Vol 22, No 4 (2018)

Solving the problem of increasing the effectiveness of treatment of diseases of hard tooth tissues is an urgent task not only for the dental community of doctors, but for dentistry in general. Provision of edge tightness and high adhesive bond of copolytic material with enamel and dentin to prevent the occurrence of micro-permeability of restoration for toxic agents and subsequent inflammation of pulp is one of the most urgent problems of therapeutic dentistry. Universal microhybrid composites used for sealing all groups of teeth were created in the last century, however, a number of important problems remain unresolved until now. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological structure of the enamel and dentin of the teeth before and after using restorative sealing materials with and without sealant coating. The data obtained as a result of the research allows us to estimate from the scientific point of view the changes in the micro-morphological structure of enamel and dentin at the points of contact with the composite material, accompanied by a decrease in the microhardness of the dentine on the background of unsatisfactory oral hygiene, increased consumption of soft and carbohydrate-rich foods, salivary capacity, as well as direct exposure of microorganisms and products of their vital activity to hard dental tissues.

A research objective was studying of antibacterial efficiency of processing of root channels of teeth of Er, Cr: The YSGG laser with a wave length 2780 нм. 20 tests of contents of root channels before processing by the laser of different power have been investigated. Results of the conducted research prove antimicrobic efficiency of Er, Cr: YSGG of laser radiation at endodontic treatment.

The study of microbiological and immunological parameters of the oral cavity among children living in the industrial city of Chirchik, the total number of anaerobes, aerobes, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, the level of lysozyme and the immunoglobulin A secretion fraction of the secretory fraction (sIgA) has been studied. To address this goal, we conducted microbiological and immunological studies in 57 children living in the town of Chirchik. All these children, depending on their age, were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 included 17 children aged 6-7 years. Group 2 consisted of 25 children aged 8-12 years. The third group consisted of 15 children aged 13-15. In children aged 6-7 years, it can be noted that the total number of the optional group of microbes is higher than in anaerobic. In this case, the quantitative indicators of the lactobacillus are especially affected among the anaerobes, so their number is Lg. 2.10 ± 0.1 cfu /ml. Alarming in this group of children is the sowing of pathogenic strains of staphylococcus. The remaining groups of microbes, although there are minor changes, but they are unreliable. At children in the age of 2 and 3 group the flora of the oral cavity in many respects stands close to normal indices. Although it should be noted a significant increase in the number of streptococci, especially strains of Str. mutans and mitis. In children in the age group 6-7 years, almost all indicators show immunodeficiency, so the lysozyme titer was 14 ± 0.41 mg /%, it was normally 19.180 ± 0.60 mg/%, the index of phagocytosis was 48.4 ± 1.45% significantly lower than the control indices, the level of secretory immunoglobulin of class A (sIgA) was 1.7 ± 0.1 g/l, which is much lower than normal values. It is interesting to note that in children older than 8-12 and 13-15 years, these indicators have improved significantly, although it should be noted that their immunodeficiency has worsened, only in terms of the fraction of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). From the above, it follows: 1. According to the sanitary and hygienic and microbiological studies carried out, it is possible to state that the city of Chirchik is an ecologically unfavorable region. 2. The study of oral micro-ecology in children in Chirchik made it possible to establish that in children in the age group 6-7 years the most pronounced are dysbiotic conditions, the main feature of which is the decrease in the amount of lactobacillus, but the increase in the number of staphylococci and fungi of the genus Candida 3. When studying the local factors of oral protection in children living in Chirchik in the age aspect, it was found that immunodeficiency states are most pronounced in children of the I group. 4. The study of the state of colonization resistance of microbes in children living in the city of Chirchik established that the most pronounced violations in these issues were noted in the children of group I.

The article presents the results of the analysis of orthodontic status in 176 children 6-9 years with a removable bite in Moscow. The high prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies among children with a removable bite in Moscow (73.9 %), including anomalies in the position of the teeth (67.0%) and the ratio of dental arches (67.6 %). Significant detection of premature loss of temporary teeth (17.0 %). In the structure of anomalies of the teeth position the crowding of the teeth (45,2 %) is most represented, and among the anomalies of the ratio of dental arches - distal and excessively deep bites (respectively 46,0 % and 21 %).

We studied the prevalence and causes of dentophobia in outpatient dental care in Tashkent.It was found that 60.1 % of patients have negative and dramatically negative memories of their first visit to the dentist.The results of the questionnaire showed that the main cause of delayed visits to the dentist are fear and fright, and the main irritant at the dental reception is the expectation of pain.