Drugs, the use of which is associated with the development of drug-induced kidney stone disease. Part 1

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a significant pathology in clinical practice. One of the most important causes of stone formation are drugs. Drugs lead to drug-induced (DI) KSD by crystallization in the urine and influence on various metabolic processes. Previously, triamterene was considered one of the leading stone formation inducers, but at present, the KSD against the background of the use of this drug has only historical significance. Sulfonamides were among the first drugs that led to lithogenesis, and have not lost their importance even now due to their widespread use in the treatment of complications of HIV infection, such as toxoplasmosis. To date, antiviral drugs, especially those used in the treatment of HIV infection, play the leading role as inducers of KSD. Most often, indinavir leads to nephrolithiasis, atazanavir and other drugs from this group play a slightly smaller role. Thus, HIV-infected patients may take several drugs that induce KSD. Clinically, DI KSD against the background of the use of these drugs most often manifests itself as a picture of a typical renal colic. Also, drugs that crystallize in the urine can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). For the diagnosis of stones containing the drug, it is possible to use ultrasound and CT. The basis of treatment is the abolition of the culprit medication, an increase in fluid intake, in some cases, surgical treatment is necessary. Prevention measures are the intake of additional volumes of fluid, the assessment of crystalluria in dynamics. The uniqueness of this review is that data on inducer drugs were combined from various sources and structured according to a single plan.

kidney stone disease, drugs, drug-induced kidney stone disease, adverse drug reactions, triamterene, sulfonamides, antiviral therapy, HIV infection