Clinical and pathogenetic aspects of genital herpetic infection
- Authors: Pshenichnaya N.Y.1,2, Romanova E.B.3, Tverdokhlebova T.I.3,4, Gopatsa G.V.1, Suladze A.G.3
-
Affiliations:
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being
- M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute
- Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being
- Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
- Issue: Vol 14, No 1 (2024)
- Pages: 97-101
- Section: Reviews and Lectures
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2226-6976/article/view/630527
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2024.14.1.97–101
- ID: 630527
Cite item
Abstract
An analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the prevalence, pathogenesis and features of the clinical course of genital herpes in the modern period is presented. The increasing etiological role of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in this disease has been shown. Data on the great importance of cellular immunity factors in the development of severe forms and relapses of genital herpes are presented. Modern recommendations for the treatment of genital herpes in different categories of patients are discussed.
Keywords
Full Text

About the authors
Natalia Yu. Pshenichnaya
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute
Author for correspondence.
Email: pshenichnaya@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2570-711X
Professor, MD, Deputy Director for Clinical and Analytical Work, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowElena B. Romanova
Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being
Email: eromanova1961@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6885-6126
MD, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher, Head, Laboratory of Sanitary and Parasitological Monitoring, Medical Parasitology and Immunology, Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-DonTatiana I. Tverdokhlebova
Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
Email: rostovniimp@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3912-0291
MD, Director, Rostov Scientific Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don; Rostov-on-DonGalina V. Gopatsa
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being
Email: gopatsa@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8703-7671
Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher
Russian Federation, MoscowAlexander G. Suladze
Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being
Email: hivrost@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9051-1220
Cand. Med. Sci., Chief Physician
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-DonReferences
- ВОЗ. Вирус простого герпеса. Основные факты, 22 марта 2022 г. https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus
- [World Health Organization. Herpes simplex virus. Basic facts, March 22, 2022], https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus
- Gnann J.W., Whitley R.J. Genital Herpes. New Engl. J. Med. 2016; 375(7): 666–74. doi: 10.1056/nejmcp1603178
- Suazo P.A., Ibañez F.J., Retamal-Díaz A.R., Paz-Fiblas M.V., Bueno S.M., Kalergis A.M. et al. Evasion of Early Antiviral Responses by Herpes Simplex Viruses. Mediator of inflammation 2015; 1–16. doi: 10.1155/2015/593757
- Chemaitelly H., Nagelkerke N., Omori R., Abu-Raddad L.J. Characterizing herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence declines and epidemiological association in the United States. PloS One 2019; 14(6): e0214151. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214151
- Sauerbrei A. Genital herpes. Diagnostics to Pathogenomics of Sexually Transmitted Infections. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2018. 416 p.
- Whitley R., Baines J. Clinical management of herpes simplex virus infections: past, present, and future. F1000Research 2018; (7): 1726. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.16157.1
- Suazo PA, Ibañez FJ, Retamal-Díaz AR, Paz-Fiblas MV, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, González PA. Evasion of early antiviral responses by herpes simplex viruses. Mediators of inflammation. 2015 Article ID 593757 https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/593757
- Jaishankar D., Shukla D. Genital herpes: Insights into Sexually Transmitted Infectious Disease. Microbial Cell. 2016; 3(9): 438–50. doi: 10.15698/mic2016.09.528
- Zhu S., Viejo-Borbolla A. Pathogenesis and virulence of herpes simplex virus. Virulence 2021; 12(1): 2670–702. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1982373
- Cole S. Herpes simplex virus: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Nursing Clinics 2020; 55(3): 337–45. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2020.05.004
- Хрянин А.А., Кнорринг Г.Ю. Генитальный герпес: современные представления и перспективы лечения. Гинекология 2020; 22(4): 62–7. doi: 10.26442/20795696.2020.4.200259
- Khryanin A.A., Knorring G.Yu. [Genital herpes: modern views and prospects for the treatment]. Gynecology 2020; 22(4): 62–7 (In Russ.). doi: 10.26442/20795696.2020.4.200259
- Singh N., Tscharke D.C. Herpes simplex virus latency is noisier the closer we look. J. Virol. 2020; 94(4): е01701–19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01701-19
- Harfouche M., Abu-Hijleh F.M., James C., Looker K.J., Laith J. A. Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions. Clin. Med. 2021; 35: 100876. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100876
- Tan D.N.S., Murphy K., Shah P., Walmsley S.L. Herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV disease progression: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Infect. Dis. 2013; 13: 502. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-502
- Fatahzadeh M., Schwartz R.A. Human herpes simplex virus infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2007; 57(5): 737–63. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.06.027
- Kreisel K.M., Spicknall I.H., Gargano J.W., Lewis F.M.T., Lewis R.M., Markowitz L.E. et al. Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2018. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2021; 48(4): 208–14. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001355
- Volpi A., Stanberry L. Genital Herpes: Clinical and Scientific Novelties. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advances in Understanding and Management 2020; 223–31. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-02200-6_11
- Richards J., Krantz E., Selke S., Wald A. Healthcare seeking and sexual behavior among patients with symptomatic newly acquired genital herpes. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2008; 35(12): 1015–21. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318182a596
- James C., Harfouche M., Welton N.J., Turner K.M., Abu-Raddad L.J., Gottlieb S.L. et al. Herpes simplex virus: global infection prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2020; 98(5): 315–29. doi: 10.2471/BLT.19.237149
- Phipps W., Saracino M., Magaret A., Selke S., Remington M., Huang M.-L. et al. Persistent genital herpes simplex virus-2 shedding years following the first clinical episode. J. Infect. Dis. 2011; 203(2): 180–7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiq035
- Looker K.J., Magaret A.S., May M.T., Turner K.M.E., Vickerman P., Newman L.M. et al. First estimates of the global and regional incidence of neonatal herpes infection. The Lancet Global Health 2017; 5(3): 300–9. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30362-X
- Hammad W.A.B., Konje J.C. Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy – An update. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2021; 259: 38–45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.01.055
- LeGoff J., Péré H., Bélec L. Diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus infection in the clinical laboratory. Virology Journal. 2014; (11): 83. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-11-83
- Nath P., Kabir M.A., Doust S.K., Ray A. Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus: Laboratory and Point-of-Care Techniques. Infectious Disease Reports. 2021; 13(2): 518–39. doi: 10.3390/idr13020049
- Amudha V.P., Rashetha S.M., Sucilathangam G., Cinthujah B., Revathy C. Serological profile of HSV-2 in STD patients: Evaluation of diagnostic utility of HSV-2 IgM and IgG detection. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research – JCDR 2014; 8(12): 16–9. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/10586.5314
- Johnston C., Corey L. Current Concepts for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Genital Tract Shedding. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2016; 29(1): 149–61. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00043-15
- Workowski K.A., Bachmann L.H., Chan P.A., Johnston C.M., Muzny C.A., Park I. et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 2021; 70(4): 1–187. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
- Johnston C. Diagnosis and Management of Genital Herpes: Key Questions and Review of the Evidence for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2022; 7 (Suppl. 2): 134–43. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab1056
- Patel R., Green J., Clarke E, Seneviratne K., Abbt N., Evans C. et al. 2014 UK national guideline for the management of anogenital herpes. International journal of STD & AIDS 2015; 26(11): 763–76. doi: 10.1177/0956462415580512
- Álvarez D.M., Castillo E., Duarte L.F., Arriagada J., Corrales N., Farías M.A. et al. Current Antivirals and Novel Botanical Molecules Interfering With Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. Frontiers in Microbiology 2020; (11): 139. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00139
- Harris J.B., Holmes A.P. Neonatal Herpes Simplex Viral Infections and Acyclovir: An Update. J. Pediatr. Pharmacol. Ther. 2017; 22(2): 88–93. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-22.2.88
- Foley E., Clarke E., Beckett V.A., Harrison S., Pillai A., FitzGerald M. et al. Management of Genital Herpes in Pregnancy Guideline Development Group. 2014. https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/quidelines/ management-genital-herpes.pdf
- Mujugira A., Magaret A.S., Celum C., Baeten J.M., Lingappa J.R., Morrow R.A. et al. Daily acyclovir to decrease herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) transmission from HSV-2/HIV-1 coinfected persons: a randomized controlled trial. J. Infect. Dis. 2013; 208(9): 1366–74. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit333
- Jiang Yu-C., Feng H., Lin Yu-C., Guo X.-R. New strategies against drug resistance to herpes simplex virus. International journal of oral science 2016; 8(1): 1–6. doi: 10.1038/ijos.2016.3
- Kotton B.D., Kotton C.N. Resistant herpes simplex virus infections–who, when, and what’s new? Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2022; 35(6): 530–5. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000889
Supplementary files
