Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy

The purpose of researches is increasing of economic and biological qualities of Holstein cattle breed in the conditions of the industrial production technology of milk due to genetic improvement. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that depending on breed and linear accessory of animals live weight of change and quality indicators of growth intensity aren't identical. So, dress cut weight from cow calves of the second skilled group at the birth made 35.8 kg that is 2.4 kg more, than in the first skilled group and 2.3 kg more, than in control group. For the entire period of cow calf breeding of the line Montvik Chifteyn of Holstein breed had superiority over thoroughbred black and motley contemporaries for 7.9%, and over cow calves of the line Reflection Sovering of 3.6%. The term of the first insemination in the second skilled group made 16.2 months, in the first skilled group 16.5 months, in control group the age of the first insemination made 18.6 months, thus at the first insemination animal all groups had almost identical live weight and made 385.0-388.0 kg. Thus, for increase of efficiency of dairy cattle breeding, in the conditions of milk intensive production technology we recommend to use animals of Holstein breed of the Montvik Chifteyn family.

The purpose of research is to increase the efficiency of diagnostic after the clan of cows endometritis in the early stages. Cytological studies of vaginal mucus in the postpartum period were carried out for 20 cattle black-motley breed at the age of 3-6 years, weighing 390-440 kg with an average milk yield of 3100 kg. According to the results of a retrospective analysis all the animals were divided into two groups according to the nature of flow of post-partum period. The study we have identified the following changes in the smears: the potential physiological course of the postpartum period the number of superficial cells in smears of the vaginal epithelium in the first day after calving was 58%, for endometritis - 21%; the number of intermediate cells in the normal course was 29.5%, for postpartum endometritis - 61.5%. Regarding the parabasal cells, the following picture: in physiological postpartum period, their number was not more than 11% of the total number of epithelial cells, and for the postpartum endometritis - 20%. Cytological evidence of vaginal mucus recommend using the first 9 days after calving when the clinical, morphological and haematological signs of obstetric complications is not yet time to develop.

The purpose of research is to increase the protective and adaptive reactions of the body-mechanism of pregnant cows by application of natural mineral Vodnit. Zeolites possess adsorption, ion exchange, catalytic, detaxation and other biologically active properties. These properties of zeolitic tuffs allow you to use them with high efficiency to many biological questions, in particular the intractable question, the question of animal reproduction contained in the industrial, high-technological conditions. In race of experimental group cows 30 days prior to calving and postpartum period were included mineral feed additive Vodnit in a dose of 3% by weight concentrated feed. Biogenic effect of mineral Vodnit for the body experienced the stomach was reflected in the increased number of red blood cells by 12.0% (p<0.05), leukocyte - 10.0% (p<0.01), concentrations of total protein at 8.75% (p<0.05), albumin - 10.1% (p<0.01), decrease in the concentration of β-globulin by 6.6%, γ-globulin - by 15.21% compared to the same parameters of the control group. Vodnit, as enterosorbent, helps to remove from the body of cows experienced group of exogenous and endogenous pathogenic factors formed during digestion of feed nutrients and removal of the heavy metals salts and other organic and mineral substances from the external environment. On this basis was increased morphophysiological status of the pregnant cows organism, accompanied by more complete absorption of feed nutrients.

