Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy

The aim of the research is increasing the performance of the sowing unit disk-pin through the use of the activator expiration of seed from the hopper. The most important device of any seeder is the sowing device. He has to create uniform stream of seed material with the set parameters. When dosing seeds of cereal herbs ensuring compliance with this condition is extremely difficult. The special sowing device is developed for dispensing of seeds of a meadow grass and mix of herbs which part they are. Feature of this device is existence of the activator of the expiration of seed material from the bunker providing steady filling with space seeds on the dosing disk that allows to receive high quality indicators of seeding. An assessment of the activator influence of the expiration for productivity of dispensing of meadow grass meadow seeds both seeds of fodder mix of herbs and determination of optimum design data of the activator were made on the laboratory installation were described in article. When carrying out pilot studies limits and intervals of the following factors variation were set: amplitude and frequency of activation. Height of upper-disk space of the sowing device and an initial departure of mobile pins were accepted by constants. Graphic dependences of specific giving seeds of meadow grass meadow the expirations corresponding to various designs of the activator are presented in article. The analysis of the obtained data as a result of which it is found out is made that the smallest gain of productivity gives application of activation in the middle of loading opening of the device. The maximum productivity characterizes the sowing device equipped with the activator with two waves 6 mm high equidistanted from the beginning and the end of a zone of loading. Application of activation of the expiration gives the chance to increase productivity of the disk and pin sowing device for 56%.

The purpose of the study is to analytically justify the cycle of mixer periodic action operation. Livestock productivity improvement requires improvement of feed quality. One way to improve the quality of feed is the preparation of mixtures. The highest quality compounds provide mixers of periodic action. Their feature is preloading the components of the mixture and the subsequent period of the screed mixing. After preparation of the mixture discharge opening opens and the finished mixture is discharged. In some cases, used mixers step mixing, which is prepared at the beginning of pre-mixture, reloads additional supplements and it turns out the mixture, sometimes several similar stages of mixing. The article gives a description of the developed design vertical paddle mixer periodic action for the preparation of feed mixtures. Using known theoretical principles of applied mechanics, analytically derived expressions of the duration of mixing of the mixture components and unloading of finished feed from the mixer. Unloading feed from the mixer can be divided into two intervals of time. The first interval until mixture is discharged above the discharge aperture (height of the discharge aperture constant). The second interval when the mixture is discharged at the height of the discharge aperture (height of the mixture varies from the height of the discharge aperture to a practical zero, i.e., the height of the discharge aperture variable). The article theoretically grounded expression of the cycle time of the mixer including mixing time and discharge vertical mixer. Presents formulas for determining the duration of mixing, time of discharge of the material through the rectangular side opening and the full cycle time.

The purpose of the study is improving the efficiency of using DM «Frigate» by reducing the energy impact of rain. In Saratov Zavolzhye irrigation allows 2-3 times to increase the productivity of agrocenoses. Along with a positive effect from melioration it is necessary to pay attention and to deterioration of an ecological situation in places of use of dozhdevalny equipment. Development of such negative processes as rise in level of ground waters, secondary salinization, a water erosion happen because of use of the rain equipment possessing the increased impact on the soil owing to the considerable height of raising of a cumulonimbus cloud, the increased fineness of drops of a rain, high intensity of a rain. When determining norm of watering to a drain design and technological data of the serial and modernized rainer of DM «Frigate» were fixed, and also the type and mechanical structure of the soil, a type of crops, soil covering degree were considered by plants. The norm of watering to a drain of Mds decreased with increase in a bias of a field, preirrigation humidity and consolidation (volume weight) of the top layer of earth (in process of increase in frequency rate of waterings). The increase in norm of watering to a drain is promoted by increase in degree of a covering of the soil plants

The purpose of the study is to analytically justification based on the definition of the basic indicators of disk cutter chopper roots work. The increase in dairy cows productivity requires improving the quality of feed, as well as the inclusion in the composition of the diet of roots and tubers. One of the mandatory preparation of crops for feeding is fragmentation and the subsequent feeding of animals in the shortest time (up to 2 hours), to prevent damage. For grinding crops are the trowel, the hammer-wrought, pin, knife, etc. grinding machines. Most preferred, for the grinding of clean roots is a disk cutter grinding machine with horizontal axis of rotation. Effect characteristics of chopper in operation farms, it is assumed manual loading of root crops in the chopping apparatus. To improve performance, we propose an original feed device. Describing the disk chopper crops for farms with original over-bulky device that provides forced supply of the root to the blades of the disk, increasing productivity. Excessive contact force will result in excessive compression of disk the root and increase the intensity of the process. The thickness of the slices is limited by the limb of a knife from the plane of the disk surface. If you looked around enough effort root does not reach the disk, and accordingly the thickness of the slice is smaller, the performance of the device below, and the effective energy intensity of the process is reduced. Therefore, the theoretical analysis of the working process will define its basic parameters. The article gives theoretical justification and leads to the given expression describing the intensity of the process, drive power, the performance of the device, the thickness of the roots particles slices.

The purpose of the research is improving the quality of dispensing amaranth seeds small norms in the development of pneumatic sowing machine. Qualitative performance of seeder for small seeded crops depend on the sowing unit, as technical means for dosing and feeding the seed flow. Designed pneumatic seed metering device for dispensing seeds of small seeded crops seeding rates of 0.1-1.5 kg/ha. Novelty design of the sowing unit is confirmed by the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention №2228586. Laboratory studies have found that at values of air velocity at the inlet to the mixer V = 13.46 m/s and mounting height ejector device over the mixer h = 0.147 m observed the best uniformity of distribution of seeds in subejectorspace. The coefficient of variation of the distribution of seeds on the front of the seed-air flow amounted ν = 44.08%. The coefficient of variation of the distribution of intervals between plants along the row amounted in experimental seeders ν = 63.3% and the seeder SO-4.2 ν = 131%. Due to a better distribution of plants on the area of the field, the seed yield of green mass on plots sown with seed drill with pneumatic sowing machine was exceeded by 44 and 34.7% respectively, the yields from the control plots and averaged over the three years of 1.25 t/ha of seeds and 87.74 t/ha of green mass.

The purpose of researches is improving the heat resistance of the material of the cylinder head (cylinder head), the rationale of the chemical composition and structure of this part. Under low-cycle thermal loading occurs gradually relaxation of thermal stresses in the presence of already formed permanent deformation. This causes tensile stresses are particularly dangerous for grey cast iron used to manufacture the cylinder head. The tensile strength of the material in tension is several times less than in compression. Each thermal Cycling, the tensile stress will increase, as gray cast iron has low plasticity. Residual deformation will increase and will eventually lead to termostatical cracks. The material of the head, cast iron SCH25, has a graphite inclusions plate shape. The structure of the material is not optimal for improved heat transfer, which also increases thermal stresses on the surface and the thickness of firing the bottom and leads to cracks. This defect limits the resource of the cylinder head. For the rational choice of the material of this part was used in the experimental setup. Based on the analysis of the results of the studies, it wasfound that the maximum thermal resistance, 160 cycles, has vermicular cast iron. Increased thermostability show cast irons with such alloying elements as copper, Nickel, molybdenum. Found that the use of dopants optimal chemical composition and structure of vermicular cast iron will significantly improve the durability of the cylinder head.

The purpose of the study is to improve the quality characteristics of traded agricultural machines with their further improvement and design. The uneven distribution of mineral different doses as a different effect on yield losses. When making optimal dose of yield loss from uneven fertilizer sieving increase as a result of a shortage on under-fertilized plots, as well as due to lodging of plants on plots that received excessive dose of nutrients. Thus the problem of providing accurate driving units for fertilizer is further exacerbated with increasing width of modern high-performance high-tech equipment. The system of differential fertilizer created on the platform of an inertial navigation system (INS), as an alternative to GPS navigation in the system of precision farming will allow lower cost and greater accuracy to perform agricultural operations for fertilization. In appointing the accuracy requirements of regulation was justified the length of the interval for which should be a given accuracy. As the theoretical assumptions of the analysis of the quality of regulation when exposed to stochastic perturbations Q(t), examined the trend deviation of the volume of material in successive portions of the stream at time intervals Δt. An optimal choice from the point of view of the quality of regulation of the working section, was considered subject to the submission to the inputs of the system given function Q ass (t) and random signal Q(t). Recommendations on the use of converters with small values of time differentiation CD that will allow you to expand the bandwidth ω n. The effective bandwidth will be ω n= 4π/3 QUOTE .

The purpose of researches is the rational diagnostic criteria proving tractor hydraulic system efficiency assessment considering features of its basic elements. Proceeding from the purpose of researches the following tasks were set - analytically to estimate rational criteria and methods of separate elements efficiency increase of hydraulic systems and to establish their interrelation; methodologically to prove the direction of an experimental assessment of diagnostic criteria of efficiency of a hydraulic system taking into account improvement of the tribological parameters in basic elements of system. Rational criteria of an assessment of elements efficiency of hydraulic system of the MTZ-1221.2 tractor are proved. It is established that the perspective direction of tractor’s hydraulic system basic elements resource increase is use and centrifugal cleaning of alternative plant-mineral lubricant composition (PMLC) with a complex of additives. For an assessment of the PMLC antifrictional properties laboratory researches of influence of graphite (d, C) as antifrictional additive on change of diameter of a wear spot by four-ball friction machine (MAST-1) are conducted. As a result of processing of results of researches the equation of regression is received and the response surface characterizing influences of concentration C and diameter of graphite particles d on change of diameter of a wear spot D w is constructed. Rational values of concentration C = 0.75% are determined by weight and the size of particles of d = 10-30 microns of graphite as a part of lubricant composition. Basic researches established increase of a resource of interfaces of basic elements of tractor hydraulic system to 15-20% when using alternative PMLC on the basis of rape oil in a complex with the additive batcher at the corresponding decrease in ecological impurity of the soil. The methodology of a choice of the main diagnostic criteria of hydraulic system is proved.

