The place and role of a therapist and general practitioner in the management of comorbid patients during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): an emphasis on nonspecific prevention


如何引用文章

全文:

开放存取 开放存取
受限制的访问 ##reader.subscriptionAccessGranted##
受限制的访问 订阅或者付费存取

详细

The National Consensus 2020 «Features of management of comorbid patients during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)» notes that the problem of managing comorbid patients in a pandemic requires an integrated approach aimed at optimal management of comorbid conditions both in patients who are in self-isolation with forced restrictions on visits to medical institutions, and in patients with COVID-19. The global clinical experience in the management of comorbid patients with a new coronavirus infection gained over the past year makes it possible to highlight a number of other pressing problems. This review addresses the issues of specific and non-specific prevention of COVID-19 using vitamin and mineral complexes, probiotics and rebamipide.

全文:

受限制的访问

作者简介

Dmitry Trukhan

Omsk State Medical University

Email: dmitry_trukhan@mail.ru
Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor at the Department of Outpatient Therapy and Internal Diseases Omsk, Russia

E. Davydov

Krasnoyarsk State Medical University n.a. Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky

Krasnoyarsk, Russia

参考

  1. Гриневич В.Б., Губонина И.В., Дощицин В.Л. и др. Особенности ведения коморбидных пациентов в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Национальный Консенсус, 2020. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2020;19(4):2630
  2. Сологуб Т.В.,Осиновец О.Ю. Иммуномодуляторы в комплексной терапии ОРВИ: возможности применения препарата галавит. Русский медицинский журнал. Медицинское обозрение. 2013;3(21):144-146
  3. Трухан Д.И., Филимонов С.Н. Дифференциальный диагноз основных пульмонологических симптомов и синдромов. ППб.: СпецЛит, 2019. 176 с
  4. Временные методические рекомендации «Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19)», версия 10 (08.02.2021), Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации. URL: https://static-.minzdrav.gov.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/054/662/original/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D 0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%A0_ COVID-19_%28v.10%29.pdf
  5. Tay M.Z., Poh C.M., Renia L., et al. The trinity of COVID-19: immunitY., inflammation and intervention. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(6):363-doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8.
  6. Blanco-Melo D., Nilsson-Payant B.E., Liu W.C., et al. Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19. Cell. 2020;181(5):1036-45.e9. Doi: 10.1016/j. cell.2020.04.026.
  7. Свистунов А.А., Махнач Г.К., Бунина Д.В. и др. Применение иммуномодулирующего препарата аминодигидрофталазиндиона натрия для предотвращения прогрессирования пневмонии при COVID-19. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(11):65-70.
  8. Трухан Д.И., Тарасова Л.В. Особенности клиники и лечения острых респираторных вирусных инфекций в практике врача-терапевта. Врач. 2014;8:4-7
  9. Лыткина И.Н., Малышев Н.А. Профилактика и лечение гриппа и острых респираторных вирусных инфекций среди эпидемиологически значимых групп населения. Клиническая инфектология и паразитология. 2015;2(13):11724
  10. Временные методические рекомендации «Порядок проведения вакцинации взрослого населения против COVID-19».URL: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/news/2021/07/02/16927-utverzhdeny-vremennye-metodicheskie-rekomendatsii-poryadok-provedeniya-vaktsinatsii-vzroslogo-naseleniya-protiv-covid-19
  11. Ершов Ф.И., Наровлянский А.Н., Мезенцева М.В. Ранние цитокиновые реакции при вирусных инфекциях. Цитокины и воспаление. 2004;1:1-6
  12. Трухан Д.И. Комплексная терапия воспалительных заболеваний дыхательных путей на этапе оказания первичной медико-санитарной помощи. Болезни органов дыхания. Приложение к журналу Consilium Medicum. 2015;1:40-50
  13. Трухан Д.И., Мазуров А.Л., Речапова Л.А. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции: актуальные вопросы диагностики, профилактики и лечения в практике терапевта. Терапевтический архив. 2016;11:76-82
