NON-GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS IN MEN


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

This literature review is dedicated to urethritis which is one of the most common disorders of urogenital tract in men. The current views in its etiology as well as problems in diagnosis with the main being the frequent inability to isolate etiological factor of inflammation it the urethra are described. The analysis of literature suggests a possible role of bacteria, which are associated with bacterial vaginosis in women, in the development of the urethritis in men. However, the frequency of such urethritis and causative role of specific pathogens has not been studied yet. Meanwhile, the exact determination of the causes of inflammation has direct influence on the choice of appropriate etiologic treatment and can increase its efficiency.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

D. G Kim

GBUZ Moscow Scientific Practical Center of Dermatology, Venerology and Cosmetology of the Moscow Healthcare Department

Email: kdg13@yandex.ru
Head of the Center of viral diseases of skin and mucous membranes Moscow, Russia

M. A Gomberg

GBUZ Moscow Scientific Practical Center of Dermatology, Venerology and Cosmetology of the Moscow Healthcare Department

Email: magomberg@mail.ru
MD, professor, chief researcher Moscow, Russia

A. E Gushchin

FBUN Central Scientific and Research Institute of Epidemiology of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: aguschin1965@mail.ru
Ph.D. in Biology, Head of the Laboratory of the Molecular diagnostics and Epidemiology of Reproductive Organ Infection Moscow, Russia

A. V Zaycev

A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of Minzdrav of Russia

Email: zaitcevandrew@mail.ru
MD, professor at the Department of urology Moscow, Russia

