Микробиота и мелатонин в системе «мать-плацента-плод»


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Аннотация

В обзоре представлены данные литературы, раскрывающие механизм взаимного влияния микробиоты и мелатонина в единой системе «мать-плацента-плод». Показано многообразие выполняемых микробиотой функций, обеспеченных наличием коммуникаций между различными бактериальными экосистемами, их сбалансированным взаимодействием, а также ключевой ролью мелатонина в сохранении гомеостаза организма через контроль состава и жизнедеятельности микробиома. Существование циркадного ритма внутри комменсальных бактерий является ответом на эндокринный сигнал - мелатонин, который регулируется циркадными часами хозяина. Приведены результаты экспериментальных и клинических исследований, свидетельствующие об изменении в процессе беременности состава кишечной, плацентарной и вагинальной микробиоты. Закономерность перестройки состава микробиома определяется значительным возрастанием у здоровой беременной женщины продукции мелатонина, что подтверждает его ключевую роль в сохранении гомеостаза организма через контроль состава и жизнедеятельности микробиома, а также в создании оптимальных условий для благоприятного исхода беременности для матери и плода. При нарушении циркадной продукции мелатонина у беременной наблюдается дисбиоз микробиоты и развитие осложнений в единой системе «мать-плацента-плод». Прогнозирование и профилактика этих нарушений заключается в применении данным пациентам на этапе планирования семьи превентивной терапии с использованием мелатонина.

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Инна Ивановна Евсюкова

ФГБНУ«НИИ акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии им. Д.О. Отта»

Email: eevs@yandex.ru
ведущий научный сотрудник отделения физиологии и патологии новорожденных., доктор медицинских наук, профессор

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