Clinical and mycological problems of the use of decorative cosmetics

Background. Onychomycosis is the most common pathology among all nail diseases. The frequency of complaints of mycotic lession of the nail plates is 5% of all visits to a dermatologist in Russia. The increase in the incidence of onychomycosis is partly due to the increased demand for nail salons. Attention is drawn to the danger posed by cosmetics intended for decorative coating of nail plates (NP). Objective. Evaluation of the spectrum of pathogens complicating the course of onychodystrophy induced by the use of shellac varnish with the development of recommendations for the treatment of complications caused by the use of shellac varnish. Methods. 29 patients who visited to a dermatologist with changes in the NP of the hands found after removing the shellac varnish were followed-up. All patients underwent microscopy with preliminary clearing of the material by the KOH method, inoculation of pathological material on Sabouraud’s medium. Results. 20 of 29 patients had multiple lesions (Z2) of NP and only 9 women had single lesions of the terminal phalanges of the hands. Nail damage with non-dermatomyceous filamentous fungi was detected more often than with classic dermatomycetes. Candidiasis lesions as a complication of the use of shellac varnish were less common. Conclusion Despite the increased popularity of nail salons, it is important to remember the threat hidden under the “mask" of nail coatings. A dermatologist should pay special attention to the health of the NP and conduct preventive examinations with preliminary removal of cosmetic coatings.

onychomycosis, nail service, gel polish, nail health