  14. Трухан Д.И., Багишева Н.В., Мордык А.В., Небесная Е.Ю. Аминодигидрофталазиндион натрия в профилактике, лечении и реабилитации пациентов с заболеваниями органов дыхания. Consilium Medicum. 2021;2(3):296-303
  15. Pecora F., Persico F., Argentiero A., et al. The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3198. doi: 10.3390/nu12103198.
  16. Jayawardena R., Sooriyaarachchi P., Chourdakis M., et al. Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(4):367-82. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015.
  17. Galmes S., Serra F., Palou A. Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2738. doi: 10.3390/nu12092738.
  18. Camara M., Sanchez-Mata M.C., Fernandez-Ruiz V., et al. A Review of the Role of Micronutrients and Bioactive Compounds on Immune System Supporting to Fight against the COVID-19 Disease. Foods. 2021;10(5):1088. Doi: 10.3390/ foods10051088.
  19. Calder P.C. Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 2020;3(1):74-92. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000085.
  20. Shakoor H., Feehan J., Al Dhaheri A.S., et al. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas. 2021;143:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003.
  21. Kumar P., Kumar M., Bedi O., et al. Role of vitamins and minerals as immunity boosters in COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology. 2021 Jun 10:1-16. doi: 10.1007/s10787-021-00826-7.
  22. Subedi L., Tchen S., Gaire B.P., et al. Adjunctive Nutraceutical Therapies for COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(4):1963. Doi: 10.3390/ ijms22041963.
  23. Junaid K., Ejaz H., Abdalla A.E., et al. Effective Immune Functions of Micronutrients against SARS-CoV-2. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2992. doi: 10.3390/nu12102992.
  24. Nedjimi B. Can trace element supplementations (Cu, Se, and Zn) enhance human immunity against COVID-19 and its new variants? Beni Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2021;10(1):33. Doi: 10.1186/ s43088-021-00123-w.
  25. Alexander J., Tinkov A., Strand T.A., et al. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2358. doi: 10.3390/nu12082358.
  26. Iddir M., Brito A., Dingeo G., et al. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562. Doi: 10.3390/ nu12061562.
  27. Clemente-Suarez V.J., Ramos-Campo D.J., Mielgo-Ayuso J., et al. Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1924. doi: 10.3390/nu13061924.
  28. Akhtar S., Das J.K., Ismail T., et al. Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19. Nutr Rev. 2021;79(3):289-300. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa063.
  29. Di Renzo L., Gualtieri P., Pivari F., et al. COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):415. Doi: 10.1186/ s12967-020-02594-4.
  30. Mrityunjaya M., Pavithra V, Neelam R., et al. Immune-Boosting, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Food Supplements Targeting Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2020;1 1:570122. Doi: 10.3389/ fimmu.2020.570122.
  31. Vahid F., Rahmani D. Can an anti-inflammatory diet be effective in preventing or treating viral respiratory diseases? A systematic narrative review. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;43:9-15. Doi: 10.1016/j. clnesp.2021.04.009.
  32. Jovic T.H., Ali S.R., Ibrahim N., et al. Could Vitamins Eielp in the Fight Against COVID-19? Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2550. doi: 10.3390/nu12092550.
  33. Dharmalingam K., Birdi A., Tomo S., et al. Trace Elements as Immunoregulators in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2021:1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12291-021-00961-6.
  34. de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani C., Corgosinho F.C., Sanches F.F.Z., et al. Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutr Rev. 2021;79(4):382-93. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/ nuaa067
  35. Цинк, селен и витамин D. Как защищаться от COVID-19? Коронавирус COVID-19: Официальная информация о коронавирусе в России на портале - стопкоронавирус.рф. URL: https://xn--80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn--p1ai/news/20201024-1315.html
  36. Раn S.Y., Zhou J., Gibbons L., et al. Canadian Саnсеr Registries Epidemiology Research Group. Antioxidants and breast cancer risk- a population-based case-control study in Canada. ВМС Cancer. 2011 ;11:372. Doi: 10.1 186/1471-240711-372.
