Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy

The purpose of the research is justification the use of drought-resistant varieties suitable for local conditions and technologies for their cultivation on the territory of the Ulyanovsk region. The relevance of the study is important due to the problem of agrometeorological monitoring of drought and crop conditions, since the Ulyanovsk region has a very high probability of severe and very severe droughts, which in some cases cause a catastrophic decrease in crop productivity. In this regard, the research is aimed at identifying patterns of formation of dry phenomena and adaptation of the agricultural sector to specific conditions of aridity, taking into account crops and specialization of agricultural production. Methods of comparison, analysis and generalization of the initial data make the base for studies. Estimates of regional climate changes were made using proven statistical methods, correlation and trend analysis, the reliability of which was evaluated using Fisher and Student criteria, allowing a comprehensive review of agrometeological indicators of atmospheric droughts and crop yields in changing regional climatatic conditions, as well as providing recommendations for adjusting the technology of their cultivation. Materials presented for analysis on climate change within the period between 1961-2018 years revealed an increase in the average annual temperature over the years of research by 2.3°C and an increase in precipitation by 131 mm, and understand the recurrence of atmospheric drought in the region every three years. An intense, persistent drought that causes a significant decrease in crop productivity occurs on average once every nine years. The materials of the article are of practical value for agricultural specialists in the preparation of recommendations, reference books and generalization of microclimatic information in an intensive farming system.

The aim of the research is increasing the viability and stability of seeds of various cotton varieties in unfavorable soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan. Trace elements with different ligand compounds effect favorably on cotton boll bursting. Cobalt-34 facilitates the cotton boll bursting by 28% in comparison with the control. The copper stimulating effect on early maturity of cotton boll is 14.5-26.5%, in control one - 1.6%. Seed soaking seed before sowing takes place and cotton fertilization during budding contributed to more intensive growth and greater productivity. The yield of cotton in the control was 33.1 C/ha, in experimental versions - 37.5-39.3 C/ha. Processing of seeds with trace elements before sowing activates seed germination, accelerates the phenophase start and leads to early cotton boll bursting (up to 32%) compared to the control. Secondary seed tillage with compounds of cobalt and copper of different ligands nature increases the yield to 6.2 C/ha due to reducing the early fall of cotton boll. Under the influence of trace elements, the hydrolytic breakdown of proteins increases. Copper-12 and cobalt-34 24 hours later after seed soaking accelerate the breakdown of proteins, which have 11 and 12 electrophoretic albinotic bands against 13. In these variants, the breakdown of albinotic substances into simpler ones (amino acids, ammonia, etc.) contributes to the germination of cotton seeds. After the second day of soaking cotton seeds in all variants, there is a quantitative decrease in electrophoretic protein bands especially in ones containing Copper-12 and cobalt 8. Seed soaking for a period of 72 hours accelerates the breakdown of proteins from 13 to 7 electrophoretic lbinotic bands, while there is increased seed germination. Soaking cotton seeds for more than 24 hours reduces the quality of the seed, increases the breakdown of protein substances that are vigorously spent on cotton germination, which makes difficult to sow, damaging a large number of seeds. 24-hour soaking of cotton seed is recommended to get early and good shoots.

The purpose of the study is developing a structural scheme for the operation of a pneumatic seeding unit. Seeding down is one of the main technological processes determining the final result of total field operations targeted at the cultivation of grains. It is possible to determine the influence of various factors, including design solutions, on the quality performance of the sowing unit by developing and analyzing its structural scheme of functioning. Based on the analysis of constructive-technological scheme of the machine-tractor unit for grains sowing, conditions of work, textural composition and physical and mechanical properties of seed and fertilizer structural diagram of the functioning of the sowing unit with pneumatically operated seeder was developed. The analysis of the structural scheme of functioning of the sowing unit allowed revealing main directions of improvement of qualitative and quantitative indicators of seeding. Improving the accuracy of seeding is determined by setting the seeding machine to a given seeding rate, taking into regard compensation for wheel slippage. The improved uniformity of seeding in rows may account for the improvement of the design of rail line (from the ejector to the distributor) and reduction of the ripple of the sown material from that meter, as well as the partial smoothing of the motion of seed in the pneumatic system of the drill. Reducing seed injury is possible due to the improving the design of the sowing apparatus, reducing the speed mode of the air concentrated product flow, improving the design of the pneumatic system in terms of preventing frontal impacts of particles on the walls of the pneumatic system. Improving the uniformity of seeding in a row is determined by the design of the Coulter group and its compliance with the speed mode of the seeder operation, subject to the permissible values of the air outlet speed from the Coulter.

The purpose of the research is to provide a morphological justification of the effectiveness of cell products in Achilles tendon rupture. Autologous drugs have the highest biological safety among cellular drugs. Out of these, stromal-vascular cells and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that have the ability to support themselves, differentiate into different cell types, and mobilize the reparative process in tissues have been positively recommended for clinical practice. Almost there’s no information about the dynamic morphological process control and reparations in their application. The impact of stromal-vascular fraction of rat adipose tissue on the regenerative process in the healing of the defect, which is expressed in reducing the risk of recurrence, peaceful architectonics fibers shaped dense connective tissue and activate the formation and maturation of granulation tissue have been evaluated. Based on the data on the positive effect of the studied cell product on the regeneration of the Achilles tendon, scientifically grounded its feasibility and use in veterinary medicine. The experimental model of the study is a fancy rat (n=20). The material for the study is the Achilles tendon. A set of methods including anatomical dissection, experimental modeling, and histological examination of Achilles tendon biopsies have been used. It was revealed that in experimental animals which were injected with this cell product, micromorphological transformations of connective tissue were detected, aimed affected the fibroarchitectonics and thickening of bundles of collagen fibers. The stimulating effect of the stromal-vascular fraction on the reparative process of the Achilles tendon defect is expressed in a greater degree of vascularization of the tissue and an increase in the number of fibroblasts in groups of experimental animals, while in animals of the control group, the regulating of fibers is disturbed, which contributes to the recurrences.