The purpose of research is detection in the early stages of the cows hidden endometritis using microbial factor. Studies were carried out at JSC «Demetra» in Kamensky district of Rostov region in the period from 2012 to 2014, thre were conducted daily observations of cows with multiple unsuccessful inseminations. For animals bacteriological studies, mucus samples were taken during the estrous of the cervix by the method Mikhailova-Lucko. In addition, measured microbial count, species identification of bacteria carried out, determined their pathogenic properties. To determine the number of microbial cells per 1 mL of the uterine fluid, MPA dispensed into sterile petri. Then dried in the thermostat at temperature of 40 degrees, then pipetted into 0.06 ml from dilution of 1:70 and of 1: 4900 on the surface of the agar plates in two parallel petri and calculated the average values of microbial numbers. To study the resulting cultures, colonies were selected, which were different by cultural and morphological characteristics, were screened by a loop on the beveled surface the culture medium and examined their biochemical properties on mediums Hiss, milk, nitrate broth (NB), vitelline-salt agar (VSA). Prepared and stained smears by Gram method. Hemolytic properties of isolated cultures was studied by blood agar. To prepare blood agar in MPA was added 5% sheep red blood cells (2.5% slurrys), which were washed by physiological solution. Hydrogen sulfide was determined using the sample with the filter paper dampened lead acetate, indole-sample with nitrous acid, nitrite, and zinc sample with starch-iodine in an acidic environment. The pathogenicity of the isolated cultures of microorganisms was determined by bioassay by 3 white mice, weighing 14-16 g, which were infected intraperitoneal by suspension of agar cultures in physiological solution, which was extracted from exudate of the uterus at a dose of 500 million microbial cells (bacterial concentration was set by bacterial turbidity standard 10 M.E.). Culture was recognized the pathogenic when death of one or more of the mice was within two days after infection. Hidden in cows endometritis in JSC «Demetra» Kamensky district of Rostov region has microbial etiology. The total number of microorganisms in 1 mL of the uterine fluid of cow with the hidden endometritis exceeds those in healthy animals, respectively, 1.5 times. The species composition of microflora was represented by some strains of the genera Staphilococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Proteus, Enterobacter, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas.

The purpose of the research is the increase in the growth of the pigs during the fattening period due to the use of mineral feed additives Vodnit. In modern conditions the production of environmentally safe biologically complete products of animal origin requires very high degree of work organization in maintaining the health and productivity of animals ,through the use of local antitoxic natural minerals, exceeding the digestibility of feed nutrients, factors of natural resistance and productivity of animals, in response to exposure to endogenous and exogenous pathological factors. One of this natural mineral is Vodnit Vodinsk IU-field of Krasnoyarsk district of Samara region. Mineral Vodnit is environmentally safe, rich in macro- and microelements, has endocarbocyanin ability of pathogenic factors of the applicant with food and air from the external environment and toxic gases the image-relating to animals. Feed additive Vodnit - mineral sedimentary type, is situated in Epizooties prosperous areas on infections diseases of animals and humans, consists of gypsum (Ca(SO4) • 2H2O), calcite (SaMg(CO3)), CaO and calcium oxides of magnesium and calcium. In Vodnit of heavy metal minerals salts are mg/kg of copper - 0.44, zinc - 0.33, cadmium - 0.07, Lead - 8.1 mg/kg, that is within the acceptable concentration for animals and man in Vodnit no-mercury and arsenic. Vodni t as a mineral feed additive in the diet of pigs has not only antitoxic function, but also allows you to fill the belly diet- minerals. It is established that animals reared on the Vednit diet in the blood increases the number of red blood from 4.10 to 9.44%, the concentrate of hemoglobin - 1.60%, total protein - 2.46, albumin - 11.23 globulin decreased by 2.22%, i.e morphological blood counts indicate increased to physiologobiochemical status of the animals.

The purpose of research - is assessment of the rats reproductive system condition to identify the possible biological effect of potassium humate. The article deals with reactive changes of the rats reproductive system on the background load of potassium humate. The experiment involved 80 females and 32 males one month of birth, weighing 190-210 g, were divided equally into 8 groups, and according to group affiliation received potassium humate as a solution. The solution was prepared in distilled water and administered to animals on a daily basis in accordance with the group membership and timing intragastrically at a dose of 10 mg/100 g body weight, 1 ml. Control animals received distilled water - 1 ml. The animals were monitored daily. Depending on the duration of potassium humate receipt in rats was assessed fetal (pre- and post-implantation) death of the fetuses; underdevelopment, exhibits a decrease in body weight and cranio-caudal sizes of new born, as well as the state of the reproductive system of males and females. The experiment revealed that the additional load solution of potassium humate has honadotrophic action manifested in the increase in the male testes mass coefficient; reduction of pathological forms of sperm; in females ovaries decrease in atretic bodies and increase in the number of mature follicles. Depending on the duration of receipt of potassium humate in the body an increase of corpora lutea and implantation sites per female. Introduction humate before fertilization and during early pregnancy increases the number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, and, therefore, increases the effectiveness of fertilization, is quantitative increase in offspring, cranio-caudal fruit size, the average weight of the placenta and fetal survival.

