Купроптоз — особая форма регулируемой медьзависимой гибели клеток. Перспективы фармакологической коррекции при болезнях человека

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Аннотация

В 2022 году группа исследователей из Китая выявила новую, медьзависимую форму клеточной гибели, названную купроптозом, которая отличается от всех других известных типов клеточной гибели. Купроптоз инициируется связыванием ионов меди с липоилированными ферментами в цикле Кребса, что приводит к последующей агрегации белка, протеотоксическому стрессу и, в конечном счете, к гибели клеток. Медь, как важнейший эссенциальный микроэлемент, требуется для широкого спектра физиологических процессов практически во всех типах клеток. Поскольку чрезмерное накопление внутриклеточной меди может вызывать окислительный стресс и нарушать клеточную функцию, гомеостаз меди жестко регулируется. Здесь обобщены текущие знания о метаболизме меди, заболеваниях, связанных с медью, характеристиках купроптоза и механизмах, которые регулируют купроптоз. Кроме того, обсуждается значение купроптоза в патогенезе различных заболеваний, включая болезнь Вильсона, Менкеса, нейродегенеративные, раковые и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, а также обсуждается терапевтический потенциал купроптоза.

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Владимир Иванович Ващенко

Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: vladimir-vaschenko@yandex.ru

д-р биол. наук

Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6

Алексей Борисович Чухловин

НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой

Email: alexei.chukh@mail.ru
SPIN-код: 3050-7030

д-p мед. наук

Россия, Санкт-Петербург

Петр Дмитриевич Шабанов

Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова

Email: pdshabanov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1464-1127
SPIN-код: 8974-7477

д-р мед. наук, профессор

Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6

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2. Рис. 1. Транспортные пути, которые опосредуют клеточно-митохондриальный метаболизм ионов меди (c изменениями по Q.Y. Chen и соавт. [50]). ЦП — церулоплазмин; МТ — металлотионеин; CTR1 — трансмембранный переносчик ионов меди; CCS и SOD1 — шапероны меди, доставляют ионы меди в субклеточные компартменты: в митохондрии, в ядро, в ЭПР Гольджи аппарата; CCO — митохондриальный комплекс, содержащий COX17, COX11, SCO1, SCO2 — внутримитохондриальные транспортеры ионов меди; SOD1 — субъединица 1 супероксиддисмутазы; GSN — глутатион; ATOX1 — транспортер ионов Cu+ [183]

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3. Рис. 2. Основные этапы механизма элескломол-индуцированного купроптоза (c изменениями по L. Chen и соавт. [51]). ТТМ — тетратиомолибдат; FDX1 — ферредоксин; LIAS — липоилсинтаза, регулятор липоилирования белков цикла Кребса; ЛПК — митохондриальный фермент липоилирования [261]

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4. Рис. 3. Нарушения внутримитондриальных процессов при купроптозе (c изменениями по P. Zheng и соавт. [297]). FDX1 — ферредоксин 1; LA — липоевая кислота; DLAT — дигидролипоамид S-ацетилтрансфераза; LIAS — липоилсинтаза; PDH — комплекс пируватдегидрогеназы; Cyt c — цитохром С; Fe-S — железосерные белковые кластеры; CoQ — коэнзим Q; ЭТЦ — электрон-транспортная цепь

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5. Рис. 4. Схема липоилирования субъединиц комплекса пируватдегидрогеназы цикла Кребса (c изменениями по J.A. Mayr и соавт. [165]). КoA — коэнзим А; LА — липоевая кислота; SH — сероводородные связи; TPP — пирофосфат тимина

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6. Рис. 5. Схема убиквитин-протеасомной системы деградации белков (c изменениями по F. Aliabady и соавт. [14]). Уб — убиквитин; PРi — пирофосфат; Е1 — убиквитин-активирующие ферменты; Е2 — убиквитин-конъюгирующие ферменты; Е3 — убиквитинирующие лигазы

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7. Рис. 6. Структурная формула комплекса элескломол-медь

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8. Рис. 7. Терапевтические стратегии применения модуляторов купроптоза в лечении раковых заболеваний (с изменениями по X. Kang и соавт. [125]. DSF — дисульфирам; Cu — медь; CuET — Cu-диэтилдитиокарбамат

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