Clinical efficacy of multi-dose vaccination against human papillomavirus infection in the Moscow region

Background. The effectiveness and safety of modern human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been proven in numerous foreign and domestic studies and are not in doubt. However, the lack of wide coverage of 2 or 3 doses of the vaccine preparation in the world for one reason or another prompted scientists to study the effectiveness of a single-dose vaccination scheme for women of different ages. In our work, we also proved the clinical effectiveness of vaccination of patients who received 1 or 2 doses of HPV vaccine 5–14 years ago.

Objective. Comparison of the clinical efficacy of different HPV immunization regimens in young women who started a vaccination course 5–14 years ago, but for some reason did not continue it, and in patients who received a full vaccination course.

Methods. For the study, anamnestic data and clinical and laboratory research methods were used: clinical picture, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) – diagnosis of HPV of high carcinogenic risk, as well as types 6 and 11 HPV, a cytological method for examining smears from the surface of the cervix and cervical canal and colposcopy.

Results. The data of the study showed that, regardless of the number of doses of vaccines received at a young age, over time, HPV vaccine types were not detected in any of the patients. In the comparison groups, no statistical difference was found in the parameters of cytological and colposcopic examinations. The majority of patients who received one to three doses of the vaccine at a young age had subsequent pregnancies in a natural cycle with a positive outcome with the birth of healthy children.

Conclusion. Regardless of the number of doses of HPV vaccines administered at a young age, there was a positive protective effect from vaccine strains of the virus in the future, which is consistent with world data. Taking into account the opinion of WHO, a change in the approach to vaccination in favor of single- or two-dose immunization regimens, both clinically sound and more cost-effective, is expected in the near future, which is important for increasing coverage of young girls.