MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM: MODERN CONCEPTS AND REVIEW OF TREATMENT OPTIONS


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

The review of modern methods of treatment of infection caused by molluscum contagiosum was carried out. The most appropriate therapeutic approach largely depends on the clinical situation and prevalence of molluscum contagiosum. Conservative treatment with the use of various creams, ointments, and solutions is not always effective and often helps only with single or small newly appeared elements. None of the methods of topical therapy has showed reliable results compared with placebo, but can be used as a test variant, especially if the patients and/or their parents categorically refuse a mechanical removal. The most effective methods include curettage, or mechanical removal of molluscum contagiosum, which is well tolerated with adequate local anesthesia. It is noted that expectant management is not justified, because most often, the elements spread to other areas of the skin by virus autoaculation due to injuries and friction.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

N. S Sirmays

Institute of Advanced Training of the FMBA

Email: Natsirmais@mail.ru
PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology

T. V Rubasheva

Institute of Advanced Training of the FMBA

V. P Kovalyk

Institute of Advanced Training of the FMBA

References

  1. Brown I,.Janniger C.K.,Schwartz R.A., Silverberg N.B. Childhood molluscum ontagiosum. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45(2):93-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02737.x.
  2. Scholz J., Rosen-Wolff A., Bugert J., et al. Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum using genetic analysis of the viral DNA. J Med Virol. 1989;27(2):87-90.
  3. Laxmisha C., Thappa D.M., Jaisankar T.J. Clinical profile of molluscum contagiosum in children versus adults. Dermatol Online J. 2003;9(5):1.
  4. Dohil M.A., Lin P., Lee J., et al. The epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006Jan. 54(1):47-54. Doi: 10.1016/j. jaad.2005.08.035.
  5. Berger E.M., Orlow S.J., Patel R.R., Schaffer J.V. Experience with Molluscum Contagiosum and associated Inflammatory Reactions in pediatric dermatology practice: The bump That Rashes. Arch. Dermatol. 2012;148(11):1257-64. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2012.2414.
  6. Zichichi L., Maniscaico M., The challenges of neglected STI: Molluscum contagiosum. G. Itai. Dermatol. Venereoi. 2012;147(5):447-53.
  7. Ahn B.K., Kim B.D., Lee S.J., Lee S.H. Molluscum contagiosum infection during the treatment of vitiligo with tacrolimus ointment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52(3 Pt 1):532-33.
  8. Fery-Blanco C., Pelletier F., Humbert P., Aubin F. Disseminated molluscum contagiosum during topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with tacrolimus: efficacy of cidofovir. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2007;134 (5 Pt 1):457-59.
  9. Choong K.Y., Roberts L.J. Molluscum contagiosum, swimming and bathing: a clinical analysis. Australas J Dermatol. 1999;40(2):89-92,
  10. Connell C.O., Oranje A., Van Gysel D., Silverberg N.B. Congenital molluscum contagiosum: report of four cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol. 2008;25(5):553-56. Doi:10.1111/ j.1525-1470.2008.00730.x.
  11. Freeman C.L., Moriarty A.T. Molluscum contagiosum presenting as cellulitis in an AIDS patient: cytologic and ultrastructural features. Diagn Cytopathol. 199;12(4):345-49.
  12. Rush J., Dinulos J.G. Childhood skin and soft tissue infections: new discoveries and guidelines regarding the management of bacterial soft tissue infections, molluscum contagiosum, and warts. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016;28(2):250-57. Doi: 10.1097/ MOP0000000000000334.
  13. Nguyen H.P., Franz E., Stiegel K.R., et al. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum in adult, pediatric, and immunodeficient populations. J Cutan Med Surg. 2014;18(5):299-306.
  14. Romiti R., Ribeiro A.P., Grinblat B.M., et al. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with potassium hydroxide: a clinical approach in 35 children. Pediatr Dermatol. 1999;16(3):228-31.
  15. Romiti R., Ribeiro A.P., Romiti N. Evaluation of the effectiveness of 5% potassium hydroxide for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. Pediatr Dermatol. 2000;17(6):495.
  16. Van der Wouden J.C., van der Sande R., van Suijlekom-Smit L.W., Berger M., Butler C., Koning S. Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;7(4):CD004767.