  37. Cui Z., Liu D., Liu С., Liu G. Serum selenium levels and prostate cancer risk: A MOOSE-compliant meta-analysis.Medic'me (Baltimore). 2017;96(5):е5944. Doi: 10.1097/ MD.0000000000005944.
  38. Terry P.D., Qig B., Camacho F. et al., Supplemental Selenium May Decrease Ovarian Cancer Risk in African-American Women J Nutr. 2017;147(4):621-27. Doi: 10.3945/ jn.116.2432 79.
  39. Moghaddam A., Heller R.A., Sun Q., et al. Selenium Deficiency Is Associated with Mortality Risk from COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):2098. doi: 10.3390/nu12072098.
  40. Bae M., Kim H. Mini-Review on the Roles of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Selenium in the Immune System against COVID-19. Molecules. 2020;25(22):5346. Doi: 10.3390/ molecules25225346.
  41. Bermano G., Mplan C., Mercer D.K., Hesketh J.E. Selenium and viral infection: are there lessons for COVID-19? Br J Nutr. 2021;125(6):618-27. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520003128.
  42. Khatiwada S., Subedi A. A Mechanistic Link Between Selenium and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Curr Nutr Rep. 2021;10(2):125-36. doi: 10.1007/s13668-021-00354-4
  43. Tomo S., Saikiran G., Banerjee M., Paul S. Selenium to selenoproteins - role in COVID-19. EXCLI J. 2021;20:781-91. doi: 10.17179/excli2021-3530.
  44. Lima L.W., Nardi S., Santoro V, Schiavon M. The Relevance of Plant-DerivedSeCompoundstoHuman Health in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic Era. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(7):1031. doi: 10.3390/antiox10071031.
  45. Im J.H., Je Y.S., Baek J., et al. Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Nov;100:390-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.018.
  46. Younesian O., Khodabakhshi B., Abdolahi N., et al. Decreased Serum Selenium Levels of COVID-19 Patients in Comparison with Healthy Individuals. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Jul 1:1-6. Doi: 10.1007/ s12011-021-02797-w.
  47. Zhang J., Saad R., Taylor E.W., Rayman M.P Selenium and selenoproteins in viral infection with potential relevance to COVID-19. Redox Biol. 2020;37:101715. Doi: 10.1016/j. redox.2020.101715.
  48. Kieliszek M., Lipinski B. Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:109878. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109878.
  49. Samad N., Sodunke T.E., Abubakar A.R., et al. The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic.J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:527-50. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S295377.
  50. Corrao S., Mallaci Bocchio R., Lo Monaco M., et al. Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1261. Doi: 10.3390/ nu13041261.
  51. Patel O., Chinni V, El-Khoury J., et al. A pilot double-blind safety and feasibility randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous zinc in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021;93(5):3261-67.
  52. Skalny A.V, Rink L., Ajsuvakova O.P., et al. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID-19 (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2020;46(1):17-26. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575.
  53. Jothimani D., Kailasam E., Danielraj S., et al. COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:343-49. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014.
  54. Wessels I., Rolles B., Rink L. The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19. Pathogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1712. Doi: 10.3389/ fimmu.2020.01712.
  55. Heller R.A., Sun Q., Hackler J., et al. Prediction of survival odds in COVID-19 by zinc, age and selenoprotein P as composite biomarker. Redox Biol. 2021;38:101764. Doi: 10.1016/j. redox.2020.101764.
  56. Rahman M.T., IdidS.Z. Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment? Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199(2):550-58. doi: 10.1007/s12011- 020-02194-9.
  57. de Almeida Brasiel P.G. The key role of zinc in elderly immunity: A possible approach in the COVID-19 crisis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;38:65-6. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.003.
