Neutrophil extracellular traps: a new perspective on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease


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Abstract

This review is aimed to the systematization of the available information about the phenomenon of NETosis (the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps) in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) serve as a physical barrier that prevents the spread of the inflammatory process, but in some cases they can exacerbate and potentiate it. It is known that an increased number of NETose networks is not specific for IBD, however, higher levels and qualitative features of proteins associated with neutrophil traps allow for a differential diagnosis both between organic and functional pathology, and within the IBD group. Excessive recruitment of neutrophils to the focus of inflammation leads to tissue damage due to the release of toxic products and reactive oxygen species. Patients with IBD are at increased risk for both primary and recurrent venous thromboembolism, as well as relatively high rates of cardiovascular morbidity. Injury to intestinal cells and intercellular junctions, leading to disruption of the epithelial barrier, is a critical feature in the pathophysiology of IBD, and disruption of the vascular endothelium leads to delayed healing of intestinal ulcers, which also aggravates the process of intestinal damage. The formation of NETs in bowel diseases is a relatively new area, which provides an opportunity to study the potential contribution of the neutrophil during this pathology. The purpose of this review is to clarify the degree of knowledge of the process of NETosis in inflammatory bowel diseases and to determine what issues require further close investigation for the development of new pathogenetically substantiated methods of diagnosis and treatment.

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About the authors

Dmitry G. Novikov

Omsk State Medical University

Email: novikov.dm.omsk@gmail.com
Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Central Scientific Research Laboratory

P. O Pakhtusova

Omsk State Medical University

A. N Zolotov

Omsk State Medical University

M. A Livzan

Omsk State Medical University

G. R Bikbavova

Omsk State Medical University

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