The purpose of the research is increasing of rats sensory-motor reflexes maturation due to load meal sesame seeds. The results of developmental changes study in the nervous system of rats on the background load schroth sesame seeds were presented. The intensity of the sensory-motor reflexes maturation is one of the factors that directly affect to the development of the organism in ontogeny, affecting all levels of homeostasis of cellular metabolism integration with cardiovascular and respiratory systems to activate the formation of the skeleton, and therefore has a direct impact for the survival of the young. The study was carried out with white mongrel rats, which were kept in vivarium under standard conditions. The experiment involved 142 rats aged 0 to 45 days of life. Rats were obtained from 10 female and 6 male albino rats weighing 190-210 g, divided equally into control and experimental groups. Females in the test group during the 30 days prior to pregnancy and new borns as additional load intragastrically administered sesame meal suspension at a dose of 10 mg/100 g body weight, 1 ml. A solution was prepared in distilled water. Females in the control group was administered distilled water for the same time period, 1 ml. Condition of rats was assessed by the rate of sensory-motor reflexes maturation during feeding classical methods and the method of «open field». According to the results, load schroth sesame seeds affects the dynamics of sensory-motor reflexes maturation. The following conclusions: the introduction of the diet meal sesame seeds affects the pyramidal-striatal level of organization of movements, mostly lipolysis, the development of reflexes in rats in the experimental group. The level of substantive action or parietal-premotor associated with fine motor skills and emotional sphere, by contrast, is stimulated in young rats in the experimental group compared with the control. Thus, the main positive impact sesame meal due to the formation of sensorimotor connections.

The purpose of research is scientific justification for increasing the resistance of orga-nism cats and prevention of viral and bacterial infections. Based on the purpose of the study, were as follows - Isolation and identification of cats living at home, accompanying and complicating the course of pan-leucopenia opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and micro-fungi; study of sea-fologicheskih, tinctorial, cultural, serological, biochemical properties of the isolated microorganisms. The study included a cat and cats sick panleukopenia. Cats and cats showed a reduction in the total number of leukocytes in the blood that is-is a key indicator of panleukopenia. At a rate of 5.5-18.5х10 9/ l, in the IP-to-follow animal white blood cell count was within 2.34-2.56х10 9/ l. The analysis of the microflora isolated from the teeth, gums, with the oral mucosa and of vomitus, revealed the presence of transient bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter coli and Leptospira biflexa. The study of the microorganisms isolated from the feces of cats and cats, all animals identified representatives automikroflory oral cavity and intestines. Concentration of bacteria Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Bifidobacterium bifidum decreased in comparison with the norm. At the same time increased the concentration of opportunistic Escherichia, Proteus, Helicobacter pylori, and enteropathogenic Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter. Our results allow us to conclude that the development of acute feline panleukopenia in cats leads to a sharp decrease in the concentration of representatives of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract and the replacement of its pathogen-governmental and opportunistic microbes.

The purpose of research is improving the efficiency of dairy cattle using cows of different breeds. From cows of three breeds: Holsteinphrise, Monbelyard and Simmental 30 tests of milk were collected and analysed. Experiment was made during the winter period. It was applied silage consatrate type of cows feeding. The hygienic condition of milk was estimated for number of somatic cells by means of the Somacount-150 (Bentley) device. In milk the content of fat, protein, casein, urea and lactose were determined by the automated infrared MilkoScan FT-120 analyzer (Foss Electric). The amount of serumal proteins and concentration of the conjugated linoleic acid in milk were determined by hromatographical method. Thus the best indicators of quality of milk were noted at cows of Holsteinphris breed. Milk from cows of Holsteinphris breed is characterized by lower contents β-lactoglobulin and α-lactoal’bumin and higher concentration of a lactoferrin and lizotsim, than milk of cows of other breeds. Results showed that the greatest the quantity of somatic cells was in cows milk of Holsteinphrise breed. The greatest concentration of casein and the conjugated linoleic acid was observed in cows milk of Monbelyard breed while milk the Simmental of cows was characterized by the highest level of phospholipids. The susceptibility of cows to mastitis depends on cattle breed. High yielding cows of Holsteinphris breed are most subject to mastitis. It is established that cows with a low susceptibility to mastitis and high genetic potential can bring the greatest financial benefits expected from sale of crude milk.

The purpose of research - to identify micromorphological features of chickens thymus in ontogenesis. Micromorphology of thymus hens in diurnal, 3-day, 1.5-month-old and 8 months of age was studied by the histological methods. Results of research showed that in the process from the day age and up to 8 months of age, the thymus structure undergoes the following changes: is changed the size and shape of the of lobules - begin to predominate the large and medium-sized lobules, subcapsular layer thickness increases. Division into the cortex and medulla is unequally in the daily and three-day of age and is well expressed in 1.5 and 8-months of age. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics and location of the Hassall cells Is changed - at day long in some lobules they are just beginning to be formed, in large lobules a few of them, to 8-months of age they increase in size, count of large Hassall's cells decreases, count of small Hassall's cells increases. Guantitative and qualitative characteristics of the endocrine cells Is changed - at day-long, they are detected in medulla in a small amount and they small in size, to 8-months of age, count of endocrine cells becomes much more and they increase in size. During this period in their cytoplasm is clearly expressed granularity. In the thymus with age decreases the count of lymphoid cells and the count of cells with mitotic figures. From 1.5-months of age in both cortical and medulla appears in a small number of apoptotic cells. At 8-months of age, cavities without lymphocytes appear in the medulla. Epithelial cells with light vesicular nuclei and foamy vacuolated cytoplasm are forming vast areas. The count of reticular epithelial cells and degenerating cells increases. Thymic stroma predominantly consists of collagen fibers, between which a lot of amorphous substance, and they are thicken with age.

The purpose of researches was increase as efficiency of blood dairy breeds heifers growth delivered from Finland in the conditions of strong continantal climate of Central Volga area. Features of growth and development of Holstein and Ayrshir breeds heifers during the dairy period which are given rise during different seasons of year at cultivation on open air in individual plastic lodges according to the intensive production technology of milk in modern industrial livestock complexes are studied. It is established that the most strict observance of the requirements provided by technology of calves breeding in individual lodges allows to grow up, despite climatic features of different seasons, young growth in compliance with the standard of breed. Animals of Holstein breed, at the expense of higher growth rate during the dairy period, reach necessary live weight earlier, than their contemporaries of Ayrshirsk breed. The Holstein breed heifers, born in winter months, were inseminated at the age of 15.2 months, given rise in the spring - in 15.4 months, in the summer - in 16.3 months, in the fall - in 15.1 months, Ayrshirsk breed heifers, respectively in 16.3; 16.5; 17.3; 15.9 months. At all experimental good reproductive abilities heifers were noted. After the first insemination it was impregnated in group of animals of Holstein breed of 60.0% born in the winter, in the spring - 53.3, in the summer - 53.3, in the fall - 60.0%, in group of Ayrshirsk breed, respectively 73.3; 60.0; 53.3; 66.7%.

The series of studies was conducted by the method of group - periods for the Black and White cattle fattening bulls (n=3) aged 10-12 months with rumen fistulae by Basov in vivarium of All-Russian Research institute of animal husbandry named after academy member L. K. Ernst. . We studied the effect of rumen digestion processes, nutrient digestibility of diets inclusion in diets of young cattle fattening using synthetic nitrogen compounds (SNC) separately and in combination with the zeolite. The studies found that the inclusion of various synthetic nitrogen compounds in combination with the zeolite in the composition of the rations optimizes processes rumen digestion in bulls fattening and creates more favorable conditions for the activities of the microflora. This manifests itself in lowering the concentration of ammonia in rumen fluid steers fed SNC in conjunction with zeolites, as compared with animals fed a diet consisting only the SNC, as well as increasing their total number of microbial mass. When feeding in the composition of the fattening bulls diets with different SNC in combination with zeolite has increased compared with the control digestibility of organic matter by 0.7%, protein - 2.7-3.7%, fat - 4.2%, fiber - 3.9-4.4%. After experiments, we suggest a deficiency of protein in the diet to use urea (40 g per head / day) in combination with zeolites (100 g per head per day), ammonium sulfate (87 g per head / day) in combination with zeolites (100 g per head per day) and diammonium phosphate (85 g per head / day) in combination with zeolites (100 g per head per day) in the period of intensive growth of young cattle in order to replace part of the protein in the diet.

The main objective of work is to increase selection efficiency of parental couples during the selection and breeding work for improvement of dairy efficiency and adaptation abilities of dairy cattle breeds . Having analysed the indicators of blood with indicators of dairy efficiency and quality of milk, it was established that between them there is a correlation dependence of different force and the direction which allows to strengthen action of merits at selection and selection of parental couples, weakening the undesirable. On the basis of the received results it is established that between the studied indicators of blood and dairy efficiency prevails low (r=0.1-0.3) and average (r=0.4-0.6) degree of interrelation. Thus rectilinear positive connection of cows yield of milk is established only with the content in blood of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and neutrophils. Rectilinear negative correlation of yield with the maintenance of leukocytes at cows oBbestuzhev and Black and Motley breeds, yield with the content in blood of lymphocytes at Black and Motley and Holstein breeds. It is established, as the cellular and humoral factors characterizing natural resistance of an organism are very labile both between breeds, and in each studied breed. They can decrease or increase as in parallel, and compensating each other. Practical value of correlation between signs is that they allow selection of parental couples not only to strengthen action of merits, weakening undesirable, but also, in the presence of positive correlation, to conduct selection for smaller number of signs that is much simpler and more effective. In this case rates of genetic improvement of herds are considerably accelerated.

In this researches the main objective studying is influence of different share of galega east hay in structure for chemical composition and technological properties of dairy breeds milk and its suitability for production of firm grades of cheese. The haylage prepared from galega east with addition of galega bezosty grass mix from 30 to 60% on the mass of seeds. Researches were conducted in the conditions of dairy complex on full-age cows of Simmentalsky breed in SPK «Youzhny» of Orenburg region. On the basis of the received results it is possible to draw a conclusion that hay from pure culture of galega east without use, badly of hay - it is fattened, owing to certain properties, when feeding to milk cows leads to decrease in milk the content of casein, calcium and phosphorus which, forming a caseinate-calcium conglomerate, promote at influence of abomasal enzyme to formation of dense elastic clot. The cheese weight of which form cheeses, turns out thus friable and crashly. As a result cheeses on quality don't correspond to the premium. Use for a grass mix haying from galega east and to-stretsa bezosty improves its preserving properties and increases technological qualities of milk that allows to develop from it firm grades quality cheese. The best results are received when grass mix using in a ratio, respectively 50:50 and 40:60.

The purpose of research is substantiating the effectiveness of using a high-protein supplements Belkoff-M in rations of Black-Motley breed dairy cows during start lactation. The objectives of the research included: to Identify the impact studied additive on dairy production of heifers and mature cows; to explore the influence of the feed additive Belkoff-M on the intake, rations balance, palatability, and use and nutrients digesting; to Identify the economic effciency and profitability of the use of high-proteine additive Belkoff-M in the diets of lactating cows. With Holsteined cows of Black-motley breed the feasibility of using the feed additive Belkoff-M has been determined in two series of studies. Conducted against the background of the scientific and economic experience physiological studies have shown that the inclusion in the diet of fresh cows/heifrs (the first series of studies) and mature cows (the second series of studies) the high-protein content feed additive Belkoff-M the tendency of nutrients digesting increase has been obvious in experimental cow groups in comparison with the control.group. In the first series of studies for cows, heifers it has been found that the test feed additive diet enrichment in an amount of 1.5 kg per head per day provides the animals of the experimental group milk production 13.0% increase (in terms of milk 4% fat); a second series of experiments on mature cows milk production increase in the 2nd experimental group was 13.6%. Heifers and cows protected protein rations enrichment during start milking provided the increase in feed ration nutrients digestibility. So the dry matter digesting within the cows of the second experimental group has been 0.6-1.1 abs.% ,organic matter -1.3-1.4abs.%,wet protein - 2,3-3,1 abs.% higher than the cows of control group both in the first and in the second series of studies. The level of profitability in dairy production both in the first and in the second series of experiments in experimental cow groups has been higher compared to control groups, respectively 12,8-11,2 abs.%.