  58. Pal A., Squitti R., Picozza M., et al. Zinc and COVID-19: Basis of Current Clinical Trials. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199(8):2882-92. Doi: 10.1007/ s12011-020-02437-9.
  59. Joachimiak M.P Zinc against COVID-19? Symptom surveillance and deficiency risk groups. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(1):e0008895. Doi: 10.1371/ journal.pntd.0008895.
  60. Fiorino S., Gallo C., Zippi M., et.al. Cytokine storm in aged people with CoV-2: possible role of vitamins as therapy or preventive strategy. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(10):2115-31. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01669-y.
  61. Stephensen C.B., Lietz G. Vitamin A in resistance to and recovery from infection: relevance to SARS-CoV2. Br J Nutr. 2021 Jan 20:1-10. doi: 10.1017/ S0007114521000246.
  62. Li R., Wu K., Li Y., et al. Revealing the targets and mechanisms of vitamin A in the treatment of COVID-Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(15):15784-96. doi: 10.18632/aging.103888.
  63. Tepasse P.R., Vollenberg R., Fobker M., et al. A. Vitamin A Plasma Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Hypothesis. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2173. Doi: 10.3390/ nu13072173.
  64. Abioye A.I., Bromage S., Fawzi W. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(1):e003176. Doi: 10.1136/ bmjgh-2020-003176.
  65. Abobaker A, Alzwi A., Alraied A.H.A. Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19. Pharmacol Rep. 2020;72(6):1517-doi: 10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1.
  66. Ebrahimzadeh-Attari V., Panahi G., Hebert J.R., et al. Nutritional approach for increasing public health during pandemic of COVID-19: A comprehensive review of antiviral nutrients and nutraceuticals. Health Promot Perspect. 2021;11(2):119-36. doi: 10.34172/hpp.2021.17.
  67. Tavakol S., Seifalian A.M. Vitamin E at a high dose as an anti-ferroptosis drug and not just a supplement for COVID-19 treatment. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2021 May 2:10.1002/bab.2176. doi: 10.1002/bab.2176.
  68. Борисов В.В. Микроэлементы селен и цинк в организме женщины и мужчины: проблемы и решения. Consilium Medicum. 2018;20(7):63-8
  69. Борисов В.В. Российская демография, пути улучшения мужского и женского здоровья в аспекте фертильности. Мнение уролога и репродуктолога. Consilium Medicum. 2019;21(7):10-8
  70. Трухан Д.И., Викторова И.А. Нефрология. Эндокринология. Гематология. СПб: СпецЛит, 2017. 253 с
  71. Трухан Д.И., Викторова И.А., Сафонов А.Д. Болезни печени. СПб.: СпецЛит, 2019. 239 с
  72. Трухан Д.И., Викторова И.А. Болезни органов дыхания. СПб: СпецЛит, 2013. 176 с
  73. Wells J.M. Immunomodulatory mechanisms of lactobacilli. Microb Cell Fact. 2011, 10(Suppl 1): S17. doi: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-S1-S17.
  74. Трухан Д.И., Викторова И.А. Коррекция нарушений кишечного микробиоценоза в аспекте профилактики респираторных инфекций дыхательных путей: возможности Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Гастроэнтерология. Хирургия. Интенсивная терапия. Consilium Medicum. 2018;2:39-44.
  75. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции в амбулаторной практике врача-педиатра. Пособие для врачей под ред. Н.А. Коровиной. М., 2004. 48 с
  76. Сурков А.Н. Возможности коррекции и профилактики нарушений микробиоценоза кишечника у часто болеющих детей. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2013;2:59-65
  77. Трухан Д.И., Мазуров А.Л., Речапова Л.А. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции: актуальные вопросы диагностики, профилактики и лечения в практике терапевта. Терапевтический архив. 2016;11:76-82
  78. Трухан Д.И., Голошубина В.В. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции в практике врача первого контакта: актуальные аспекты клиники, лечения и профилактики. Справочник поликлинического врача. 2016;05:6-11
  79. Treating infectious diseases in a microbial world: Report of two workshops on novel antimicrobial therapeutics. Washington: National Academies Press, 2006. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19849/
  80. Promising Approaches to the Development of Immunomodulation for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Report of a Workshop. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19846/
