Isotopic parameters of the Mizhirgi River (Caucasus): four-component hydrograph separation

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The processes of river flow formation in the glacier basin were studied using stable isotope geochemistry methods. During the ablation period, isotopic and hydrochemical characteristics of the components involved in the formation of river runoff were determined for the Mizhirgi River within the glacial basin, and isotopic dissection of the hydrograph was performed. The study was performed for a short observation period at a hydrological post in the middle of the ablation season from July 6th to July 16th of 2021. Samples of Mizhirgi River water at gouge in 750 m from the glacier tongue were collected as well as precipitation and glacial ice samples on the tongue. Samples of glacial ice were also collected near the Katyn-Tau summit at an altitude of 4750 m in the upper part of the Bezengi Wall, obtained by ice core drilling. The use of two isotopic and one hydrochemical tracer showed the promise of using these methods to study glacier melt patterns. The share of glacial ice melt ranged from 39 to 59%, the share of snow melt water near the feeding boundary varied from 8 to 27%, and an insignificant contribution was made by direct precipitation, which entered the river flow mainly by infiltration through the ground.

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作者简介

Yu. Chizhova

Institute of Geography Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Science; Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: eacentr@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

A. Krekova

Higher School of Economics

Email: eacentr@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

S. Kutuzov

The Ohio State University

Email: eacentr@yandex.ru

School of Earth Sciences

美国, Columbus

V. Mikhalenko

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science

Email: eacentr@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

I. Lavrentiev

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science

Email: eacentr@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

M. Vorobiev

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science

Email: eacentr@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

M. Vinogradova

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science

Email: eacentr@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

参考

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the research area: sampling points (1 – gauge on the Mizhirgi River, 2–3 – springs, 4 – snowpack, 5 – glacial ice on the tongue (melting crust)) (а); glacier margins (б); position of a deep borehole on the Bezengi Glacier (в)

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3. Fig. 2. Precipitation amount (1), mean daily temperature (2), discharge of the Mizhirgi River (3) and δ18O values of water (4) on July 6–16, 2022

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4. Fig. 3. The δ18O values of ice (1), ammonium ion (2), cation (3) and anion (4) concentrations in the upper 6 m w.e. of the Bezengi ice core in summer (5) and winter (6) horizons

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5. Fig. 4. Isotopic parameters of river waters and runoff components: the δ18O–δD plot for runoff components and the water of the Mizhirgi River (а), relationship between δ18O and d-exc values (б), between δ18O values and mineralization (в). The dashed line shows the boundaries of mixing processes: 1 – ice on the Mizhirgi Glacier terminus (melting crust), 2 – summer snow according to averaging data of the Bezengi ice core, 3 – water of the Mizhirgi River, 4 – rainwater, 5 – avalanche snowpack on the valley side, 6 – stream on the surface of the Mizhirgi glacier terminus, 7 – streams in the valley

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6. Fig. 5. The isotope hydrograph separation of the Mizhirgi River (а), the ratio of the main components input to river runoff (б) and trends in the contribution of glacial ice, streams and melted summer snow (в): 1 – contribution of glacial ice melting, 2 – snow cover melting, 3 – springs, 4 – rainfall

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7. Fig. 6. The δ18О values of glacial ice in the accumulation zone of the Bezengi glacier basin relative to the isotope signature of precipitation and glacial ice of Mt. Elbrus (а) and relative to the meteoric water line (б): 1 – avg. seasonal δ18O values of winter and summer ice horizons in the Bezengi ice core, 2 – average δ18O values of precipitation in winter and summer periods at the Azau station (Chizhova et al., 2023a), 3 – average seasonal δ18O values of winter and summer ice horizons in cores from the Elbrus Western Plateau (Chizhova et al., 2023a), 4 – altitudinal isotope effect based on average δ18O values of seasons

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