Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology

Purpose. The study of the frequency and structure of complications in IV-V degree of retinopathy of prematurity and the development of tactics for their prevention and treatment. Material and methods. A total of 134 patients (268 eyes) with IV-V degree of cicatricial retinopathy of premature infants aged 6 months - 17 years were examined. In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, ultrasound methods were used: biometrics, echography, biomicroscopy. Results. Late complications were detected on 153 (57,1%) from 268 eyes with IV-V degrees of cicatrical ROP. The main types of complications were: flat anterior chamber, corneal and lens opacities, secondary glaucoma, progressive phthisis bulbi. Conclusions. All patients with cicatricial ROP require constant follow-up and differentiated tactics of prevention and treatment of late complications.

Purpose. This research is to evaluate patients with retinoblastoma, who receive chemotherapy, with Spectralis optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging to compare the signs of chorioretinopathy and maculopathy. Material and methods. 74 patients were examined and treated, 125 eyes with retinoblastoma in age at average of 24 ± 1.6 months. Group 1 - 31 patients, 62 eyes after intravenous chemotherapy, 2 - 24 patients, 25 eyes after intravenous and superselective intraarterial or intravitreal chemotherapy. Group 3 (control) - 19 patients (38 eyes) with primary retinoblastoma. The condition of the retina, choroid and macula was assessed using Ret Cam II and Spectralis optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging. All patients had complete tumor resorption after treatment. Results. In group 1, after 3 courses of chemotherapy Spectralis optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging showed a decrease of caliber of retinal vessels; wavelength of photoreceptors, hyperreflective round foci and calcinates in the retinal pigment epithelium; choriocapillary hyperreflexivity, choroid thinning; in the sclera - hyperreflective foci with visualization of the scleral vessels. In the macula - disorganization of retinal pigment epithelium, cystic edema, smoothness of the papillomacular bundle, coracoid form of the fovea, retinal thickening. After 3 courses of systemic chemotherapy and superselective intraarterial chemotherapy (group 2) - peritumoral increase in the caliber of retinal vessels. After systemic superselective intraarterial and intravitreal chemotherapy (group 2) - epiretinal membranes, punctate hyperreflective foci in the inner layers of the retina. In group 3 (control), before treatment, a normal anatomical and topographic state of the macula was observed with extracentral localization of retinoblastoma. Conclusions. Profound morphometric disturbances that come with combined chemotherapy (intravenous, superselective intraarterial and intravitreal chemotherapy treatments) call for a more careful treatment with methods selected in terms of Spectralis optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging findings and specific chemotherapy contraindications.

Complex therapy of infectious conjunctivitis (adenovirus, herpetic, bacterial, chlamydial), complicated by toxic-allergic reaction, developing during the acute infectious process or long-term vigorous treatment, includes several treatment algorithms. The method of therapy consists in the use of systemic and local anti-allergic drugs against the background of a specific etiological antibacterial, antiviral or anti-herpetic therapy in combination with symptomatic therapy (anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, reparative and tear replacement agents). The use of the developed algorithms of therapy can improve the effectiveness of treatment by 12-25%.

Purpose: to present a clinical case of a child with hypertensive retinopathy developed against the background of undiagnosed pheochromacytoma and primarily regarded as neuroretinitis. The description of the case shows that a comprehensive examination of the child together with a pediatrician and endocrinologist allowed to identify the etiology of the pathological process and choose the right treatment strategy. Discussion. It is important to note that the alertness of the pediatric ophthalmologist in terms of the development of hypertensive retinal angiopathy is reduced. Arterial hypertension in children is much less common than in adults, and cases of hypertensive retinal lesions in children are rare. This can lead to a number of errors in the diagnosis and treatment of eye pathology, as well as underestimation of the severity of the General somatic condition of the child, in this connection it is important to emphasize the importance of close interdisciplinary cooperation in the examination and treatment of children of ophthalmic profile.