Variant forms of autoimmune liver diseases


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The problem of existence of variant forms of autoimmune liver diseases is discussed. It is clear that cross syndromes are identified in some such patients, whereas the existence of sequential syndromes with the change of forms of autoimmune liver injury is placed in question; and a dispute over the existence of autoimmune cholangitis is continuing. Cross syndromes require a specific approach to diagnosis and treatment. Combined pathogenetic therapy with immunosuppressive and anticholestatic drugs can lead to the change of prognosis in this category of patients.

References

  1. Czaja AJ. Autoimmune hepatitis. Evolving concepts and treatment strategies. Dig Dis Sci 1995;40:435-56.
  2. Kaplan MM. Primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1570-80.
  3. Ponsioen CI, Tytgat GN. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a clinical review. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:515-23.
  4. Brunner G, Klinge O. Ein der chronich-destruirenden nicht-eitrigen Cholangitis ahnliches Krankheitsbild mit antinuclearen Antikorpern (Immuncholangitis). Dtsch Med Wschr 1987;112:1454-58.
  5. Michieletti P, Bassendine MF, Heathcote EJ, et al. Antimitichondrial antibody negative primary biliary cirrhosis or autoimmune cholangitis? Hepatology 1992;16:568. Citation №218 in the Biennial scientific meeting and postgraduate course, June 3-6, 1992, Brighton, United Kingdom.
  6. Fussey SP, Guest JR, James OF, et al. Identification and analysis of the major M2 autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:8654-58.
  7. Gershwin ME, Mackay IR, Sturgess A, et al. Identification and specificity of a cDNA encoding the 70 kD mitochondrial antigen recognised in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Immunol 1987;138:3525-31.
  8. Berg PA, Klein R. Mitochondrial antigen/antibody systems in primary biliary cirrhosis: revisited. Liver 1995;15:281-92.
  9. Mutimer DJ, Fussey SP, Yeaman SJ, et al. Frequency of IgG and IgM autoantibodies to four specific M2 mitochondrial autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1989;10:403-07.
  10. Fussey SP, Ali ST, Guest JR, et al. Reactivity of primary biliary cirrhosis sera with Escherichia coli dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2p): characterisation of the main immunogenic region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:3987-91.
  11. Sherlock S, Scheuer PJ. The presentation and diagnosis of 100 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1973;289:674-78.
  12. Lacerda MA, Ludwig J, Dickson ER, et al. Antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:247-49.
  13. Invernizzi P, Crosignani A, Battezzati PM, et al. Comparison of the clinical features and clinical course of antimitochondrial antibody-positive and -negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1997;25:1090-95.
  14. Kim WR, Poterucha JJ, Jorgensen RA, et al. Does antimitochondrial antibody status affect response to treatment in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis? Hepatology 1997;26:22-26.
  15. Michieletti P, Wanless IR, Katz A, et al. Antimitochondrial antibody negative primary biliary cirrhosis: a distinct syndrome of autoimmune cholangitis. Gut 1994;35:260-65.
  16. Kitami N, Komada T, Ishii H, et al. Immunological study of anti-M2 in antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Intern Med 1995;34:496-501.
  17. Nakanuma Y, Harada K, Kaji K, et al. Clinicopathological study of primary biliary cirrhosis negative for antimitochondrial antibodies. Liver 1997;17:281-87.
  18. Miyakawa H, Tanaka A, Kikuchi K, et al. Detection of antimitochon drial autoantibodies in immunofluorescent AMA-negative patients with primary biliary cirrhosis using recombinant autoantigens. Hepatology 2001;34:243-48.
  19. Tsuneyama K, Van De Water J, Van Thiel D, et al. Abnormal expression of PDC-E2 on the apical surface of biliary epithelial cells in patients with antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1995;22:1440-46.
  20. Van de Water J, Turchany J, Leung PS, et al. Molecular mimicry in primary biliary cirrhosis. Evidence for biliary epithelial exspression of a molecule cross-reactive with piruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2. J Clin Invest 1993;91:2653-64.
  21. O'Donohue J, Williams R. Antimitochondrial antibody and primary biliary cirrhosis: can there be one without the other? J Hepatol 1996;25:574-77.
  22. Goodman ZD, McNally PR, Davis DR, et al. Autoimmune cholangitis: a variant of primary biliary cirrhosis. Clinicopathologic and serologic correlations in 200 cases. Dig Dis Sci 1995;40:1232-42.
  23. Christensen E, Crowe J, Doniach D, et al. Clinical pattern and course of disease in primary biliary cirrhosis based on an analysis of 236 cases. Gastroenterology 1980;78:236-46.
  24. Remmel T, Piirsoo A, Koiveer A, et al. Clinical significance of different antinuclear antibodies patterns in the course of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 1996;43:1135-40.
  25. Kaserer K, Exner M, Mosberger I, et al. Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in autoimmune cholangitis. A morphological and immunhistochemical study. Virchows Arch 1998;432:217-22.
  26. Kaserer K, Sedivy R, Mosberger I, et al. Charakterisierung des Entzundungszellinfiltrats bei Autoimmun-Cholangitis: Eine Immunhistochemische Studie. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 1996;80:272-75.
  27. Salo J, Caballeria L, Bruguera M, et al. Cholangitis autoinmune o cirrosis biliar primaria sin anticuerpos antimitocondriales? Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997;20:5-10.
  28. Heathcote J. Autoimmune cholangitis. Gut 1997;40:440-42.
  29. Taylor SL, Dean PJ, Riely CA. Primary autoimmune cholangitis. An alternative to antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Surg Pathol 1994;18:91-99.
  30. Czaja AJ. Frequency and nature of the variant syndromes of autoimmune liver disease. Hepatology 1998;28:360-65.
  31. Czaja AJ. The variant forms of autoimmune hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:588-98.
  32. Poupon R. Autoimmune overlapping syndromes. Clin Liver Dis 2003;7:865-78.
  33. Beuers U, Rust C. Overlap syndromes. Semin Liver Dis 2005;25:311-20.
  34. Burak KW, Urbanski SJ, Swain MG. A case of coexisting primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a new overlap of autoimmune liver diseases. Dig Dis Sci 2001;46:2043-47.
  35. Kloppel G, Seifert G, Lindner H, et al. Histopathological features in mixed types of chronic aggressive hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Correlations of liver histology with mitochondrial antibodies of different specificity. Virch Arch Pathol Anat Histol 1977;373:143-60.
  36. Okuno T, Seto Y, Okanoue T, et al. Chronic active hepatitis with histological features of primary biliary cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 1987;32:775-79.
  37. Davis PA, Leung P, Manns M, et al. M4 and M9 antibodies in the overlap syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis: epitopes or epiphenomena? Hepatology 1992;16:1128-36.
  38. Duclos-Vallee JC, Hadengue A, Ganne-Carrie N, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome. Corticoresistance and effective treatment by cyclosporine A. Dig Dis Sci 1995;40:1069-73.
  39. Chazouilleres O, Wendum D, Serfaty L, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: clinical features and response to therapy. Hepatology 1998;28:296-301.
  40. Colombato LA, Alvarez F, Cote J, et al. Autoimmune cholangiopathy: the result of consecutive primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis? Gastroenterology 1994;107:1839-43.
  41. Silveira MG, Talwalkar JA, Angulo P, et al. Overlap of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: longterm outcomes. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1244-50.
  42. Joshi S, Cauch-Dudek K, Wanless IR, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis with additional features of autoimmune hepatitis: response to therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 2002;35:409-13.
  43. Ben-Ari Z, Czaja AJ. Autoimmune hepatitis and its variant syndromes. Gut 2001;49:589-94.
  44. Lohse AW, zum Buschenfelde KH, Franz B, et al. Characterization of the overlap syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis: evidence for it being a hepatitic form of PBC in genetically susceptible individuals. Hepatology 1999;29:1078-84.
  45. Chazouilleres O, Wendum D, Serfaty L, et al. Long term outcome and response to therapy of primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome. J Hepatol 2006;44:400-06.
  46. Li CP, Tong MJ, Hwang SJ, et al. Autoimmune cholangitis with features of autoimmune hepatitis: successful treatment with immunosuppressive agents and ursodeoxycholic acid. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15:95-98.
  47. McNair AN, Moloney M, Portmann BC, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis overlapping with primary sclerosing cholangitis in five cases. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:777-84.
  48. van Buuren HR, van Hoogstraten HJE, Terkivatan T, et al. High prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis among patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 2000;33:543-48.
  49. Gregorio GV, Portmann B, Karani J, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis/sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome in childhood: a 16-year prospective study. Hepatology 2001;33:544-53.
  50. Kaya M, Angulo P, Lindor KD. Overlap of autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: an evaluation of a modified scoring system. J Hepatol 2000;33:537-42.
  51. Floreani A, Rizzotto ER, Ferrara F, et al. Clinical course and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis/primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1516-22.
  52. Wurbs D, Klein R, Terracciano LM, et al. A 28-year-old woman with a combined hepatitic/cholestatic syndrome (clinical conference0. Hepatology 1995;22:1598-605.
  53. Gohlke F, Lohse AW, Dienes HP, et al. Evidence for an overlap syndrome of autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 1996;24:699-705.
  54. Minak G, Sutherland LR, Pappas C, et al. Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (lupoid hepatitis) and primary sclerosing cholangitis in two young adult females. Can J Gastroenterol 1988;2:22-27.
  55. Abdo AA, Bain VG, Kichian K, et al. Evolution of autoimmune hepatitis to primary sclerosing cholangitis: A sequential syndrome. Hepatology 2002;36:1393-99.
  56. Rust C, Beuers U. Medical treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2005;28:135-45.
  57. Beuers U, Spengler U, Kruis W, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology 1992;16:707-714.
  58. Stiehl A, Walker S, Stiehl L, et al. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis. A 3-year pilot study with a placebo-controlled study period. J Hepatol 1994;20:57-64.
  59. Lindor KD. Ursodiol for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mayo Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Ursodeoxycholic Acid Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997;336:691-65.
  60. Mitchell SA, Bansi DS, Hunt N, et al. A preliminary trial of high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 2001;121:900-07.
  61. Cullen SN, Rust C, Flemming K, et al. High dose ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis is safe and effective. J Hepatol 2008;48:792-800.
  62. http://www.pharmateca.ru/cgi-bin/statyi.pl?sid=2199&mid=1085056570&magid=165

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies