Hypersensitive pneumonitis: from etiology and pathogenesis to diagnosis and treatment


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The review presents the characteristics of environmental allergens that can initiate the development of hypersensitive pneumonitis (HP). The pathogenesis of HP is considered from the standpoint of immunocomplex and T-cell hypersensitivity resulting in development of interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia with granulomas and coexisting bronchiolitis. There are acute and chronic course of disease; wthin chronic course a fibrotic phenotype is distinguished. The etiological, pathogenetic and clinical features of the disease underlie the diagnostic algorithm: assessment of exposure, characteristic signs of computed tomography of the lungs, lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and, if necessary, pulmonary biopsy. Treatment is aimed at the main pathogenetic links of the HP and includes the elimination of the allergen, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antifibrotic therapy in the case of fibrotic variant.

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作者简介

Boris Chernyak

Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education

Email: ba.chemyak@gmail.com
Dr. Sci. (Med.)., Professor at the Department of Clinical Allergology and Pulmonology Irkutsk, Russia

I. Vorzheva

Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education

Department of Clinical Allergology and Pulmonology Irkutsk, Russia

I. Trofimenko

Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education

Department of Clinical Allergology and Pulmonology Irkutsk, Russia

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