Current trends in the development of the epidemic process of community-acquired pneumonia and their relationship with upper respiratory tract infections

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Despite significant progress in studying the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), up to 50% of disease cases remain undeciphered, which determines the difficulties in assessing the epidemic situation, developing and implementing a set of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.

Objective. Identification of trends in the development of the epidemic process of CAP and assessment of their connection with the incidence of influenza, ARVI, COVID-19, infectious mononucleosis in the Russian Federation in 2011–2023.

Materials and methods. Based on the data of form No 2 Information on infectious and parasitic diseases», a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of the studied infections was carried out, the etiological structure of CAP was studied, the relationship between the incidence of influenza, ARVI, COVID-19, infectious mononucleosis and CAP was assessed

Results. A feature of the epidemic process of CAP has been a change in morbidity trends and etiological structure. A direct strong correlation has been identified between the incidence of CAP and ARVI, COVID-19, and infectious mononucleosis in different age groups of the population.

Conclusion. The course of the epidemic process of CAP significantly depends on the prevailing circulation of pathogens of a viral and bacterial nature. At the same time, the morbidity of the adult population is largely determined by viruses of the respiratory group of infections. For children, the bacterial nature of the process is most characteristic, as well as the etiological association of bacteria and viruses (primarily the Epstein–Barr virus), which have a long-term suppressive effect on the immune system.

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作者简介

Anastasia Linok

Interregional Directorate №. 1, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: 8868653@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4584-7336

Deputy Head

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Marina Kulikova

OOO Vega-M

Email: seaweav@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4237-3716

Pediatrician

俄罗斯联邦, Sergiev Posad

Tatiana Solomay

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums

Email: solomay@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7040-7653

Cand. Med. Sci,, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Infections Associated with the Provision of Medical Care, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Epidemiological Analysis and Monitoring of Infectious Diseases

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

Andrey Linok

I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

Email: linok_a_v@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5980-8560

Cand. Med. Sci,, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Researcher, Laboratory of Epidemiological Analysis and Monitoring of Infectious Diseases

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

Anatoly Semenenko

N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: centronix@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7027-3547

Cand. Tech. Sci., Senior Researcher, Department of Epidemiology

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Galina Nikitina

S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department

Email: zambotk@botkinmoscow.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0804-8896

Cand. Med. Sci,, Epidemiologist of the Highest Qualification Category, Deputy Chief Physician for Sanitary-Epidemiological Issues and Infectious Morbidity

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Long-term dynamics of the incidence of CAP in the Russian Federation in 2011-2023

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3. Fig. 2. Incidence of CAP of various etiologies in the population of the Russian Federation in 2011-2023

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4. Fig. 3. Etiological structure of CAP cases registered in 2011-2023 in Russian Federation

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