  81. Cong Y., Feng T., Fujihashi K. et al. A dominant., coordinated T regulatory cell-IgA response to the intestinal microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009; 106(46): 19256-19261. doi: 10.1073/ pnas.0812681106.
  82. Smith P.M., Garrett W.S. The gut microbiota and mucosal T cells. Front Microbiol. 2011;2:111. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00111
  83. Taverniti V., Guglielmetti S. The immunomodulatory properties of probiotic microorganisms beyond their viability (ghost probiotics: proposal of paraprobiotic concept). Genes Nutr. 2011;6(3):261-274. doi: 10.1007/s12263-011-0218-x.
  84. Johnstone J., Meade M., Marshall J., et al.; PROSPECT Investigators and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Probiotics: Prevention of Severe Pneumonia and Endotracheal Colonization Trial-PROSPECT: protocol for a feasibility randomized pilot trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2015;1:19. doi: 10.1186/s40814-015-0013-3.
  85. Kalima K., Lehtoranta L., He L., et al. Probiotics and respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections in Finnish military conscripts - a randomised placebo-controlled double-blinded study Benef Microbes. 2016;7(4):463-71. Doi: 10.3920/ BM2015.0172.
  86. Tapiovaara L., Kumpu M., Mäkivuokko H., et al. Human rhinovirus in experimental infection after peroral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG consumption, a pilot study Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016;6(8):848-53. doi: 10.1002/alr.21748.
  87. Wang B., Hylwka T., Smieja M., et al. Probiotics to Prevent Respiratory Infections in Nursing Homes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66(7):1346-52. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15396.
  88. Laursen R.P., Hojsak I. Probiotics for respiratory tract infections in children attending day care centers-a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr. 2018;177(7):979-94. doi: 10.1007/s00431-018-3167-1.
  89. Akour A. Probiotics and COVID-19: is there any link? Lett Appl Microbiol. 2020;71(3):229-234. doi: 10.1111/lam.13334.
  90. Bottari B, Castellone V, Neviani E. Probiotics and Covid-19. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2021;72(3):293-299. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1807475.
  91. Parisi G.F., Carota G., Castruccio Castracani C., et al. Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Viral Infections, including COVID-19, among the Pediatric Population: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2465. Doi: 10.3390/ ijms22052465.
  92. Peng J., Zhang M., Yao G., Kwok L.Y., Zhang W. Probiotics as Adjunctive Treatment for Patients Contracted COVID-19: Current Understanding and Future Needs. Front Nutr. 2021;8:669808. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.669808.
  93. Гриневич В.Б., Кравчук Ю.А., Ткаченко Е.И., и др. Особенности ведения больных с гастроэнтерологической патологией в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2020;176(4):3-18
  94. Ткачева О.Н., Котовская Ю.В, Алексанян Л.А., и др. Согласованная позиция экспертов Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров. Новая коронавирусная инфекция SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста: особенности профилактики, диагностики и лечения. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2020;19(3):2601
  95. Wen X., Chen X., Zhou X. Rebamipide inhibited expression of TLR4 and TNF-alpha release in pulmonary epithelial cell line A549 induced by lipopolysaccharide. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2009;34(5):457-60.
  96. Yasuda T., Chiba H., Satomi T., et al. Preventive effect of rebamipide gargle on chemoradiotherpy-induced oral mucositis in patients with oral cancer: a pilot study. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2012;2(4):e3. doi: 10.5037/jomr.2011.2403.
  97. Akagi S., Fujiwara T., Nishida M., et al. The effectiveness of rebamipide mouthwash therapy for radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapyinduced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2019;5:16. Doi:10.1186/ s40780-019-0146-2.
  98. Urita Y., Watanabe T., Maeda T., et al. Rebamipide and mosapride enhance pilocarpine-induced salivation. N Am J Med Sci. 2009;1(3): 121-24.

补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML
下载

版权所有 © Bionika Media, 2021
##common.cookie##