  17. Katz K.A., Swetman G.L. Imiquimod, molluscum, and the need for a better "best pharmaceuticals for children" act. Pediatrics. 2013;132(1):1-3. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-0116.
  18. Katz K.A. Dermatologists, imiquimod, and treatment of molluscum contagiosum in children: righting wrongs. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(2):125-26. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3335.
  19. Katz K.A. Imiquimod is not an effective drug for molluscum contagiosum. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(5):372-73. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70728-5
  20. Guzman A.K., Schairer D.O., Garelik J.L., Cohen S.R. Safety and efficacy of topical cantharidin for the treatment of pediatric molluscum contagiosum: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Int J Dermatol. 2018;57(8):1001-6.
  21. Go U., Nishimura-Yagi M., Miyata K., Mitsuishi T. Efficacy of combination therapies of topical 5% imiquimod and liquid nitrogen for penile molluscum contagiosum. J Dermatol. 2018 Apr 18. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.14319.
  22. Ross G.L., Orchard D.C. Combination topical treatment of molluscum contagiosum with cantharidin and imiquimod 5% in children: a case series of 16 patients. Australas J Dermatol. 2004;45(2):100-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2004.00066.x.
  23. Mathes E.F., Frieden I.J. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with cantharidin: a practical approach. Pediatr Ann. 2010;39(3):124-28, 130. https:// doi.org/10.3928/00904481-20100223-03
  24. Silverberg N.B., Sidbury R., Mancini A.J. Childhood molluscum contagiosum: experience with cantharidin therapy in 300 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43(3):503-7. Doi: 10.1067/ mjd.2000.106370.
  25. Cathcart S., Coloe J., Morrell D.S. Parental satisfaction, efficacy, and adverse events in 54 patients treated with cantharidin for molluscum contagiosum infection. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2009;48(2):161-65. Doi:10.1177/ 0009922808326085.
  26. Potassium hydroxide 5% for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. Drug Ther Bull. 2014;52(10):118-20. Doi: 10.1136/ dtb.2014.10.0285.
  27. Hicks C.B., Myers S.A., Giner J. Resolution of intractable molluscum contagiosum in a human immunodeficiency virus infected patient after institution of anti-retroviral therapy with ritonavir. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:1023-25.
  28. Dohil M., Prendiville J.S. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with oral cimetidine: clinical experience in 13 patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 1996;13:310-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1996. tb01247.x.
  29. Zimmerman E.E., Crawford P Cutaneous cryosurgery. Am. Fam. Physician. 2012;86(12): 1118-24.
  30. Martin-Garcia R.F., Garcia M.E., Rosado A. Modified curettage technique for molluscum contagiosum. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24(2):192-94.
  31. Simonart T., De Maertelaer V. Curettage treatment for molluscum contagiosum: a follow-up survey study. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(5):1144-47. http://reference.medscape.com/medline/ abstract/17461823
  32. Binder B., Weger W., Komericki P., Kopera D. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with a pulsed dye laser: Pilot study with 19 children. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008;6(2):121-25.
  33. Chatproedprai S., Suwannakarn K., Wananukul S., et al. Efficacy of pulsed dyed laser (585 nm) in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum subtype 1. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2007;38(5):849-54
  34. Hammes S., Greve B., Raulin C. Molluscum contagiosum: treatment with pulsed dye laser. Hautarzt. 2001;52(1):38-42.
  35. Hughes P.S. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with the 585-nm pulsed dye laser. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24(2):229-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04141.x.
  36. Michel J.L. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with 585 nm collagen remodeling pulsed dye laser. Eur J Dermatol. 2004;14(2):103-6.
  37. Hanna D., Hatami A., Powell J., et al. A prospective randomized trial comparing the efficacy and adverse effects of four recognized treatments of molluscum contagiosum in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006;23(6):574-79.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML

Copyright (c) 2018 Bionika Media

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies