Impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus on the urinary bladder

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Abstract

Introduction. There are publications about the impact of a new coronavirus infection (COVID) on the lower urinary tract, including the development of overactive bladder (OAB) or COVID-associated cystitis. The cause of dysuria in patients with COVID is not fully understood.

Material and methods. A total of 14 consecutive patients after COVID with complaints of frequent urination with urgency were included in the study. The main inclusion criterion was the development or worsening of OAB symptoms after resolution of COVID, confirmed by the eradication of SARS-CoV-2 by a polymerase chain reaction. The severity of OAB was assessed using the International Scale of Symptoms (Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, OABSS).

Results. Three (21.4%) out of fourteen patients had OAB symptoms prior to COVID, while in 11 (78.6%) patients OAB symptoms developed in post-COVID period. In 4 patients (28.6% of the entire cohort and 36.4% of patients in de novo group) urge urinary incontinence and urgency developed. The average score on the OABSS scale in patients with baseline OAB was 6.7±0.8, which corresponded to the moderate severity. In this group, one patient developed urge urinary incontinence and urgency, which were not present prior to COVID. In a retrospective evaluation of symptoms before the COVID, their average score on the OABSS scale was 5.2 ± 0.7, i.e., past COVID led to an increase in OAB symptoms by 1.5 points.

In patients with OAB de novo, the symptoms were less pronounced, with a score of 5.1±0.6 points, that is between mild and moderate OAB. At the same time, urinalysis in 9 patients did not have signs of inflammation: in 5 cases, 5–7 white blood cells per field of view was seen only once. A follow-up urine test was normal, suggesting contamination. None of the cases revealed bacteriuria over 102 CFU/ml.

All patients were prescribed trospium chloride at a dose of 30 mg per day. The choice of the drug was due to the absence of a negative effect on the central nervous system, which is very important both during COVID and in post-COVID period, since the neurotoxicity of SARS-CoV-2 has been proven.

Conclusion. A past history of COVID led to an increase in OAB symptoms by 1.5 points in patients who had OAB prior to infection. In 11 patients, after the treatment of COVID, the moderate symptoms of OAB developed de novo.

Our small study showed the importance of focusing the attention of internists and infectious disease doctors on urination disorders in patients with COVID and timely referral to a urologist. For the treatment of post-COVID OAB, trospium chloride is the drug of choice, as it does not aggravate the potential neurotoxicity of SARS-CoV-2.

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About the authors

E. V. Kulchavenya

GBOU VPO Novosibirsk State Medical University of Ministry of Health of Russia; Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Medical Center “Avicenna”

Author for correspondence.
Email: urotub@yandex.ru

Ph.D., MD, professor, professor at Department of Tuberculosis, professor at the Department of Urology, Scientific Chief 

Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Nizhny Novgorod; Novosibirsk

S. Yu. Shevchenko

GBU NO «City policlinic №26»

Email: urotub@yandex.ru

Ph.D., urologist

Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

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