The purpose of research is increasing of biological value and quality of pigs meat products with microalgae Spirulina platensis feeding. The object of research is young pigs of Large White breed during rearing and fattening. To conduct research on method of vapor-analogues four groups of piglets at the age of 60 days for 5 animals in each group were formed. In the main period of scientific and business experience animals in the control group received the basic diet, and three from the experimental group in addition to the basic ration received microalga in the following doses: 1 test - 100 ml suspension of spirulina, 2 experienced - 150 ml and 3 experienced group of 200 ml suspension spirulina per animal per day. The duration of the experiment amounted to 153 days. Research was conducted to study the biological value and quality indicators average pork samples, chemical analysis of the longest muscle in the established techniques. It was found that the chemical composition, energy value, digestibility and palatability of meat directly depend on the ratio of it muscle, fat and connective tissue in their natural ratio and on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the meat of these substances. Feeding by the microalgae spirulina as feed additive to gilts in group rearing and fattening contributed to increased biological value and meat quality in all experimental groups, contributed to the enrichment of meat protein, reduced fat content, moisture. In addition, the use of microalgae has not had negative impact on the main quality characteristics of the meat that makes significant contribution to the practice of pig production development.

The aim of the research was to improve the reproductive characteristics of sows of large white breed method of improving the system of their content. Scientific and industrial research was carried out on the basis of LLC «Time-91» Engels district, Saratov region, in the period from 2013 to 2014. Studied the reproductive quality of sows of large white breed with individual and group systems content. Found that when group housing systems replacement gilts, their fertility was higher than in the individual content of 8.0 abs. %. 4 goals gilts, with individual content was observed proboost, and for group - only 2 goals. All this contributed to the increase in the number of sows at farrowing (9.5%) and multiple pregnancy (7.8%). A comprehensive indicator of the reproductive qualities gilts differed between groups by 7.4 points or 8.4% in favor of the animals contained prior to mating and during gestation group. However, sows in this group for all indicators reproductive qualities meet the class of the elite, while peers in the individual contents - 1 class. After weaning of piglets, sows, translated into the group machines, came to the sexual hunt 4.8 days earlier; the term fruitful mating and farrowing interval between decreased by 5.2 days, and fertilization increased by 10 abs. percent., increasing the duration and quality of productive use of sows. Set that to increase the reproductive characteristics of sows of large white breed recommended for industrial technologies of production of pig apply group content of replacement gilts, verifiable, and sows after insemination, the establishment of gestation and throughout the growth cycle (except for farrowing and content with piglets up to weaning).

The article presents the results of studies evaluating the effectiveness of the use of the drug Nuklepeptid in growing steers black-and-white breed. For the experiment were formed into four groups of calves aged 6 months to 10 animals each. The picture changes morphological composition of the blood showed that they are influenced by the season and the dosage of the drug Nukleopeptid. Group II was different from the control group in the winter on the content of erythrocytes and gemoglabina 0.19×10 12/L (2.7%) and 2.8 g/l (2,03%), III group by 0.58×10 12/l (8.3%) and 6.98 g/l (5,6%), IV group 0.5×10 12/L (7.2%) and 6.67 g/L (5.36%) summer group II 0.27×10 12/L (3.5%) and 5.14 g/l (3,8%), III group by 0.73×10 12/L (9.6%) and 12 4 g/l (6,1%), IV group 0.62 x 10 12/L (18.1%) and 11.6×10 12/L (8.5%), respectively. The content of leukocytes in the blood, had the opposite dynamics of these two indicators. The study drug was ambiguous effect on the biochemical composition of the blood test calves. The total protein content in the blood of experimental steers was different and different years and seasons. Because of the difference in the control group experienced in winter was 4.14-8.56 g/l (5.5-11.4%), summer 4.62- 8.31 g/l (5.9-10.7%). Change in the ratio of individual protein fractions in the blood often provide more meaningful information than just the total protein. On the content of albumin in all seasons of the year, the highest rate was in the experimental group III, his superiority over the group I was in the winter of 5.47 g/l (15.6%), in the summer of 7.2 g/l (19.2%), of group II - winter 2.43 g/l (6.5%), in the summer of 4.35 g/l (10.8%) over the group IV - winter 1.24 g/l (0.6%) and summer 1.66 g/l (3.9%). According to another whey protein content - globulin no significant changes were found. Aminotransferase activity was at a high level and within the physiological range.

