The state of the circulatory system and cardiohemodynamics in pregnant women with mild preeclampsia: a prospective, open, controlled study

Background. Preeclampsia, a multisystem disorder of pregnant women, remains one of the pressing problems of modern medicine. Objective. Evaluation of changes in the circulatory system and cardiohemodynamics in pregnant women with mild preeclampsia. Methods. A prospective, open, controlled parallel group case-control study was conducted. 150 women at the 30-34th week of gestation were examined. The main group consisted of 101 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia, the control group - 49 pregnant women with physiological pregnancy. Comprehensive ultrasound and dopplerometric blood flow assessment with determination of the parameters of the heart geometry were performed. Results. The indicators corresponded to the eccentric type of left ventricle geometry in 1 (0.6%) pregnant woman of the main group. In 20 (19.8%) pregnant women, concentric hypertrophy was revealed, which led to a decrease in the left ventricle contractility. In 39 (38.6%) pregnant women, left ventricle concentric remodeling was diagnosed. Such change was considered as the initial stage of the general pathogenetic process in response to an increase in the peripheral vascular resistance and increase in resistance vessel tone against the background of an increase in the total blood volume. 41 (40.6%) pregnant women of this group had the normal left ventricle geometry. Conclusion. Monitoring the maternal central hemodynamics and cardiohemodynamics allows to evaluate the type of heart geometry, predict possible hemodynamic complications, and monitor the effectiveness of the therapy without waiting for the progression of clinical manifestations.

preeclampsia, dopplerometry, criteria for heart geometry, left ventricular mass, left ventricular relative wall thickness