The role of the androgen receptor, testosterone and related factors in the development of urolithiasis

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Abstract

Urolithiasis is a polyethylological metabolic disease characterized by the formation of concrements in the kidneys. The study of trends in the prevalence of urolithiasis is of fundamental importance in practical medicine.

The incidence of nephrolithiasis is increasing worldwide. About 13% of men face urolithiasis in the course of life which is 3 times higher than in women. These data suggest that sex hormones may play an important role in the development of nephrolithiasis. It has been found that plasma oxalate concentration, urinary excretion of oxalate and calcium oxalate deposition in the kidneys can be increased by androgens and decreased by estrogens. It can reasonably be assumed that this is related to different testosterone concentrations. About 80% of the stones consist of calcium oxalate with variable amounts of calcium phosphate. Androgen receptor levels in the kidneys and plasma androgen levels in patients with nephrolithiasis have been reported to be significantly elevated.

The androgen receptor is a member of the steroid hormone receptor family and plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of various tissues and organs. Androgen receptor ligands are circulating testosterone and locally synthesized dihydrotestosterone. This knowledge may form the basis of new studies of urolitiasis and improve the understanding of the processes of kidney calculi formation.

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About the authors

V. V. Sergeev

Regional Clinical Hospital № 2

Email: Sergeev_vladimir888@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4625-9689

Cand.Med.Sci., Head of Urology Unit № 1

Russian Federation, Krasnodar

V. N. Pavlov

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: Sergeev_vladimir888@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2125-4897

Dr.Med.Sci, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Urology with IAPE course, Rector

Russian Federation, Ufa

V. L. Medvedev

Kuban State Medical University

Email: Sergeev_vladimir888@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8335-2578

Dr.Med.Sci., Professor, Head of the Urology Department

Russian Federation, Krasnodar

V. V. Churbakov

Regional Clinical Hospital № 2

Author for correspondence.
Email: Sergeev_vladimir888@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6442-6161

Urologist, Urology Unit 

Russian Federation, Krasnodar

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