Genetic characteristics of HIV and efficency of its sexual transmission


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

The risk of getting HIV through sexual contact is low; however, the contribution of this mode of transmission versus others to an epidemic outbreak is greatest. An understanding of the characteristics of the virus, which affect the efficiency of its transmission, will promote the elaboration of preventive and therapeutic approaches to declining the number of new cases of the infection. The review describes the results of investigations unveiling a number of important genetic features of HIV, which affect transmission efficiency.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

D. E Kireev

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: dmitry.kireev@pcr.ru

A. V Pokrovskaya

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: pokrovskaya_av@mail.ru

References

  1. ВИЧ-инфекция. Информационный бюллетень № 39. М., ФНМЦ ПБ СПИД, 2014. 52 с. http://hivrussia.ru
  2. Shaw G.M., Hunter E. HIV transmission. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med., 2012; 2(11): a006965.
  3. Hladik F., McElrath M.J. Setting the stage: host invasion by HIV. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2008; 86: 447-457.
  4. Powers K.A., Poole C., Pettifor A.E., Cohen M.S. Rethinking the heterosexual infectivity of HIV-1: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2008; 8: 553-563.
  5. Boily M.C., Baggaley R.F., Wang L., Masse B., White R.G., Hayes R.J. et al. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2009; 9: 118-129.
  6. Quinn T.C., Wawer M.J., Sewankambo N., Serwadda D., Li C., Wabwire-Mangen F. et al. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakay Project Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000; 342: 921-929.
  7. Fideli U.S., Allen S.A., Musonda R., Trask S., Hahn B.H., Weiss H. et al. Virologic and immunologic determinants of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Africa. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 2001; 17, 901-910.
  8. Cohen M.S., McCauley M., Gamble T.R. HIV treatment as prevention and HPTN 052. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS 2012; 7(2), 99-105.
  9. Wolfs T.F., Zwart G., Bakker M., Goudsmit J. HIV-1 genomic RNA diversification following sexual and parental virus transmission. Virology 1992; 189: 103-110.
  10. Zhang L.Q., MacKenzie P., Cleland A., Holmes E.C., Brown A.J., Simmonds P. Selection for specific sequences in the external envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 upon primary infection. J. Virol. 1993; 67: 3345-3356.
  11. Zhu T., Mo H., Wang N., Nam D.S., Cao Y., Loup R.A. et al. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 patients with primary infection. Science 1993; 261: 125.
  12. Berger E.A., Murphy P.M., Farber J.M. Chemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors: roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease. Annu Rev. Immunol. 1999; 17: 657-700.
  13. Wilen C.B., Tilton J.C., Doms R.W. HIV: cell binding and entry. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2011; 2(8): a006866.
  14. Learn G.H., Muthui D., Brodie S.J., Zhu T., Diem K., Mullins J.I. et al. Virus population homogenization following acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Virol. 2002; 76: 11953-11959.
  15. Derdeyn C.A., Decker J.M., Bibollet-Ruche F., Mokili J.L., Muldoon M., Denham S.A. et al. Envelope-constrained neutralization-sensitive HIV-1 after heterosexual transmission. Science 2004; 303: 2019-2022.
  16. Keele B.F., Giorgi E.E., Salazar-Gonzales J.F., Decker J.M., Pham K.T., Salazar M.G. et al. Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008; 105: 7552-7557.
  17. Lee H.Y., Giorgi E.E., Keele B.F., Gashen B., Athreya G.S., Salazar-Gonzales J.F. et al. Modeling sequence evolution in acute HIV-1 infection. J. Theor. Biol. 2009; 261: 341-360.
  18. Abrahams M.R., Anderson J.A., Giorgi E.E., Seoghe C., Mlisana K., Ping L.H. et al. Quantitating the multiplicity of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C reveals a non-poisson distribution of transmitted variants. J. Virol. 2009; 83: 3556-3567.
  19. Haaland R.E., Hawkins P.A., Salazar-Gonzales J., Johnson A., Tichacek A., Karita E. et al. Inflammatory genital infections mitigate a severe genetic bottleneck in heterosexual transmission of subtype A and C HIV-1. PLoS Pathog. 2009; 5: e1000274.
  20. Kearney M., Maldarelly F., Shao W., Margolick J.B., Daar E.S., Mellors J.W. et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 population genetics and adaptation in newly infected individuals. J. Virol. 2009; 83: 2715-2727.
  21. Li H., Bar K.J., Wang S., Decker J.M., Chen Y., Sun C. et al. High multiplicity infection by HIV-1 in men who have sex with men. PLoS Pathog. 2010; 6: e1000890.
  22. Bar K.J., Li H., Chamberland A., Tremblay C., Routy J.P., Grayson T. et al. Wide variation in the multiplicity of HIV-1 infection among injection drug users. J. Virol. 2010; 84: 6241-6247.
  23. Masharsky A.E., Dukhovlinova E.N., Verevochkin S.V., Toussova O.V., Skochilov R.V., Anderson J.A. et al. A substantial transmission bottleneck among newly and recently HIV-1-infected injection drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia. J. Infect. Dis. 2010; 201: 1697-1702.
  24. Russell E.S., Kwiek J.J., Keys J., Barton K., Mwapasa V., Montefiori D.C. et al. The genetic bottleneck in vertical transmission of subtype C HIV-1 is not driven by selection of especially neutralization-resistant virus from the maternal viral population. J. Virol. 2011; 85: 8253-8262.
  25. Resch W., Hoffman N., Swanstrom R. Improved success of phenotype prediction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from envelope variable loop 3 sequence using neural networks. Virology 2001; 288: 51-62.
  26. Ribeiro R.M., Qin L., Chaves L.L., Li D., Self S.G., Perelson A.S. Estimation of the initial viral growth rate and basic reproductive number during acute HIV-1 infection. J. Virol. 2010; 84: 6096-6102.
  27. Royce R.A., Sena A., Cates W. Jr., Cohen M.S. Sexual transmission of HIV. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997; 336: 1072-1078.
  28. Carlson J.M., Schaefer M., Monaco D.C., Batorsky R., Claiborne D.T., Prince J. et al. Selection bias at the heterosexual HIV-1 transmission bottleneck. Science 2014; 345: 1254031.
  29. Redd A.D., Collinson-Streng A.N., Chatziandreou N., Mullis C.E., Laeyendecker O., Martens C. et al. Previously transmitted HIV-1 strains are preferentially selected during subsequent sexual transmissions. J. Infect. Dis. 2012; 206: 1433-1442.
  30. Chopera D.R., Woodsman Z., Mlisana M., Mlotshwa M., Martin D.P., Seoighe C. et al. Transmission of HIV-1 CTL escape variants provides HLA-mismatched recipients with a survival advantage. PLoS Pathog. 2008; 4(3): e1000033.
  31. Goepfert P.A., Lumm W., Farmer P., Matthews P., Prendergast A., Carlson J.M. et al. Transmission of HIV-1 gag immune escape mutations is associated with reduced viral load in linked recipients. J. Exp. Med. 2008; 205: 1009-1017.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies