Epidemiological analysis of rabies outbreaks in the Trans-Baikal Region after transboundary drift of infection


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Abstract

In 1980 to 2010, the Trans-Baikal region remained free of rabies. In 2011, the first cases of rabies in animals were recorded; outbreaks were later detected in several areas. Objective. To characterize the epidemiological features of rabies outbreaks recorded in Transbaikalia after a long period, during which no cases of th is disease were found. Material and methods. The authors conducted a descriptive epidemiological study of a series of outbreaks identified in the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory in 2011-2018. GIS technologies and phylogenetic analysis of virus isolates were used. Results. There were 262 cases of rabies in animals (35.5% of cases in wild animals, 7.2% in dogs and cats; 57.3% in agricultural animals). No human rabies cases were reported. Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were the main natural reservoir of infection. Rabies virus isolates belonged to the steppe genetic lineage and differed from the viruses isolated in this region in the 1970s (Arctk-like lineage). Epidemiological and molecular genetic data are indicative of the transboundary introduction оf infection from Mongolia and China. Conclusion. The outbreaks of rabies in Trans-Baikal occurred due to the spreading of the steppe variant of the rabies virus in the eastern direction and its penetration into the peripheral areas of Mongol-type steppes. In 2011-2018 dogs and wolves were rarely involved in the circulation of the virus, unlike to the epizootics described in the 20th century, which is obviously associated with a change in the variant of the virus.

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About the authors

Aleksandr D. Botvinkin

Irkutsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: botvinkin_ismu@mail.ru

Ivan D. Zarva

Irkutsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: ivan_zarva@mail.ru

Nikolai V. Yakovchits

Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: nikolaybio@mail.ru

Renat V. Adelshin

Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Irkutsk State University, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation

Email: adelshin@gmail.com

Olga V. Melnikova

Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: melnikovaovit@gmail.com

Evgeni I. Andaev

Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: e.andaev@gmail.com

Mikhail I. Shulpin

Federal Centre for Animal Health

Email: shulpin@arriah.ru

Sergey A. Chupin

Federal Centre for Animal Health

Email: shulpin@arriah.ru

Rtem E. Metlin

Federal Centre for Animal Health

Email: artem.metlin@inbox.ru

Sergey V. Balakhonov

Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: balakhonov.irk@mail.ru

Sergey S. Khankhareev

Directorate for the Republic of Buryatia, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human WellBeing

Email: sunoxr@03.rospotrebnadzor.ru

Svetlana E. Lapa

Directorate for the Trans-Baikal Territory, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human WellBeing

Email: tur@75.rospotrebnadzor.ru

T. F Istomina

Directorate for the Republic of Buryatia, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human WellBeing

Email: sunoxr@03.rospotrebnadzor.ru

Inna A. Korotkova

Directorate for the Trans-Baikal Territory, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human WellBeing

Email: osonnt@75.rospotrebnadzor.ru

Rimma S. Shoboeva

Directorate for the Republic of Buryatia, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human WellBeing

Email: sunoxr@03.rospotrebnadzor.ru

Dmitry V. Kalugin

Veterinary Directorate for the Republic of Buryatia

Email: Kalugin.D@uvet.govrb.ru

Natalia V. Bakhlina

Veterinary Directorate for the Republic of Buryatia

Email: bakhlina.natasha@rambler.ru

Olga A. Zvereva

Buryat Republican Research and Production Veterinary Laboratory

Email: bvetlab@mail.ru

Vera S. Stepina

Trans-Baikal Territorial Veterinary Laboratory

Email: virusod@mail.ru

Aleksandr M. Ablov

Irkutsk Interregional Veterinary Laboratory

Email: imvl2004@mail.ru

Marina E. Koplik

Irkutsk Interregional Veterinary Laboratory

Email: imvl2004@mail.ru

Ekaterina N. Shkolnikova

Irkutsk Interregional Veterinary Laboratory

Email: imvl2004@mail.ru

Sergey G. Shchepin

Republican Service for Protection, Control, and Regulation of Use of Fauna Objects Referred to Objects of Hunting, Control, and Supervision in Environmental Management of the Republic of Buryatia

Email: info@rsbpn.govrb.ru

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