Promising direction is to increase the production of beef cattle crossbreeding of two three-pedigree Bestuzhevsk breed bulls Holstein, Limousin and Hereford breeds. At intensive cultivation Bestuzhevsk breed bulls in 18 months reached 511.1 kg live weight, two-breed Holstein crosses 521.8 kg, three-pedigree limousin breed hybrids 545.0 kg, three-pedigree Hereford crosses 532.2 kg with an average daily weight gain 891 g, respectively, 909, 954 and 930 crossing helped to improve meat production. So, at slaughter weight at 18 months the pair carcasses in bulls Bestuzhevsk breed was 273.5 kg, two-breed Holstein crossbreds 278.4 kg, three-pedigree hybrids limousin 291.3 kg, three-pedigree hybrids Hereford 288.8 kg at the output of pulp, respectively 78,7%, 78.1, 80.3 and 80.2%. Mascara three-pedigree hybrids differed high yield cuts 1st grade and output pulp premium. Preferred for complex traits that characterize the quality, it was meat three-pedigree hybrids. Therefore, to increase beef production in the southern Urals in commercial animal husbandry appropriate to use industrial crossing Bestuzhevsk and Holstein cows with bulls Limousin and Hereford breeds.

The aim of the research is to improve the efficiency of influence of microbial drug Tetralactobacteril for meat production and meat quality. The studies were performed for broiler chickens cross «Change 7» and the Rhine geese breed using probiotic tetralactobacterin, consisting of four strains of lactobacilli in the ratio 1: 1: 1: 1, Lactobacillus casei LBR 1/90, Lactobacillus paracasei LBR 5/90, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LBR 33/90, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LBR 44/90. Inclusion in the diet of agricultural Petittzu microbiological substances in a dose of 1 g/kg of feed to increase the safety of livestock of broiler chickens by 7.5%, geese - by 12%; increase in body weight of chickens by 6.8%, geese - by 14%. Weight gutted carcass of broiler chickens increased by 8.4%, geese - by 15.1%, the weight of the edible part of - 5.3 and 15% in broilers and geese, respectively. Based on the research results tetralactobacterin introduction to the feed at a dose of 1 g/kg diet has a positive effect on the growth rate of poultry, thereby reducing production costs and improve the profitability of poultry, improving technological characteristics and nutritional properties of meat.

The objective of the research was the improvement of production technology, appropriate conditions of gilts by the effective functioning of the systems of the regulated microclimate in buildings. Comparative evaluation of fattening and meat quality of pigs depending on appropriate conditions were conducted in Meleuz (group I), Belebey (group II) and Ilievsk (group III) pig farms LLC «Bashkir bacon». To conduct research in these enterprises on the principle of analogues with regard to the origin, age and body weight were formed the experimental group piglets at weaning, large white breed of 25 goals. The studies were conducted under the same feed background, complete compound feeds produced by OJSC «SCORM», JSC «Bogdanovich feed mill» in strict accordance with the age and growing. In all groups was used feed one and the same batch of manufacture. Feed consumption was determined according to the group based on the actual amount of feed consumed during the period of rearing and fattening. The following evidence suggests that the most receptive to appropriate conditions of detention were the piglets weaning when they are growing compared to the period of fattening. Relatively less favourable conditions of piglets III groups during rearing from 2 to 4 months of age. In the buildings which housed the pigs in this group were detected above a relative humidity of 6.0%, CO 2 - 7.4% and ammonia by 8.9%. As a consequence, the intensity of growth and preservation of piglets in this group was lower compared with their peers in groups I and II respectively by 7.0-3.6% and 4.16-3.68%.

To compare the basic economic-useful qualities of calves and neuter Black and Simmental breeds at various technologies of breeding was carried out scientific and economic experience. For the experiment was formed six groups of animals: I and II - bulls Black-and-white and Simmental breeds, III and V castrati black pied, IV and VI - castrati Simmental breeds. In the period from 6 to 12 months castrati were kept in a feedlot. At the age of 12 months, all castrati were converted to pasture. In terms of feeding castrati IV and VI groups in the age period from 12 to 18 months received consentrates. During feeding on pastures among castrati greater intensity of growth had animals treated with fertilizer. Upon reaching the age of 18 months all young guinea fattened on the site for 3 months. The apparent superiority of Simmental and Black-motley steers over castrati found after feeding them to pasture at the age of 18 months. Bulls in group I compared with castrati groups III and V had an advantage of 29 kg (6.9%) and 73.4 kg (19.6%). Young animals contained in feedlots and steers grown on pasture with dressing concentrates have better qualities killer. At the age of 21 months bulls group I and group III castrati carcass weight exceeded peers contained in the conditions of feeding on pasture without fertilization by 58.4 and 32.8 kg (10.3 and 15.3%), and slaughter yield - 3 and 4%. Simmental bulls and castrati group IV for these indicators were better than peer group VI, respectively, 62.3 and 34.7 kg (25.2 and 14.0%), 3.4 and 2.8%. The most effective method of preparation of castrati for slaughter is fattening on pasture with dressing concentrates in conjunction with the final fattening on the site within 3 months. Black-and-White and Simmental breeds bulls should be grown in feedlots to 21 months.