The goal of the research was to create an environmentally friendly heat generation device with improved performance characteristic. To achieve this objective was established installation - «Vortex hydraulic heat generator» (VHHG). This device generates heat due to changes in physical and mechanical properties of the liquid. Performance gain is achieved by the intensification of energy conversion processes by making the heat generator’s body in the form of axially extends from the entrance to the bottom vessel with longitudinal cylindrical grooves. The grooves are evenly spaced around the circumference of the heat generator cross section. To carry out the tests were made experimental stand and two heat generator models (with nominal and improved characteristic). Comparison of the results of their work showed that the heat generator with improved characteristic heats the water in the heating system to a temperature of 3-4°C higher than the heat generator with the nominal parameters. Heat generator effectiveness is increased by an average of 5%. The use of the heating system on the basis of vortex hydraulic heat generator with improved characteristic suitable for the creation of compact and economical heating systems of agricultural areas in the winter season. For example, for heating barns and underfloor heating in the crib for lambs.

The purpose of the research is the indications tribological serial plastic greasings improvement on the basis of lithium, used in knots of a friction of agricultural machines. This work is devoted to the results of experimental researches antifrictional and non-wear properties plastic greasing with additives in the form of the graphite modified plasmachemical by a method. For modifying graphite were used two types of the category: underwater diaphragm the category and the decaying category of atmospheric pressure. As a result of plasma activation there is a modifying of a surface of the graphite, the resulting, in particular, to change of its properties. Superficial modifying is caused by action of components plasmachemical the category. Plasma initiation in a solution leads to generation of active particles, Uf-radiation, and also to mechanical activation of a solution. Arising in volume transmission of energy streams promote fast carrying over of active particles and reagents to a liquid phase. Thus, active particles, co-operating with a graphite surface change its characteristics. As a result of modifying the charge on a graphite surface changes and its wettability improves. Tribological researches have been executed on a friction machine. Researches have shown that introduction as additives to greasings on the basis of lithium the of the graphite modified plasmachemical by a method allows to lower friction coefficient in 1.95-2.67 times that as a whole allows to reduce losses on a friction in tribological connection. Wear of friction pairs elements decreases in 1.25-1.64 times, that allows to increase further a resource of details a friction pairs of agricultural machines and the equipment. Researches show that use for modifying of graphite of plasma of the underwater diaphragm category is perspective. Use of plasma of the decaying category of the atmospheric pressure lighted over a surface of a liquid to considerable improvement tribological of characteristics has not resulted. The received results show perspectivity graphite modified plasmachemical by a method at use as antifrictional and non-wear additives to plastic greasings on the basis of lithium.

The purpose of research is justification of the mineral-organic fuel optimal composition choice, reduce wear and tear on parts. Determination of the optimal composition of the fuel, reducing tear. A brief analysis of the possible application of linseed oil as a component of the blend biofuels. The theoretical background to reduce tear of critical parts of the fuel through the use of the optimal composition of the mineral and plant-based fuel linseed oil. It is hypothesized to reduce the amount of tear depending on the increase in the concentration of linseed oil in the mineral-plant fuel. The results of laboratory studies of the influence of various compositions of mineral fuels based on vegetable linseed oil to tear, confirming the hypothesis. During the tests, the following parameters were measured: the temperature of the oil in a node of friction, the frictional force and the normal load. Produces a visual inspection of the surface of the friction and tear were measured spot sizes. Tests were carried out five different compositions of fuel in four different load conditions with fourfold replications. The obtained data is stored in the form of graphs and numerical data based on the end of each test. Wear spots to take pictures of each sample. It was lined with the dependence of the amount of tear on the percentage of linseed oil in the mineral - plant fuel. The optimum composition of the mineral and plant -based fuel linseed oil - 25% of LM + 75% diesel fuel. The results of the tests. It was found that the use of the composition of the mineral - plant fuel as the working environment is efficient and reduces the amount of wear scar for at least 6%

Research objective is estimate influence of camelina oil with its use in quality of antiwear additive for tribology properties of diesel fuel. Theoretical prerequisites of mixed fuel due to antiwear properties increase use as additive of the vegetable oils containing organic surfactants are submitted. The technique and results of basic researches of antiwear properties of mixed fuel with additive of camelina oil are given. Researches were conducted on a universal tribometer of the TU type on four-ball frictional unit. Concentration of camelina oil in fuel are changed from 0 to 10% on volume with a step to 2%. Loading, frequency of rotation of a spindle and material of details of frictional unit didn't change. Researches showed that at concentration of camelina oil of 2% on volume the average diameter of a spot of wear decreased by 26.1% (with 1.1255 when using diesel fuel without additives to 0.8317 mm at addition of 2% of camelina oil). At concentration of camelina oil of 4% the average diameter of a spot of wear decreased by 35.94% of the initial. At further increase in concentration of camelina oil (6, 8 and 10% on volume) decrease in diameter of a spot of wear made respectively 36.56; 37.32 and 38.57%. It is established that for substantial increase the tribology properties of diesel fuel is enough to enter into its structure 2-4% of camelina oil on volume. The further increase in concentration of antiwear additive of considerable effect doesn't give, but use the mixed fuels with the content of vegetable oils to 50% on volume is rational from the point of view of economy of fuels of an oil origin.