Studying the transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance in the Republic of Armenia using bioinformatics methods


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Abstract

Objective. To analyze the level of drug resistance (DR) and the pattern of HIV-1 resistance mutations in the pol gene fragments to antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) among the HIV-infected naive patients of the Republic of Armenia; to study the transmission features of HIV-1 variants and the degree of their genetic relationship with the viruses circulating in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed 546nucleotide sequences of the pol gene fragment isolated from HIV-infected patients who had no experience in receiving ARVT from the Republic of Armenia. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed for the presence of resistance mutations and the level of DR to ARVDs using the Stanford University database and a CPR tool. Mutations were assessed from the 2009 SDRM sheet according to the standard WHO protocols. HIV subtypes were identified using the Stanford University database and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. Results. The prevalence of mutations associated with the predictive DR was 16.3%. The level of HIV transmitted DR was 5.5%, which is classif ied as moderate by the WHO. The highest DR was found for 2 drugs (NVP, EFV) of the NNRTI class and for 2 drugs (FTC, 3TC) of the NRTI class. Analysis of HIV-1 genetic variants in the Republic of Armenia and in the Russian Federation showed a high genetic similarity to the epidemics occurring in these countries. Conclusion. DR to ARVDs has been found to increase from 1.5 to 5.5%. The high (3.8%) resistance has been established for EFV that is prescribed as a first-line drug. It is important to conduct epidemiological surveillance of the spread of DR in the region due to the higher patient coverage with ARVT.

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About the authors

Olga A. Osadchaya

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: osadchaya96@yandex.ru
Junior Researcher

Pavel V. Eroshkin

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: eroshkinpvl@gmail.com
Junior Researcher

Alina A. Kirichenko

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: kotova-kirichenko@mail.ru
Scientific Researcher

Ilya A. Lapovok

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: i_lapovok@mail.ru
Cand. Biol. Sci., Senior Researcher

Daria V. Saleeva

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: dasha_saleeva@inbox.ru
Junior Researcher

Alexey E. Lopatukhin

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: a.lopatukhin@gmail.com
Researcher

Anastasia V. Shlykova

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: murzakova_a.v@mail.ru
Researcher

Dmitry E. Kireev

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Cand. Biol. Sci., Head, Laboratory of Diagnostics and Molecular Epidemiology of HIV Infection

Trdat R. Grigoryan

Republican Center for AIDS Prevention, Yerevan

Email: gtrdat@yahoo.com
Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist

Arshak R. Petrosyan

Republican Center for AIDS Prevention, Yerevan

Email: a_petrosyan@list.ru
Laboratory Physician, Laboratory of PCR, Microbiology, Virology, and Genetics

Tatevik A. Sarhatyan

Republican Center for AIDS Prevention, Yerevan

Email: sarhatyantatev@mail.ru
Laboratory Physician, Laboratory of PCR, Microbiology, Virology and Genetics

Vadim V. Pokrovsky

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: pokrovsky.vad@yandex.ru
Academician ofthe Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head, Specialized Department of Epidemiology and Prevention of AIDS

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