Testicular involvement in pediatric lymphoid tumors: a review of the literature and a series of clinical observations

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Abstract

Lymphoid tumors with testicular involvement in childhood are rare and heterogeneous. The disease may manifest with uni- or bilateral scrotal enlargement. Comprehensive examination includes evaluation of all lymph nodes involvement, as well as ultrasound examination, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. A diagnosis is made on basis of morphological and immunohistochemical verification. Determination of lymphoid tumor variant and stage, is recommended to perform chemotherapy according to prognostic risk group, and, in some cases, transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is required as consolidation therapy.

We present three rare clinical cases of follicular lymphoma with testicular involvement, T-lymphoblastiс progenitor cell lymphoma, and B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapse. Different schemes of chemotherapy, combined with orchiectomy (in 2 of 3 cases) resulted in prolonged complete remission. In the first case, due to treatment-refractory B-lineage ALL, the disease was incurable.

Our data on clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and therapeutic features of lymphoid tumors with testicular involvement make it necessary to form multidisciplinary teams, including pediatric urologists, hematologic oncologists and surgeons for timely diagnosis and successful treatment.

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About the authors

M. S. Korneeva

N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: margokorneeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9805-9972

Hematologist at the Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (Chemotherapy of Hemoblastosis) No. 2 of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Russian Federation, Moscow

N. A. Batmanova

N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: batmanova_nataly@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3005-2085

Ph.D., Head of the Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (Chemotherapy of Hemoblastosis) No. 2 of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Russian Federation, Moscow

T. R. Panferova

N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: tizmailova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2240-069X

Ph.D., Senior Researcher of the Department of Radiology of the Department of Radiation Methods for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumors of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Russian Federation, Moscow

T. T. Valiev

N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: timurvaliev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1469-2365

Ph.D., MD, Head of the Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (Chemotherapy of Hemoblastosis) No. 1 of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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1. JATS XML
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2. Fig. 1. Appearance of the affected scrotum in relapsed B-lineage OLL

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3. Fig. 2. Ultrasound. Longitudinal scan of the right testis. Increased size, inhomogeneous decrease in echogenicity

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4. Fig. 3. Ultrasound. Thickening, unclear contours of the body of the right testicular appendage (marked with cursor)

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5. Fig 4. Longitudinal ultrasound scan of the right testis with CDC. Significant enhancement of the vascular pattern

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6. Fig 5. Transverse ultrasound scan of the right testis with CCC. Enhanced vascular pattern

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