The purpose of research is improving productive and reproductive qualities of geese breeder by including in their diet Chlorella suspension. Investigations were carried out on the Kuban geese breeder breed. Integrated Assessment of productive and reproductive qualities of geese used suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris strain. According to the research found that the best productive and reproductive qualities differed geese flocks treated in addition to the basic diet suspension of Chlorella in the amount of 60 and 70 ml per 1 head per day. Preservation geese data groups was 98.61%, which is above 2.78%, as compared with the control, loss in body weight was lower by 1.6% than the peer is not received chlorella. Inclusion in the diet improved the suspension of Chlorella and quality of sperm goose: at the age of 48 weeks of treatment groups were superior to the control group in terms of volume of ejaculate on 1.6-11.3%, the concentration of sperm - on 3.4-10.2%, the activity of sperm - on 2,4-7.3%, respectively. Indicators of fertilized eggs from geese receiving chlorella for 60 and 70 ml per head in one day were higher than the control at 1.8 and 1.9%, geese O - 3.8 and 4.1%, hatchability - 2.0 and 2.2%, respectively. Based on the results of the studies found that the inclusion in the diet of geese breeder suspension of Chlorella in the amount of 60 and 70 ml per 1 head per day improves productive and reproductive qualities of birds and to improve the profitability of production at 16.0-16.6%.

The purpose of research is improving productivity and identifying exterior features of broiler chickens when the Betulin extract in the diet. Studies were conducted on broiler chickens cross «Iza» with the use of dietary supplements of natural origin Betulin extracted from birch bark and has antioxidant, immunomodulatable properties. Inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens extract Betulin in the amount of 0.25% by weight of feed to increase the safety of livestock at 2.8% of live weight - 3.27%, yield whole poultry without giblets - at 4.88%, and reduce costs to feed 1 kg of weight gain - 4.0%, compared with the control group. Thus the digestibility of protein amounted 80.56%, 79.21% fat and 8.54% fiber that exceeds the rate of the control group to 2.55; 1.72 and 9.74%, respectively, using nitrogen increased by 2.41%. Based on our production audit it was found that the inclusion of the drug Betulin in growing broiler chickens in the amount of 0.25% by weight of feed will reduce the cost of 1 kg of meat from 72.08 to 70.85 rubles. and raise the level of profitability of 1.56%. Based on the results of the studies found that broilers treated as part of feed extract Betulin in the amount of 0.25% by weight of the feed have better preservation of livestock, live weight, high meat characteristics, and relatively low cost of feed per unit of production.

The purpose of research is to optimize digestion and creation in the rumen of ruminants most favorable conditions for the development of microflora and, consequently, improving the efficiency of nutrient utilisation of feed rations and production of animals.Optimization of digestion and creation in the rumen of ruminants the most favorable conditions for the development of the microflora, as well as improving the efficiency of nutrient utilisation of feed rations and productivity of animals is an important task of modern physiological science. This problem is solved by a variety of biologically active ergotropic substances that increase biological and nutritional value of diets. The experiment was held by the method of group-periods of 4 sheep groups (n=3) with rumen fistula on Basov. Animals of control group received the basic diet (OR), experimental groups - the mineral shungite in doses of 0.3% (1 test group), and 0.9% (2 test group) and 1.5% (3 test group) from the mass of diet. Biological properties of complex ergotropic substances in the composition of the mineral shungite manifested at the level of the scar digestion, increase education of microbial mass on 0.16-1.35 г/100 мл and metabolic products (the increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids 3.6-26.3%, reducing the concentration of ammonia) while creating the most favorable conditions for the activity of the microflora, increased the digestibility of nutrients of diets and more efficient use of nitrogenous substances, which is the basis of growth of productivity in ruminants.