Молекулярные механизмы функционирования системы «мать-плацента-плод» при ожирении и гестационном сахарном диабете
- Авторы: Евсюкова И.И1
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Учреждения:
- ФГБНУ«НИИакушерства, гинекологии ирепродуктологии им. Д.О. Отта»
- Выпуск: Том 18, № 1 (2020)
- Страницы: 11-15
- Раздел: Статьи
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113202
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2020-01-02
- ID: 113202
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Аннотация
В обзоре представлены данные литературы о влиянии совокупности гормональных и метаболических нарушений в организме женщины, страдающей ожирением и гестационным сахарным диабетом, на функционирование системы «мать-плацента-плод». Показано, что отсутствие при данной патологии циркадного ритма продукции мелатонина ведет к десинхронозу метаболических процессов, гипергликемии, гиперинсулинемии, инсулинорезистентности, гиперлептинемии, гиперлипидемии, активации свободнорадикального окисления, развитию митохондриальной и эндотелиальной дисфункции. Рассмотрены молекулярные механизмы нарушений развития плаценты, синтеза и секреции плацентарных гормонов, эндотелиальных факторов роста и цитокинов. Приведены результаты экспериментальных и клинических исследований особенностей трофической, метаболической, эндокринной и транспортной функций плаценты, лежащих в основе патофизиологических механизмов формирования у плода избыточной массы тела, гиперинсулинизма, изменения качественного состава липопротеидов высокой плотности, высокого содержания в крови свободных жирных кислот, инсулиноподобного фактора роста (IGF-1), маркеров эндотелиальной дисфункции и воспаления. Эпигенетические модификации генома плода лежат в основе нарушений морфофункционального развития мозговых структур, сердечно-сосудистой и других функциональных систем ребенка в раннем онтогенезе и программирования ожирения и метаболического синдрома в последующие годы жизни. Нормализация метаболизма на этапе планирования семьи и в процессе беременности необходима для профилактики неблагоприятных последствий для матери и ребенка.
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Об авторах
И. И Евсюкова
ФГБНУ«НИИакушерства, гинекологии ирепродуктологии им. Д.О. Отта»
Email: eevs@yandex.ru
доктор медицинских наук, профессор
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