References

  1. Farhat W., McLorie G. Urethral syndrome in children. Pediatr Rev. 2001;22(1):17-21.
  2. Кисина В.И., Сидурский С.В., Фаттяхетдинов Р.Ш., и др. Сравнительная эффективность лечения негонококкового уретрита у мужчин с помощью генетического и оригинального азитромицина. Клиническая дерматология и венерология. 2008;5:64-68.
  3. Liedberg H. Catheter induced urethrai infiammatory reaction and urinary tract infection. An experimental and clinical study. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1989;124:1-43.
  4. Okeke LI. Soap induced urethral pain in boys. West Afr J Med. 2004;23: 48-49.
  5. Ильин И.И. Негонококковые уретриты у мужчин. М.: Медицинска якнига. 2005;85 с.
  6. Horner P. The Etiology of Acute Nongonococcal Urethritis-The Enigma of Idiopathic Urethritis? Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2011;38:187-189. doi: 10.1097/0LQ.0b013e318207c2eb.
  7. Кисина В.И., Ширшова Е.В., Забиров К.И. Современные подходы к диагностике и лечению негонококковых уретритов. Consiiium medicum. 2005;26-30.
  8. Aral S.O., Holmes K.K. Social and behavioral determinants of the epidemiology of STDs: industrialized and developing countries. In: Holmes K.K., Sparling P.F., Mardh P.-A., et ai., eds. Sexually transmitted diseases. 3rded. New York. McGrow-Hiii. 1999:39-76.
  9. Terris M.K., Kemper M., Sajadi K.P. Urethritis. Medscape 2018 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://emedicine.medscape.com/ articie/438091-overview#a6 Доступ для зарегистрированных пользователей (дата обращения 19.04.2019).
  10. Гомберг М.А., Соловьев А.М., Ковалык В.П. Негонококковые уретриты у мужчин: этиология и обоснование этиотропной терапии. Леч. врач. 2006;7:26-31.
  11. Bradshaw C.S., Tabrizi S.N., Read T.R., et al. Etioiogies of nongonococcaiurethritis: bacteria, viruses, and the association with orogenitai exposure. J. Infect. Dis. 2006;193:336-345.
  12. Shahmanesh M., Moi H., Lassau F. et. al. European guideiine on the management of maie non-gonococcai urethritis.Int J STD AIDS. 2009;20(7):458-464. doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009143.
  13. Bartoletti R., Wagenlehner F.M., Bjerklund Johansen T.E., et. al. Management of Urethritis: Is It Stiii the Time for Empiricai Antibiotic Treatments? EurUroi Focus. 2019;5(1):29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.10.006.
  14. Ito S., Yasuda M., Seike K., et. al. Ciinicai and microbioiogicai outcomes in treatment of men with non-gonococcai urethritis with a 100-mg twice-daiiy dose regimen of sitafioxacin. J Infect Chemother. 2012;18(3):414-418. doi: 10.1007/s10156-012-0392-9.
  15. Bachir B.G., Jarvi K. Infectious, inflammatory, and immunoiogic conditions resuiting in maie infertiiity. Uroi Ciin North Am. 2014;41(1):67-81.doi: 10.1016/j.uci.2013.08.008.
  16. Kamwendo F., Johansson E., Moi H., et al. Gonorrhoea, genitai chiamydiai infection, and nonspecific urethritis in maie partners of women hospitaiised and treated for acute peivic infiammatory disease. Sex Transm Dis. 1993;20:143-146.
  17. Paavonen J., Eggert-Kruse W. Chiamydia trachomatis: impact on human reproduction. Hum Reprod Update.1999;5(5):433-447.
  18. Simms I., Stephenson J.M. Peivic inflammatory disease epidemioiogy:What do we know and what do we need to know? Sex Transm Infect. 2000; 76:80-87.
  19. Gérard H.C., Wang Z., Wang G.F., et al. Chromosomai DNA from a variety of bacteriai species is present in synoviai tissue from patients with various forms of arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(7):1689-1697.
  20. Newbern E.C., Anschuetz G.L., Eberhart M.G., et al. Adoiescent sexuaiiy transmitted infections and risk for subsequent HIV. Am J Pubiic Heaith. 2013;103:1874-1881. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301463.
  21. Horner P.J., Blee K., Falk L., et al. European guideiine on the management of non-gonococcai urethritis. Int J STD AIDS. 2016;27(11):928-937. doi: 10.1177/0956462416648585.
  22. Gaydos C., Maldeis N.E., Hardick A., et al. Mycopiasma genitaiium comparedto chiamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomonas as an aetioiogicai agent of urethritis in men attending STD ciinics. Sexuaiiy Transmitted Infections 2009;85:438-440. doi: 10.1136/sti.2008.035477.
  23. Schwebke J.R., Rompalo A., Taylor S., et al. Re-evaiuating the treatment of nongonococcai urethritis: emphasizing emerging pathogens--a randomized ciinicai triai. Ciinicai Infectious Diseases. 2011;52:163-170. Doi: 10.1093/ cid/ciq074.
  24. Manhart L.E., Gillespie C.W., Lowens M.S., et al. Standard Treatment Regimens forNongonococcai Urethritis Have Simiiar but Deciining Cure Rates: A Randomized ControiiedTriai. Ciinicai Infectious Diseases. 2013;56:934-942. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis1022.
  25. Taylor-Robinson D., Horner P.J. The roie of Mycopiasma genitaiiumin non-gonococcai urethritis. Sexuaiiy Transmitted Infections. 2001;77:229-231.
  26. Manhas A., Sethi S., Sharma M., et al. Association of genitai mycopiasmas inciudingMycopiasmagenitaiium in HIV infected men with nongonococcai urethritis attending STD & HIV ciinics. Indian Journai of Medicai Research. 2009;129:305-310.
  27. Horner P.J., Taylor-Robinson D. Association of Mycopiasma genitaiiumwith baianoposthitis in men with non-gonococcai urethritis. Sexuaiiy Transmitted Infections. 2010;87:3.
  28. Pond M.J., Nori A.V., Witney A.A., et al. High Prevaience of Antibiotic-Resistant Mycopiasma genitaiiumin Nongonococcai Urethritis: The Need for Routine Testing and the Inadequacy of Current Treatment 0ptions. Ciinicai Infectious Diseases. 2014;58:631-637. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit752.
  29. Gaydos C.A., Barnes M.R., Quinn N., et al. Trichomonas vaginaiis infection in men who submit seif-coiiected peniie swabs after internet recruitment. Sex Transm Infect. 2013;89:504-508. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2012-050946.
  30. Sena A.C., Bachmann L.H., Hobbs M.M. Persistent and recurrent Trichomonas vaginaiis infections: epidemioiogy, treatment and management considerations. Expert Rev AntiInfect Ther. 2014;12:673- 685. doi: 10.1586/14787210.2014.887440.
  31. Pellrud H., Golparian D., Nilsson C.S., et al. Trichomonas vaginaiis infections are rare among young patients attending an STI ciinic in Sweden. Acta Derm Venereoi. 2015;95:343-344. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1946.
  32. Wetmore C.M., Manhart L.E., Lowens M.S., et al. Demographic, Behaviorai, and Ciinicai Characteristics of Men With Nongonococcai Urethritis Differ by Etioiogy: A Case-Comparison Study. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(3):180- 186. doi: 10.1097/0LQ.0b013e3182040de9.
  33. Frolund M., Lidbrink P., Wikstrom A., et al. Urethritis-associated Pathogens in Urine from Men with Nongonococcai Urethritis: A Case-controi Study. Acta Derm Venereoi. 2016;96(5):689-694.
  34. Srugo I., Steinberg J., Madeb R., et al. Agents of non-gonococcai urethritisin maies attending an Israeii ciinic for sexuaiiy transmitted diseases. Isr Med Assoc J. 2003;5:24-27.
  35. Bradshaw C.S., Tabrizi S.N., Read T.R., et al. Etioiogies of nongonococcaiurethritis: bacteria, viruses, and the association with orogenitai exposure. J. Infect. Dis. 2006;193:336-345.
  36. Martin D.H., Bowie W.R., et al. Sexuaiiy Transmitted Diseases, 3rd ed. NewYork: Mc Graw-Hiii. 1999:833-844.
  37. Tabrizi S.N., Ling A.E., Bradshaw C.S., et al. Human adenoviruses types associated with non-gonococcai urethritis. Sex Heaith. 2007;4(1):41-44.
  38. Bachmann L.H., Manhart L.E., Martin D.H,. et al. Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Maie Urethritis Ciin Infect Dis. 2015;61(8):763-769. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ755.
  39. Zhang N., Wang R., Li X., et al. Are Ureaplasma spp. a cause nongonococcal urethritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014:9:113771. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113771.
  40. Shimada Y., Ito S., Mizutani K., et al. Bacterial loads of Ureaplasmaurealyticumcontribute to development of urethritis in men. Int J STDAIDS. 2014;25:294-298. doi: 10.1177/0956462413504556.
  41. Strauss M., Colodner R., Sagas D., et al. Detection of Ureaplasmaspecies by a semi-quantitative PCR test in urine samples: Can it predict clinical significance? Isr Med Assoc J 2018;1:9-13.
  42. Hall G.D., Washington J.A. Hae mophilusin fluenzae in genitourinary tract infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.1983;1:65-70.
  43. Sturm A.W. Haemophilusinfluenzae and Haemophilusparainfluenzae in nongonococcal urethritis. J Infect Dis. 1986;153:165-167.
  44. Wilson A.P., Wolff J., Atia W. Acute urethritis due to Neisseriameningitidis group A acquired by orogenital contact: casereport. Genitourin Med. 1989;65:122-123.
  45. Hagman M., Forslin L., Moi H., et al. Neisseria meningitides in specimens from urogenital sites. Is increased awareness necessary? Sex Transm Dis. 1991;18:228-232.
  46. Smith G.L. Branhamellacatarrhalis infection imitating gonorrhea in a man. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1277.
  47. Abdolrasouli A., Amin A., Baharsefat M., et al. Moraxella catarrhalis associated with acuteurethritis imitating gonorrhoea acquired by oralgenital contact. Int J STD AIDS. 2007;18:579-580.
  48. Noble R.C. Colonisation of the urethra with Streptococcuspneumoniae: a case report. Genitourin Med. 1985;61:345-346.
  49. Koroglu M., Yakupogullari Y., Aydogan F. A case of urethritis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34: 1040.
  50. Berntsson M., Lowhagen G.B., Bergstrom T., et al. Viral and bacterial aetiologies of male urethritis: findings of a high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus. International Journal of STD& AIDS. 2010;21:191-194. doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009262.
  51. Meingassner J.G., Heyworth P.G. Intestinal and urogenital flagellates. Antibiot Chemother (1971). 1981;30:163-202.
  52. Licea Ventura M.G., Sanchez Munoz F., Zurita Alvarez J.E., Salazar Acosta C. Presence of Entamoeba histolytica in chronic urethritis. Aten Primaria. 2005;35(5):269.
  53. Moi H., Haugstvedt A., Jensen J.S. Management of non-gonococcal urethritis.BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:294. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1043-4.
  54. Allsworth J.E. Bacterial vaginosis-race and sexual transmission: issues of causation. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37(3):137-139. Doi: 10.1097/ OLQ.0b013e3181d36bdc.
  55. Chico R.M., Mayaud P., Ariti C., et al. Prevalence of malaria and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. JAMA. 2012;307(19):2079-2086. Doi: 10.1001/ jama.2012.3428.
  56. Bradshaw C.S., Walker J., Fairley C.K., et al. Prevalent and incident bacterial vaginosis are associated with sexual and contraceptive behaviours in young Australian women. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57688. Doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0057688.
  57. Hiller S.L., Nugent R.P., Eschenbach D.A., et al. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The vaginal infection and prematurity study Group. N. Eng. J. Med. 1995;333(26):1737-1742.
