Destruction of the protein matrix of kidney stones by solutions of non-toxic complexons with surfactant properties

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Aim. To investigate the effects of solutions composed of molecules with both chelating and surfactant properties on kidney stones.

Materials and Methods. Kidney stones and their fragments were obtained during ureteroscopy and retrograde intrarenal surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and stone extraction from the kidney performed in patients with urolithiasis. For the experiment, a solution was prepared based on a composition of iminodiacetate derivatives of fatty acid glycerides and iminodiacetate derivatives of polysaccharides. Stones of known mass were processed with this solution, dried, and examined using X-ray diffraction analysis. Qualitative protein analysis (biuret test) was performed on the solution and washout fluid.

Results. Struvite stones (MgNH4PO4(H2O)6) swelled in the solution and disintegrated into small fragments. Proteins and phosphate ions were detected in the prepared solution. Stones composed of crystalline uric acid or its hydrate, as well as hydrated calcium oxalates (whewellite and weddellite), also swelled, with occasional changes in surface structure and color. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a decrease in the amorphous, presumably protein, component and changes in the relative proportions of crystallohydrates. The presumed mechanism of stone destruction was leaching of the amorphous protein binder between crystalline grains, together with alterations in the crystalline phases.

Conclusion. Complexons with emulsifying properties from the prepared solution penetrate the protein matrix of kidney stones and, together with enhanced water diffusion, cause partial protein extraction, swelling of amorphous and some crystalline phases, and subsequent stone disintegration. These findings highlight the potential of such hybrid compounds for the development of novel methods of treating urolithiasis and warrant further investigation.

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Sobre autores

Armais Kamalov

FGBOU VO Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: armais.kamalov@rambler.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4251-7545

M.D., Dr. Sc. (Med.), Full Prof., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Director, University Clinic, Medical Scientific and Educational Institute, Head, Dept. of Urology and Andrology, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Medical Scientific and Educational Institute

Rússia, 119192, Moscow, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 27, bld. 10

Olga Nesterova

FGBOU VO Lomonosov Moscow State University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: oy.nesterova@gmail.com
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3355-4547

M.D., Cand. Sc. (Med.), Urologist, Senior Researcher, Urology and Andrology Unit, University Clinic, Medical Scientific and Educational Institute, Senior Lecturer of the Dept. of Urology and Andrology, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Medical Scientific and Educational Institute

Rússia, 119192, Moscow, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 27, bld. 10

Aslan Tsivadze

A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tsiv@phyche.ac.ru

Dr. Sc. (Chemical), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Supervisor, Chief Scientific Researcher

Rússia, 119071, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 31, bld. 4

Alexander Fridman

A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: fridman42@mail.ru

Dr. Sc. (Chemical), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lead Engineer

Rússia, 119071, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 31, bld. 4

Andrey Shiryaev

A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: shiryaev@phyche.ac.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2467-825X

Dr. Sc. (Chemical), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leading Researcher

Rússia, 119071, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 31, bld. 4

Alexander Novikov

A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: novikov.a.k.49@gmail.com

Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Researcher

Rússia, 119071, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 31, bld. 4

Alexander Panferov

Medassist Medical Center, Medscan Group

Email: panferov-uro@yandex.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8258-3454

M.D., Cand. Sc. (Med), Urologist, Head of the Urology Center

Rússia, 305000, Kursk, Dimitrov str., 16

Vitaly Yastrebov

Medassist Medical Center, Medscan Group

Email: yastrebov.vetaly@yandex.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1388-4194

Urologist at the Urology Center

Rússia, 305000, Kursk, Dimitrov str., 16

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2. Fig. 1. Photographs and diffractograms of a stone with a crystalline phase of the mineral struvite (type I) and solid decomposition products

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3. Fig. 2. Photographs and diffractograms of a stone with crystalline phases of uric acid, its phosphate and sodium hydrophosphate (type III) before and after treatment

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