Regnerative technologies in reconstructive operations on the urethra: a review. Part 1

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Abstract

Reconstructive urology remains one of the most complex and dynamic sections of modern urology, where a large proportion of surgical interventions are performed on the urethra. The most common causes of urethra stricture are iatrogenic damages, injuries and infections. Despite the successes achieved, reconstructive operations on the urethra (uretroplasty) remain one of the most difficult and unsolved urological problems. The use of regenerative technologies in medicine, in our opinion, is the most promising area that can improve the results of reconstructive interventions on the urethra by reducing the risk of fibrosis formation and stimulation of neoangiogenesis. The application of tissue engineering presents the possibility of creating organospecific transplants, which can have great potential in the case of augmentation and replacement urethroplasty. Biodegradable natural bioimplants are preferred. This review identifies limitations and challenges in reconstructive urology and discusses relevant advances in tissue engineering in urethra regeneration. The first part of the literature review presents data on the use of regenerative technologies in medicine, the potential of biomaterials and cell therapy in urethroplasty and discusses experimental models. However, a number of unresolved issues limit the application of these technologies to clinical practice, which requires further research in this direction.

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About the authors

V. N. Pavlov

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: pavlov@bashgmu.ru

rector, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Urology with the course Institute of Additional Professional Education of BSMU

Russian Federation, Ufa

R. А. Kazikhinurov

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: royuro@mail.ru

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Urology with the course Institute of Additional Professional Education of BSMU

Russian Federation, Ufa

А. А. Kazikhinurov

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: alberturo@mail.ru

MD, Professor of the Department of Urology with the course of the Institute of Additional Professional Education of BSMU

Russian Federation, Ufa

R.I. I. Guspanov

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: doctorren@mail.ru

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Urology and Andrology of the Medical Faculty

Russian Federation, Moscow

B. I. Shamsov

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: bedilshamsov@mail.ru

postgraduate student of the Department of Urology with the course Institute of Additional Professional Education 

Russian Federation, Ufa

A. G. Vardikian

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: a@urologufa.ru

postgraduate student of the Department of Urology with the course Institute of Additional Professional Education

Russian Federation, Ufa

R. R. Kazikhinurov

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: raduro@mail.ru

resident of the Department of Oncology with the course of Oncology and pathological anatomy 

Russian Federation, Ufa

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2. Fig. 1. Biomaterials used in reconstructive surgeries on the urethra

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3. Fig. 2. Sources of cells during reconstructive surgeries on the urethra iPSCs – induced pluripotent stem cells; ESC - embryonic stem cells; SMCs – smooth muscle cells; PTC – proximal tubular cells; EC – epithelial cells; BM MSCs – bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; MSC – mesenchymal stem cells

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