Drug-induced kidney stone disease


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Abstract

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a significant problem in clinical practice. The frequency of stone formation in the population is steadily increasing, and there is currently no evidence of the effectiveness of drug therapy in the prevention of this nosology. In addition, KSD is one of the leading reasons for hospital visits, which is associated with an extremely pronounced pain syndrome. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the modifiable etiological factors of this disease. One of these factors is drugs, in this case, the term «drug-induced» (DI) KSD is used. The drugs lead to KSD through two main mechanisms: crystallization in the urine and the effect on metabolism. The main culprit medications of this disease, include antiviral, antibacterial drugs and triamterene which crystallize in the urine. Medicines such as antiepileptic drugs, calcium and vitamin D supplements, and vitamin C lead to lithogenesis, affecting metabolic processes. The mainstay of treatment is the withdrawal of the culprit medication, an increase in fluid intake and modification of the diet. The same measures, as well as the correction of modifiable risk factors, are necessary for prevention. The uniqueness of the work carried out is that a comprehensive analysis of the DI KSD problem was carried out, a single table was created that includes the prevalence of this disorder against the background of taking various drugs, the mechanism of lithogenesis and the levels of evidence for each drug. In addition, this article is distinguished by a combination of analysis of the pharmacological and clinical aspects of the DI KSD problem.

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About the authors

A. I Listratov

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Moscow, Russia

O. D Ostroumova

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
Moscow, Russia

S. N Litvinova

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Moscow, Russia

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