primorye Territory with activity of epizootic process in rodent populations during different phases of their population cycles has been established.

The article describes results of the analysis of incidence rate of hepatitis A in Russia and 29 European countries over the period 2001 to 2008. The characteristic of hepatitis A outbreaks as well as molecular genetic diversity of hepatitis A virus in Russia and Europe has been compared. The authors analyze the state of herd immunity to hepatitis A virus in population of the territories of countries mentioned above. The results of seroprevalence study of hepatitis A virus among different age groups in Moscow are presented. The critical role of hepatitis A vaccination in the system of prevention and disease control measures is emphasized.

152 cases of enteroviral meningitis in children aged 3 to 17years treated at the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Yaroslavl have been analyzed. The dominance of moderate forms of the disease with hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome has been established. The combination with other clinical forms of enteroviral infection was rare, except for reactive pancreatitis. In patients with aseptic meningitis in the acute phase of illness an imbalance of cytokine profile due to increasing the production ofproinflammatory and reduction of the protective role of anti-inflammatory cytokines took place. Despite the relatively favorable course, a high risk of developing functional and organic disorders of the nervous system in a period of convalescence maintained, which creates conditions for the revision and supplement the standard protocols of treatment programs by including in them medicines of etiotropic targeting. The authors have developed regimens and performed the analysis of clinical and immunological efficacy of drugs with antiviral and interferonogenic action - arbidol and amiksin - in the content of complex basic therapy. In addition, the results of outpatient monitoring ofconvalescents 3 months after discharge from hospital have been analyzed. These data justify the need and desirability of inclusion of etiotropic drugs in standards of the basic therapy of enteroviral meningitis in children.

Hyperactivaion of immme system is considered by most investigators as importantfactor, contributing to progression of HIV-infection and development ofAIDS. In the review modern knowledge about mechanisms and results of activation of immune system during HIV-infection are presented. HIV itself, opportunistic pathogens and components of gut microbiota, first of all, endotoxins ofgram-negative bacteria are considered as probable "activators" of immune system. High levels of endotoxin and markers of immune activation are associated with an even greater rate of progression of HIV-infection.

The significance of the problem of acute intestinal infections (AII) to date is associated with both their prevalence and high rate of adverse effects in the outcome of the disease. In modern literature there is enough information about the frequent occurrence in AII patients microbiota disorders, immune system imbalances, identifying signs of reactive changes ofpancreatic tissue and functional disorders of biliary tract, lactase deficiency, long-term disorders of functional activity of the digestive system. The data about AII as one of the factors of forming the gastrointestinal tract pathology, including irritable bowel syndrome have been accumulated.

В статье представлен жизненный и творческий путь видного отечественного эпидемиолога и бактериолога, талантливого организатора здравоохранения, замечательного педагога, доктора медицины профессора Владимира Константиновича Высоковича.