The contribution of immunodiagnostics to the detection of tuberculosis in adults from a rural tuberculosis infection foci

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Abstract

Background: As tuberculosis incidence declines, screening risk groups, including contacts of adult tuberculosis patients from fa-mily, related, territorial, and industrial foci, is becoming increasingly important to prevent the spread of infection.

Objective: Evaluation of the contribution of immunodiagnostics to tuberculosis detection in adults from a rural tuberculosis infection foci.

Materials and methods: In the Omsk District of the Omsk Region, 23 tuberculosis infection foci (family, related, industrial, and territorial) were retrospectively analyzed in 2024. Of these, 12 were MBT+ (MDR-7) (2 were identified using the genotypic method), and 11 were MBT-(-). A total of 307 contacts were examined. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software package.

Results: In 2024, 59 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis were registered among adults in the Omsk District of the Omsk Region. A total of 23 tuberculosis infection sites were analyzed in detail, including 12 MBT (positive) sites and 11 MBT (negative) sites (11 territorial, 8 industrial, 3 familial, and 1 related). A total of 307 adults were examined. Tests with recombinant tuberculosis allergen were administered to 91 individuals who had been in contact with tuberculosis (TB) patients, with results assessed after 72 hours (negative results in 61, doubtful results in 6, and positive results in 24). Chest X-rays revealed changes in 25 patients. Based on the results of the central medical advisory commission of the tuberculosis dispensary, 4 patients were diagnosed with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis.

Conclusion: The use of immunodiagnostics in screening contacts in tuberculosis infection sites allows to identify high-risk groups, involve them in additional testing, ensure timely diagnosis, or determine the timing of further follow-up.

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About the authors

Anna V. Mordyk

Omsk State Medical University

Email: amordik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6196-7256

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Phthisiology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases

Russian Federation, Omsk

Maria A. Romanova

Omsk State Medical University; Omsk Central District Hospital

Email: rmari1@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1775-607X

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases

Russian Federation, Omsk; Omsk

Natalya V. Bagisheva

Omsk State Medical University; Omsk Central District Hospital

Author for correspondence.
Email: ppi100@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3668-1023

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Outpatient Therapy and Internal Diseases

Russian Federation, Omsk; Omsk

Anna A. Shapran

Omsk State Medical University; Omsk Central District Hospital

Email: anna-shapran@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-6729-7116

Chief Physician

Russian Federation, Omsk; Omsk

Georgy V. Tretyakov

Omsk State Medical University

Email: gv.tretyakov58@gmail.com

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases

Russian Federation, Omsk

Tatiana A. Kolpakova

Novosibirsk State Medical University

Email: ppi100@mail.ru

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Phthisiology

Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

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