Mother-to-child HIV transmission during breastfeeding


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Abstract

In 2013, a total of 24 babies who got HIV from their infected mothers during breastfeeding were found in Russia. The risk of infection in babies having breastfeeding episodes was about 50%. The main reason for this high risk is maternal infection during late pregnancy or after birth, the absence of chemoprophylaxis and, as a consequence, a high viral load in acute HIV infection developing in a breastfeeding mother. The babies were breastfed in 72% of cases because of the late diagnosis of HIV infection in their mother and in 25% in accordance with a woman’s desire or for inaccessibility of breast milk substitutes (BMSs). Antiepidemic measures that can reduce the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding are as follows: to educate and consult pregnant women; to examine their sexual partners; and to provide HIV-infected women with BMSs. The performed analysis of how the babies born to HIV-infected women with BMS were provided with BMSs in 2013 has indicated that 3 out of 82 surveyed subjects of the Russian Federation have no respective programs. BMSs were given out to feed infants in 86% of the regions. However, only low-income women could receive infant formulas free of charge over one-third of the country’s area. In 13.4% of the regions, a monthly allowance ranging from 150 to 2600 rubles was paid out to buy milk formulas. The allowance rate could not ensure wholesome artificial feeding in the majority of the regions.

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About the authors

Nadezhda V. Kozyrina

Federal Research and Guidance Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: nad-kozyrina@yandex.ru

N. N Ladnaya

Federal Research and Guidance Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: nladnaia@hotmail.com

E. V Sokolova

Federal Research and Guidance Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: epid@hivrussia.net

O. I Tushina

Federal Research and Guidance Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: epid@hivrussia.net

R. S Narsia

Federal Research and Guidance Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: narsia@hivrussia.net

S. I Pronina

Regional Public Organization «A Child's Right»

Email: right-child@mtu-net.ru
Moscow

V. V Pokrovsky

Federal Research and Guidance Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: federalcentre@hivrussia.net

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