Prevention of blindness in diabetes mellitus. From retinal laser coagulation to pharmacology


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

To date, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has already reached the level of a non-infectious pandemic. With an increase in the prevalence of diabetes, the number of associated complications, including ophthalmic ones, is increasing. Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are the main cause of vision loss among the working-age population. Understanding of the pathogenetic processes underlying the ophthalmological complications of diabetes determines the importance of early diagnosis and the need for timely treatment aimed at maintenance of visual functions. This review provides practical information on the management of patients with diabetic retinal lesions and describes the historical way of changing the paradigm of treating diabetic macular edema from retinal laser coagulation to the current gold standard - antiangiogenic therapy.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

Fedor E. Shadrichev

Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University; City Consultative and Diagnostic Center № 1, St. Petersburg Territorial Diabetes Center

Email: shadrichev_dr@mail.ru
PhD, Head of the Ophthalmology Department, St. Petersburg Territorial Diabetes Center St. Petersburg, Russia

T. Yu. Demidova

Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Department of Endocrinology, Faculty Moscow, Russia

N. N Grigorieva

City Consultative and Diagnostic Center № 1, St. Petersburg Territorial Diabetes Center; St. Petersburg State University

St. Petersburg, Russia

A. A Kozhevnikov

Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Department of Endocrinology, Faculty Moscow, Russia