  58. Oakeshott P., Hay P., Hay S., et al. Association between bacterial vaginosis or chlamydial infection and miscarriage before 16 weeks’ gestation: prospective community based cohort study. BMJ. 2002;325(7376):1334.
  59. Leitich H., Kiss H. Asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and intermediate flora as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;21(3):375-390. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.12.005.
  60. Nelson D.E., Dong Q., Pol B.V.D., et al. Bacterial communities of the Coronal Sulcus and Distal Urethra of adolescent males. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36298. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036298.
  61. Muzny C.A., Schwebke J.R. Suspected heterosexual transmission of bacterial vaginosis without seminal fluid exposure. Sex Transm Dis. 2014;41:58-60. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000057.
  62. Liu C.M., Hungate B.A., Toblan A.A.R., et al. Penile microbiota and female partner bacterial vaginosis in Rakai, Uganda. M Bio. 2015;6(3):e00589-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00589-15.
  63. Zozaya M., Ferris M.J., Siren J.D., et al. Microbiome. 2016;4:16. doi: 10.1186/s40168-016-0161-6.
  64. BumpR.C., Buesching W.J. 3rd. Bacterial vaginosis in virginal and sexually active adolescent females: evidence against exclusive sexual transmission. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158(4):935-939.
  65. Yen S., Shafer M.A., Moncada J., et al. Bacterial vaginosis in sexually experienced and non-sexually experienced young women entering the military. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(5 Pt 1):927-933.
  66. Vaca M., Guadalupe I., Erazo S., et al. High prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in adolescent girls in a tropical area of Ecuador. BJOG. 2010;117(2):225-228.doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02397.x.
  67. Ivanov Y.B. Microbiological features of persistent nonspecific urethritis in men. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection. 2007;40: 157-161.
  68. Muli F., Struthers J.K. Use of a continuous-culture biofilm system to study the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42:1428-1432.
  69. Patterson J.L., Girerd P.H., Karjane N.W., et al. Effect ofbiofilm phenotype on resistance of Gardnerella vaginalis to hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197:170 e1-7.
  70. Saunders S., Bocking A., Challis J,. et al. Effect of Lactobacillus challenge on Gardnerella vaginalis biofilms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2007;55(2):138-142.
  71. Swidsinski A., Doerffel Y., Loening-Baucke V., et al. Gardnerella biofilm involves females and males and is transmitted sexually. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2010;70:256-263. doi: 10.1159/000314015.
  72. Horner P.J., Thomas B., Gilroy C.B., et al. Do all men attending departments of genitourinary medicine need to be screened for non-gonococcal urethritis? Int J STD AIDS. 2002;13(10):667-673.
  73. Leung A., Eastick K., Haddon L.E., et al. Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with symptomatic urethritis. Int J STD AIDS. 2006;17(5):285- 288. doi: 10.1258/095646206776790231.
  74. Lautenschlager S., Eichmann A. Urethritis: an underestimated clinical variant of genital herpes in men? Jam Acad Dermatol. 2002;46(2):307-308.
  75. Лопаткин Н.А. (редакц.)Урология. Национальное руководство 2009 ISBN: 978-5-9704-0983-1. Издательство: ГЭОТАР-Медиа. С. 375.
  76. Swartz S.L., Kraus S.J., Herrmann K.L., et al. Diagnosis and etiology of nongonococcal urethritis. J Infect Dis. 1978;138(4):445-454.
  77. Janier M., Lassau F., Casin I., et al. Male urethritis with and without discharge: a clinical and microbiological study. Sex Transm Dis. 1995;22(4):244-252.
  78. Horner P.J., Taylor-Robinson D. Mycoplasma genitalium and nongonococcal urethritis. Lancet. 1994;343(8900):790-791.
  79. Ito S., Hanaoka N., Shimuta K., et. al. Male non-gonococcal urethritis: From microbiological etiologies to demographic and clinical featuresInternational Journal of Urology. 2016;23:325-331.
  80. Smith R., Copas A.J., Prince M., et al. Poor sensitivity and consistency of microscopy in the diagnosis of low grade non-gonococcal urethritis. Sex TransmInfect. 2003;79(6):487-490.
  81. Желтикова Я.Д., Кондратьева Ю.С., Неймарк А.И. Возможности использования пелоидотерапии при хронических негонококковых уретритах у мужчин. Сетевое издание «Медицина и образование в Сибири». 2014;2. [Электронный ресурс].URL: http://ngmu.ru/cozo/ mos/article/text_full.php?id=1303 (дата обращения:05.06.2019).
  82. Tully J.G., Taylor-Robinson D., Cole R.M., et al. A newly discovered mycoplasma in the human urogenital tract. Lancet. 1981;1(8233): 1288-1291.
  83. Lau C.Y., Qureshi A.K. Azithromycin versus doxycycline for genital chlamydial infections: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sex Transm Dis. 2002;29(9):497-502.
  84. Fredricks D.N., Fiedler T.L., Marrazzo J.M. Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. N Engl J Med. 2005;353: 1899-1911.
  85. Lamont R.F., Sobel J.D., Akins R.A., et al. The vaginal microbiome: New information about genital tract flora using molecular based techniques. Br J ObstetrGynecol. 2011;118:533-549. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02840.x.
  86. Schwebke J., Muzny C., Josey W. Role of Gardnerella vaginalis in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual model. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(3):338-343. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu089.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies