Cytogenetic analysis as a factor in the prevention of non-developing pregnancy

Background. Non-developing pregnancy (NDP) is one of the pressing problems of obstetrics and gynecology. Up to 20% of pregnancies end in spontaneous termination in the form of the NDP, and up to 80% of them result in reproductive losses in the first trimester of pregnancy. It remains relevant to study the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the cytogenetic status of abortions to identify not only the cause of NDP in a specific clinical case, but also the patterns of chromosomal mutagenesis in the population and assess its contribution to the development of reproductive losses in the population. Objective. Analysis of the results of a cytogenetic study of the abortive material of residents of Moscow and the Moscow region with non-develping pregnancies (NB) for the period from 2017 to 2021. Methods. The data of cytogenetic analysis of the abortive material of 1487 women carried out in the GEN-LAB laboratory by the assignment from clinics in Moscow and the Moscow region were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age varied widely: from 14 to 49 years, amounting to 33.4±5.5 years. Cytogenetic analysis was performed after preliminary tissue cultivation according to the standard method. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software package (Statsoft, USA). Results. The number of chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) was found to be age-dependent and associated with the early term of NDP. The largest number of CAs was accounted for by on women aged 35 to 40 years, while in the age group over 40 years, the proportion of abortuses with and without anomalies did not differ significantly. A significantly larger number of CAs was found in the abortive material of women with NDP at the gestational age up to 12 weeks. The frequency of CAs did not significantly differ depending on the type of pregnancy: natural or as a result of in vitro fertilization. The largest difference depending on the patient age were related to the proportion of trisomies and triploidies: if the former were more often detected in women of late reproductive age (35 years and older), then the latter were more typical for abortions in women under 35 years of age. In women aged 45 years, a case of NDP with a probability of 50% is associated with the presence of at least one trisomy. At the age of 30, this probability is 30%. Conclusion. CAs in abortive material of women with NDP are detected in 51.2% of cases, numerical abnormalities prevail over structural ones. It is advisable to use cytogenetic analysis at the early stages of pregnancy planning to identify factors that can provoke its abortion.

karyotype, non-developing pregnancy, chromosomal abnormalities