References

  1. Global report on diabetes. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2018, 88 с. Лицензия: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. [World Health Organization. Global Report on Diabetes. Geneva: WHO, 2018. (In Russ.)].
  2. International Diabetes Federation. Atlas of diabetes. 8th ed. Brussels: IDF, 2017.
  3. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas Brussels, Belgium Int. Diabetes Fed. 8th ed. 2017.
  4. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К. и др. Сахарный диабет в Российской Федерации: распространенность, заболеваемость, смертность по данным федерального регистра сахарного диабета, статус 2017 г Сахарный диабет. 2018,21,3:144-59. doi: 10.14341/DM9686.
  5. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К. Эпидемиология сахарного диабета в Российской Федерации: клиникостатистический анализ по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета. Сахарный диабет. 2017;20(1):13-41. doi: 10.14341/DM8664.
  6. Lee R., Wong TY, Sabanayagam C. Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss. Eye Vis (Lond). 2015;2:17.
  7. Шадричев Ф.Е., Шкляров Е.Б., Григорьева Н.Н. Скрининг диабетической ретинопатии: от офтальмоскопии к цифровому фотографированию. Офтальмологические ведомости. 2009;2(4):19-30.
  8. Miller K., Fortun J.A. Diabetic macular edema: current understanding, pharmacologic treatment options and developing therapies. Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol. 2018;7:28-35. Romero-Aroca Ft, Baget-Bernaldiz M., Fareja-Rios A, et al. Diabetic macular edema pathophysiology: vasogenic versus inflammatory. J Diabet Res. 2016,2016:17.
  9. Amoaku W.M., Saker S., Stewart E.A. A review of therapies for diabetic macular oedema and rationale for combination therapy. Eye (Lond). 2015;29:1115-30.
  10. Majumder S., Advani A. VEGF and the diabetic kidney: More than too much of a good thing. J Diabet Complicat. 2017;31(1):273- 79. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.020.
  11. Wolfensberger T.J., Hamilton A.M. Diabetic retinopathy - an historical review. Semin Ophthalmol. 2001;16(1):2-7. Doi: 10.1076/ soph.16.1.2.4220.
  12. Shah A.R., Gardner T.W. Diabetic retinopathy: research to clinical practice. Clin Diabet Endocrinol BioMed Central. 2017;3(1):9. Doi: 10.1186/ s40842-017-0047-y.
  13. Kalantzis G., Angelou M., Foulakou-Rebelakou E. Diabetic retinopathy: an historical assessment. Hormones (Athens). 2006;5(1):72-5. doi: 10.14310/horm.2002.11172.
  14. Michaelson I.C. The mode of development of the vascular system of the retina, with some observations on its significance for certain retinal diseases Trans Ophthalmol. Soc UK. 1948; 68:137-80.
  15. Keane P.A., et al. Development of Anti-VEGF Therapies for Intraocular Use: A Guide for Clinicians. J Ophthalmol. 2012;2012:483034. doi: 10.1155/2012/483034.
  16. Ashton N. Retinal neovascularization in health and disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1957;44:7-22.
  17. Folkman M.J., Long D.M., Becker F.F. Tumor growth in organ culture. Surg Forum. 1962;13:164.
  18. Ferrara N., Henzel W.J. Pituitary follicular cells secrete a novel heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells Biochem Bioph Res Co. 1989;161:851-58. doi: 10.1016/0006-291X(89)92678-8.
  19. Schmidt-Erfurth U., Garcia-Arumi J., Bandello F., et al. Guidelines for the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA). Ophthalmol. 2017;237(4):185-222. doi: 10.1159/000458539.
  20. Porta M., Kohner E.M., Screening for diabetic retinopathy in Europe. Diabet Med. 1991; 8:197-98.
  21. Joussen A.M., Gardner T.W., Kirchhof B., et al. Retinal Vascular desease. Germany: Springer, 2007. 778 p.
  22. Klein R., Klein B.E.K., Moss S.E., et al. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102:520-26.
  23. Klein R., Klein B.E.K., Moss S.E., et al. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: Hi. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102:527-32.
  24. Lim L.S., Wong TY Lipids and diabetic retinopathy. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12:93-105.
  25. Xu J., Wei W.B., Yuan M.X., et al. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: the Beijing Communities Diabetes Study 6. Retina. 2012;32:322-29.
  26. Yau J.W, Rogers S.L., Kawasaki E., et al. MetaAnalysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group. Global prevalence and majority risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabet Care. 2012; 35:556-64.
  27. Diabetes Control and Complication Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complication in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:977-86.
  28. Diabetes Control and Complication Trial Research Group. The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA]c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complication Trial. Diabet. 1995;44:968-83.
  29. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS33). Lancet. 1998;352:837-53.
  30. Keech A.C., Mitchell P., Summanen P.A., et al. FIELD study investigators. Effect of fenofibrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FiELD study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370:1687-97.
  31. ACCORD Study Group; ACCORD Study Eye Group, Chew EY et al. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes. N. Enl. J. Med. 2010;363:233-44.
  32. Solomon S.D., et al. Diabetic retinopathy: A position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. Am Diabet Ass. 2017;40(3):412-18. doi: 10.2337/dc16-2641.
  33. Kawasaki R., et al. Risk of cardiovascular diseases is increased even with mild diabetic retinopathy: The Japan diabetes complications study. Ophthalmol. Elsevier. 2013;120(3):574-82. Doi: 10.1016/j. ophtha.2012.08.029.
  34. Kramer C.K., et al. Diabetic retinopathy predicts all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in both type 1 and 2 diabetes: Meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetes Care. Am Diabet Ass. 2011;34(5):1238-44. doi: 10.2337/dc11-0079.
  35. Romero-Aroca P., et al. Glomerular filtration rate and/or ratio of urine albumin to creatinine as markers for diabetic retinopathy: A ten-year follow-up study. J Diabet Res. Hindawi. 2018;1-9. doi: 10.1155/2018/5637130.
  36. Kimmelstiel P., Wilson M.B. intercapillary lesions in the glomeruli of the kidney. Am J Pathol. 1936;12:83-98.
  37. Schwartz M.M., et al. Renal pathology patterns in type ii diabetes mellitus: relationship with retinopathy. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1998;13(10): 2547-52. Doi: 10.1093/ ndt/13.10.2547.
  38. Gupta N. Diabetic Retinopathy and VEGF. Open Ophthalmol. J Bentham Sci. Publish. 2013;7(1):4-10. doi: 10.2174/1874364101307010004.
  39. Nakagawa T., et al. Uncoupling of VEGF with endothelial NO as a potential mechanism for abnormal angiogenesis in the diabetic nephropathy. J Diabet Res. 2013. 1-7. doi: 10.1155/2013/184539.
  40. Hanefeld M., et al. Serum and Plasma Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors in Relation to Quality of Glucose Control, Biomarkers of inflammation, and Diabetic Nephropathy. Horm Metab Res. 2016;48(8):529-34. Doi: 10.1055/ s-0042-106295.
  41. Диагностика и лечение диабетической ретинопатии и диабетического макулярного отека. Клинические рекомендации. Общероссийская общественная организация «Ассоциация врачей-офтальмологов». М., 2013
  42. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Сахарный диабет 2017;20(Suppl. 1):1-112. doi: 10.14341/DM20171S8.
  43. Klein R., Klein B.E.K. Are individuals with diabetes seeing better?: a long-term epidemiological perspective. Diabetes. Am Diabet Ass. 2010;59(8):1853-60. doi: 10.2337/db09- 1904.
  44. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ. Br Med J Publish. Group. 1998;317(7160):703-13. Doi:10.1136/ bmj.317.7160.703.
  45. Шадричев Ф.Е. Диабетическая ретинопатия и макулярный отек. Алгоритмы диагностики и лечения клинически значимых форм. Фарматека. 2012;16:34-41.
  46. Шадричев Ф.Е. Протокол офтальмологического ведения больных сахарным диабетом. Офтальмологические ведомости. 2008;1(2):54-61.
  47. Simo R., Ballarini S, Cunha-Vaz J. Non-Traditional Systemic Treatments for Diabetic Retinopathy: An Evidence-Based Review. Curr Med Chemistry. 2015;22:2580-89.
  48. Antonetti D.A., Klein R., Gardner T.W. Diabetic Retinopathy. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(13):1227-39. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra10050 73.
  49. Stehouwer C.D.A. Microvascular dysfunction and hyperglycemia: A vicious cycle with widespread consequences. Diabetes. Am Diabet Ass. 2018;67(9)1729-41. Doi: 0.2337/dbi17-0044.
  50. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy ETDRS report No 9. Ophthalmol. 1991;98:766-85.
  51. Астахов Ю.С., Шадричев Ф.Е., Лисочкина А.Б. Лазеркоагуляция сетчатки при лечении диабетической ретинопатии. Клиническая офтальмология. 20004;1(1):15-8.
  52. Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Report No 8. Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clinical application of diabetic retinopathy study (DRS) findings. Ophthalmol. 1981;88:583-600.
  53. Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. indications for photocoagulation treatment of diabetic retinopathy. int Ophthalmol Clin. 1987;27:239-52.
  54. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) report No 1. Arch
  55. International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO). ICO Guidelines for Diabetic Eye Care. Int. Counc Ophthalmol. 2017.
  56. American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina/ Vitreous Panel. Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines. Diabetic Retinopathy. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2017.
  57. Астахов Ю.С., Шадричев Ф.Е., Красавина М.И., Григорьева Н.Н. Современные подходы к лечению диабетического макулярного отека. Офтальмологические ведомости. 2009; 2(4):59-69.
  58. Boyer D.S., Yoon Y., Belfort R., Jr., et al. Ozurdex MEAD Study Group. Three-year, randomized, sham-controlled trial of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmol. 2014;121:1904-14.
  59. Инструкция по применению лекарственного препарата для медицинского применения ЭЙЛЕА® (ЛП-003544 от 10.12.2018). [Instructions for use of the medicinal product for medical use EYLEA® (LP-003544 from 10.12.2018). (In Russ.)].
  60. Brown D.M., Nguyen Q.D., Marcus D.M., et al.; RIDE and RISE Research Group. Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for diabetic macular edema: the 36-month results from two phase III trials: RISE and RIDE. Ophthalmol. 2013;120(10):2013-22.
  61. Massin P, Bandello F., Garweg J.G., et al. Safety and efficacy of ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema (RESOLVE Study): a 12-month, randomized, controlled, double-masked, multicenter phase II study. Diabet Care. 2010:33(11): 2399-405.
  62. Mitchell P., Bandello F., Schmidt-Erfurth U. The RESTORE study: ranibizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmol. 2011;118(4):615-25.
  63. Brown D.M., Schmidt-Erfurth U., Do D.V., et al. Intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema. 100 week results from the VISTA and VIVID studies. Ophthalmol. 2015;122(6):1-9.
  64. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Wells J.A., Glassman A.R., Ayala A.R. et al. Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1193-203.
  65. Wells J.A., Glassman A.R., Ayala A.R., et al. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema: Two-Year Results from a Comparative Effectiveness Randomized Clinical Trial. Ophthalmol. 2016;123:1351-59.
  66. Jampol L.M., Glassman A.R., Bressler N.M. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Comparative Effectiveness Trial for Diabetic Macular Edema: Additional Efficacy Post Hoc Analyses of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. Ophthalmol. 2016;134(12).
  67. Elman M.J., Aiello L.P., Beck R.W., et al. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Randomized trial evaluating ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmol. 2010;117(6):1064-77.
  68. Elman M.J., Qin H., Aiello L.P, et al. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: three-year randomized trial results. Ophthalmol. 2012;119(11):2312-18.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies