Miscellanea in the Brāhmī Script from the Berezovsky and Krotkov Collections (IOM, RAS) with an appendix: ВФ-4190 (Part II)

Abstract

The main part of this article provides a complete edition (description, transliteration, transcription, preliminary translation, annotation as well as the reproduction of the photographs) of forty-two fragments in different literary languages, circulated along the northern Silk Road, today in the territory of modern Xinjiang (PR China) in pre-Mongolian times: Sanskrit, Tocharian A/B, Old Uyghur [hereafter: Uyghur]. Their common feature is the use of the standard North Turkestan Brāhmī and its Tocharian and Uyghur varieties. In terms of content, the fragments include extracts from Buddhist texts such as Abhidharmadīpavibhāùaprabhāvçtti, Prajñāpāramitā, Prasādapratibhodbhava, Prātimokùasūtra, Pravāraõasūtra, Saüyuktāgama, Suvarõabhāsottamasūtra, Udānavarga. There are also some Tocharian B document fragments. Several of these texts are found on the back of Chinese scrolls. The Chinese texts have been identified. Where possible, a reconstruction of the relevant section of the scroll has been added. An introduction provides general background information. The lexis of the edited manuscripts is given in concordances.

Full Text

Miscellanea in the Brāhmī Script from the Berezovsky and Krotkov Collections (IOM, RAS) with an appendix: ВФ-4190 (Part II)¹

Part I2 1 Introduction 1.1 The Berezovsky andKrotkov collections 1.2 Notes on the script, language and paper 1.3 Technical instructions 2 Manuscripts 2.1 Monolingual 2.1.1 Sanskrit 01 Buddhist 02 Abhidharmadīpavibhāùaprabhāvçtti 03 Table of contents? 04 Larger Prajñāpāramitā 05 Grammar 06 Scribal exercises 07 Prātimokùasūtra 08 Pravāraõasūtra 09 Suvarõabhāsottamasūtra 10 Text with dhāraõī 2.1.2 Tocharian B 11 Udānavarga? 12 Buddhist 13 Undetermined 14 Undetermined 15 Document 16 Document 17 Document 18 Document 2.1.3 Tocharian A 19 Undetermined 20 Undetermined 2.1.4 Uyghur 21 Confession of sins 22 Buddhist 23 Undetermined 24 Undetermined 25 Undetermined 3.1 Literature and abbreviations (Part I)

Part II 2 2.2 Bilingual 2.2.1 Sanskrit — Tocharian A 26 Undetermined 2.2.2 Sanskrit — Tocharian B 27 Udānavarga 28 Buddhist 29 Buddhist 30 Undetermined 31 Undetermined 32 Undetermined 2.2.3 Sanskrit — Uyghur 33 Prasādapratibhodbhava 34 Saüyuktāgama? 35 Grammar 36 Undetermined 2.2.4 Tocharian B — Uyghur 37 Narrative text? 38 Narrative text? 2.3 Undetermined language 39 Undetermined 40 Undetermined 41 Undetermined 42 Undetermined 3.2 Literature and abbreviations (Part II) 4 Appendix 43 ВФ-4190 43.1 Sanskrit 43.2 Varia 5 Concordances 5.1 Concordance of the manuscripts 5.2 Concordance of the identified texts 5.2.1 Chinese 5.2.2 Sanskrit 5.3 Concordances of word forms 5.3.1 Sanskrit 5.3.2 Tocharian B 5.3.3 Tocharian A 5.3.4 Uyghur 6 Addenda et corrigenda to Part I

2.2 Bilingual

2.2.1 Sanskrit — Tocharian A

26 SI 6378/13 (B/без шифра)

Part of a folio of unknown format, inscribed on both sides apparently by two different scribes with (a) Tocharian A text(s), of which remains of 5 to 6 lines are preserved. The scribe of side A used a calamus, that of side B a brush.

Provenance: Tajik Ming öy, coll. by Berezovsky, in 1905–1907.

Size: 12.8 cm × 13.8 cm.

Language: Tocharian A³ with a quotation in Sanskrit⁴.

Undetermined

A

Pl. 26‒1: SI 6378/13 A

Transliteration

01 [...] ùu l[ ]⁵ ×ś[ ] l[ ]⁶ nt⁷ su rma ri-s mrā caü ×ñ[ ] × [...]

02 [...] lme⁸ e ka pu õóa⁹ ri-k [...]

03 [...] × [ + ] ×r[ ] ga-rb^h ma lse pnāü¹⁰ tsu • [...]

04 [...] ×pā lmeü wā kma-ts • 1 tma¹¹śa ltā¹²skmāü śka ta rm[ ] [...]

05 [...] ...¹³ [...]

B

Pl. 26‒2: SI 6378/13 B

Transliteration

01 [...] ...¹⁴ [...]

02 [...] × nt[ ] pa ltske-s lyu tā rtā¹⁵ ka ùlu ne × [...]

03 [...] ×i¹⁶-ñc¹⁷kra-ś¹⁸ ‖ 20 8 pi n× [ ]¹⁹ [...]

04 [...] × ye nā²⁰ pi sa ra svatī [...]

05 [...] × [ ]v[ ] [+] yā mu warsa × [...]

06 [...] ... • cä × llyī × [...]

Commentary

A 01 su rma ri-s mrā caü: Erroneously for Sumeris mrācaü ‘on the summit of Sumeru’. However, the presumed superscript r- in rma might be a very idiosyncratic diacritic -e, cf. line 4. Accordingly, ùul[aś]ś[i] l[ā]nt ‘king of the mountains’ can be restored from the preceding remains.

A 02 [ ]lme: Probably [śpā]lme or [śpā]lme[ü] ‘superior, excellent’ as in A 04.

e ka pu nóa ri-k: ekapuõóarik is also attested in A156 (=THT 789) a1, where it is supposed to mean ‘very best’;²¹ if so, equivalent to preceding śpālme(ü). But due to the lacking context the elephant of king Prasenajit cannot be excluded here.²²

A 03 [+] ×r[ ] ga-rb^h: Perhaps [ca]ndr[a]garbh or [va]jr[a]garbh, both are names of a Bodhisatva.

pnāü tsu: Perhaps °p nāütsu, PPP of nas- ‘to be’. Preceding mälsep is unclear.

A 04 ×pā lmeü wā kma-ts: Certainly [ś]pālmeü wākmats, both meaning ‘superior, excellent’, s. A 02.

tma śa ltā skmāü: tmaśal tāskmāü, inferior spelling of tmaśśäl tāskmāü ‘comparable to this’, attested several times.²³

śka ta rm[ ]: Should rm[ ] stand for m[ ]e (see line 1 above), śka-tampeyum or śka-tampeùi (∼ Skt. daśabala-) ‘posessing the ten strengths’ would be an obvious restoration.

B 02 pa ltske-s: pältskes, gen. sing. of pältsäk ‘thought, mind’.

lyu tā rtā ka ùlu ne: lyutār tākäùlune represents the well attested syntagm lyutār nas-/tāk- ‘to be superior’ which excludes the possible reading nākäùlune, nāk- ‘to blame’. Lyutār tākäùlune is the causative counterpart of lyutār naslune ‘the being superior, superiority’ and is attested here for the first time.²⁴

B 03 ×i-ñc kra-ś ‖ 28: Obviously the end of a verse. The additional subscript numeral ‘9’ might be a separate numbering of verses within a chapter while 28 could refer to the number of verses from the beginning of the text. Kraś is variant of or mistake for kraüś ‘the good ones’, nom. pl. m. of kāsu ‘good’. The preceding [ ]iñc is most probably 3rd pl. prs., e.g. träïkiñc ‘(they) say’. The same sequence, verb + kraüś, in the end of a pāda also occurs in A 2 (= THT 635) a 1 ktäïkeñc kraüś : ‘the good ones traverse’; A 9 (= THT 642) a2 pälkāc kraüś : 1 || ‘look, o good ones’.

pi n× [ ]: Most likely pintwat or a derivative of it is to be restored.

B 04 yenāpi sarasvatī ‘whereby even Sarasvatī’: The only occurrence of Sanskrit in the text and no evidence for a true bilingual text; perhaps an isolated quotation.

B 05 yā mu: yāmu ‘(having) done’, nom. sg. m. PPP of yām- ‘to do’

wa rsa: warsa[ ], case form of or adjective (-ùi) derived from wars ‘dirt, impurity’.

2.2.2 Sanskrit — Tocharian B

27 SI 6378/12 (B/без шифра)

SI 6378/12 continues immediately the lines r01–r03 and v05–v07 respectively of the bigger fragment SI 2996/1, s. pl. 26-1 and 26-2. It is now clear that the preserved fragments form part of the folio left to the string-hole area which interrupts the lines 03–05 and a major part of which is broken away. SI 2996/1 (B/120-1) has been edited in CEToM.²⁵ The edition comprises transliteration, transcription, English translation of the Tocharian part, philological and linguistic comments. Another edition (transcription, notes and full Sanskrit text) was published by H. Ogihara.²⁶ Therefore we can limit the editing of SI 2996/1 to the transcription of those lines to which the so far unpublished SI 6378/12 contributes. The text of the latter is highlighted in the transcription.

Provenance: Tajik Ming öy, coll. by Berezovsky, in 1905–1907.

Size: SI 6378/12 ∞ SI 2996/1 8.1 cm × 10.3 cm.

Joining: SI 6378/12 ∞ SI 2996/1.

Language: Sanskrit — Tocharian B bilingual.

Udānavarga, cf. UvSkt (ed. B) XXXI 32b–39d

Recto

Pl. 27‒1: SI 6378/12 ∞ SI 2996/1 R

Pl. 27‒2: lska (a) from the manuscript (b) as drawing

Transliteration

SI 6378/12

r01 [...] ha taþ ku sī da : ×e [...]

r02 [...] vā²⁷ pi sū kùmaü × ×²⁸ [...]

r03 [...] lska²⁹ ⊙ [...]

 Transcription

r01 [...]ñ[ ] • sadaiva saükalpahataþ kusīda<þ> : ùe[k ...]

r02 [...] 32 sthūlān vitarkān atha vāpi sūkùm^<ā^>ü [...]

r03 [...] vitarkayan vai satataü vitarkāü • pälskä-⊙ [namane ...]

Commentary

r01 [ ]ñ[ ]: So maybe with Ogihara (2016: 232) or else [ ]k[?], certainly not with CEToM [ ]y[ ] and tentative restoration of snai maiyya ‘without strength, energy’ as inconvincing translation of Skt. nirāśaþ ‘without (false) hope, expectation’. In case of [ ]ñ[ ] one might consider *snai-päkwalñe ‘without confidence’, in case of [ ]k[?] *snai-pärmaïk ‘without hope’.

sadaiva: CEToM has sadaivaü. There is no anusvāra visible, Bernhard³⁰ also reads sadaiva.

kusīda<þ>: Principally <:> could represent visarga or punctuation. We decided for pausa form (with restored visarga³¹) followed by the punctuation mark at the end of the pāda. Bernhard³² has adopted the sandhi form kusīdo.

ùe[k] ‘always’, translation of Skt. sadā ‘id.’.

r03 pälskä[namane]: As translation of Skt. vitarkayan ‘thinking, reflecting’ Ogihara's restoration of pälskänamane³³ ‘id.’ is certainly correct, while CEToM suggests ungrammatical pälskemane.

Verso

Pl. 27‒3: SI 6378/12 ∞ SI 2996/1 V

Transliteration

SI 6378/12

v05 [...] jñ[ ]³⁴ [...]

v06 [...] ye³⁵ ùā ntu • ka [ ]ä [...]

v07 [...] ta : snai e ïka lñe sai [...]

Transcription

v05 [...] pälsko eïku ùäp • yudhyeta māraü prajñā- ○ [yudhena...]

v06 [...] kärsormeü 38 saübodhya³⁶ïgeùu yeùān tu • kä[ ]ä[...]

v07 [...] •³⁷ anupādānam āśrit^<ā^><þ>:³⁸ snai-eïkälñe sai[...]

Commentary

06 kä[ ]ä[…] Here one expects the translation of saübodhyaïga- ‘member of enlightenment’. Perhaps kä[rs]ä[lñeùùe] ‘pertaining to knowledge’ might be restored.

07 snai-eïkälñe ‘without grasping or clinging to existence’ corresponds to Skt. anupādāna- ‘the non-clinging to existence’. Bernhard's edition had accepted anupādāyam against the varia lectio anupādānam of ms AD61 (SHT 449 fol. 61r5 = idp SHT 449/11). The “sonst nirgends belegte” (elsewhere not attested) substantive anupādāya- was questioned in SWTF 1994–2018 (I 65) and even “should be abandoned” according to Ogihara.³⁹ As to anupādāyam, M. Balk,⁴⁰ like Pauly before him⁴¹, convincingly advocates the well attested negative gerund an-upādāya ‘not taking up, not clinging to’;⁴² the following nasal m is used in prevocalic position to avoid a hiatus or sandhi⁴³ and was later misunderstood as case ending. Thus, a new noun anupādāya- was born, which was mostly replaced by the usual anupādāna-.

sai[...] The TochB verb translating Skt. ā-śri ‘to betake one's self, resort to’ may have been saim yām- ‘to take refuge’.

28 SI 3717/4 (Kr VII/1)

Tiny fragment of a folio, presumably of poñhī format, just big enough to recognize traces of carefully written Tocharian B. But the sequence of akùara-s in A01 can hardly be TochB, but easily Sanskrit, which leads us to suspect that the text is bilingual. The mention of the Gautama indicates a Buddhist topic.

Provenance: Turfan, coll. by Krotkov around 1907.

Size: 3.5 cm × 2.8 cm.

Language: Bilingual(?) Sanskrit(?)⁴⁴ and Tocharian B.

Undetermined Buddhist text

A

Pl. 28‒1: SI 3717/4 A

Transliteration 01 [...] × s[ ] ti me [...] 02 [...] ne ntse gau ta [...] Transcription 01 [...] s[a]ti me [...] 02 [...]nentse gauta[m- ...]

B

Pl. 28‒2: SI 3717/4 B

Transliteration 01 [...] × • ai śamñe [...] 02 [...] yī • klā [...] Transcription 01 [...] × • aiśamñe [...] 02 [...] yī • klā[...]

Commentary

A 02 contains some case form or derivation of Gautame*, preceded by a genetive on -ntse (ùamānentse?).

B 01 aiśamñe ‘wisdom’ is the only complete form.

B 03 klā[ ] might be part of klāwi ‘fame’, but there are other options.

29 SI 3717/6 (Kr VII/1)

Fragment whose bizarre shape is similar to that of no. 22, which allows the conclusion that they were deposited together at the same site. Both sides are carefully inscribed with formal NTB, alternating between Sanskrit and Tocharian B translation; remains of five to six lines are preserved.

Provenance: Turfan, coll. by Krotkov around 1907.

Size: 4.4 cm × 5.7 cm.

Language: Sanskrit — Tocharian B bilingual.

Buddhist

A

Pl. 29‒1: SI 3717/6 A

Transliteration

01 [...] ś× ×m[ ] [...]

02 [...] • ra ska re te ki ññe [...]

03 [...] × • yśe lmeü ne [+ +] l[?]e [...]

04 [...] × t[ ] • sva b^h[ ] [ ]ts[ ] × [...]

05 [...] ×i ske ma ne [...]

Transcription

01 [...] ś× ×m[ ] [...]

02 [...] • räskare tekiññe [...]

03 [...] × • yśelmenne [+ +] l[?]e [...]

04 [...] × t[ ] • svabh[āp]ts[a] × [...]

05 [...] ×iskemane [...]

B

Pl. 29‒2: SI 3717/6 B

Transliteration

01 [...] × t[ ] × ×[...]

02 [...] • ka t^ha yā • pe lai k[ ]e ×e [...]

03 [...] ×s[ ] r[ ] [ ]t[ ]⁴⁵lñe • × [...]

04 [...] × [+ +] × ×e pa rsā tsñe •^? a nu n[ ] ya [...]

05 [...] × ri sra ve⁴⁶ ù[ ] • k[?]e × [...]

06 [...] l[ ] [...]

Transcription

01 [...] × t[ ] × ×[...]

02 [...] • kathayā • pelaik[n]e[ùù]e [...]

03 [...] ×s[ ] r[ ] [ ]t[ ]⁴⁷lñe • × [...]

04 [...] × [+ +] × ×e pärsā(n)tsñe •^?anun[a]ya[...]

05 [... pa]risraveù[u] • k[?]e × [...]

06 [...] l[ ] [...]

Commentary

A 02 räskare tekiññe ‘vehemently sick’, both lexemes well attested.⁴⁸

A 03 yśelmenne: Loc. pl. of yśelme ‘(sexual) pleasure’.⁴⁹

A 04 svabh[āp]ts[a]: ‘by self-nature’, Perlative of the loan word svabhāp < Skt. svabhāva‑.⁵⁰ Only one loop of the following grapheme is visible, which, however, could belong to an <u>. This recalls the word sequence THT 197a2 svabhāptsa upekù warpalñe ‘by self-nature, the sensation (Skt. vedanā-) of indifference (Skt. upekùā-)’. There it is about the status of indifference in relation to the sensations of happiness and sorrow. This problem might also have been dealt with here, which could speak for an Abhidharma text.

A 05 ×iskemane: PPrMP of an *-sk-stem, the root is unclear.

B 02 kathayā • pelaik[n]eù[ù]e […]: TochB ‘dharma-’ clarifies that kathā- (here instr. sg.) ‘telling’ is shortened from or stands for dharmakathā- ‘dharma preaching’.

B 03 ... lñe: The preserved graphemes point to rittālñe, abstr. of the verb ritt-, here because of the presumably preceding genitive (-[nt]s[e]) meaning ‘to be suitable for’.⁵¹

B 04 pärsā(n)tsñe: First attested nomen abstracti from pärsāntse ‘resplendent’,⁵² type astarñe ‘purity’ ← astare ‘pure’.

anun[a]ya[…]: A form of the verb anu-nī ‘to bring near, to conciliate’⁵³ or the derived noun anunaya- ‘conciliatory; conciliation, friendlyness and sim.’.⁵⁴

B 05 [pa]risraveù[u]: Etymologically parisrava- means ‘flowing, streaming’, but in Buddhist Sanskrit “it seems used in the sense of pariśraya = Pali parissaya, difficulty, trouble”.⁵⁵ In this sense and in the same case as in our manuscript, viz. loc. pl., the word is attested in AvDh 1992: 31.9 [a]ntarāya-parisraveùu vya[thā] ‘pain on the occasion of obstacles and troubles’.⁵⁶ It is even tempting to consider whether the fragment contains excerpts from the cited sūtra since B 04 anunaya- also belongs to its lexis.

30 SI 3716/3 (Kr VII/1)

Left upper/lower corner of a folio, presumably of poñhī format. Traces of two lines on A and one line on B.

Provenance: Turfan, coll. by Krotkov around 1907.

Size: 2.5 cm × 5.5 cm.

Language: Sanskrit — Tocharian B.

Undetermined

A

Pl. 30‒1: SI 3716/3 A

Transliteration -02 [?]t[ ]57 × [...] -01 vā • kra ïkai ññ[ ] × [...]

B

Pl. 30‒2: SI 3716/3 B

Transliteration 01 pra ×ā [+] ×e [...]

Commentary

The only certainly identifiable word is TochB kräïkaiññ[ ] ‘pertaining to a chicken’, so far only attested as an attribute of weüùùiye ‘excrement, dung’.⁵⁸ Unfortunately the qualified substantive is lost. A-01 vā can not be or belong to a TochB word. It is Skt. vā ‘or’ or the end of a word which points to a bilingual text. Another Skt. word might be B01 prasā[+]×e though a loan word is not excluded here.

31 SI 3717/5 (Kr VII/1)

Fragment with similar damage as no. 22 and no. 29 and therefore from the same place of discovery as the latter. Both sides are carefully inscribed with formal NTB, alternating between Sanskrit and Tocharian B translation; remains of four to five lines are preserved.

Provenance: Turfan, coll. by Krotkov around 1907.

Size: 4.0 cm × 4.2 cm.

Language: Sanskrit — Tocharian B bilingual

Undetermined

A

Pl. 31‒1: SI 3717/5 A

Transliteration 01 [...] [ ]du × [+] × [...] 02 [...] × na • ùa me m× [...] 03 [...] × • pa ly×[ ] [+] ykāü [...] 04 [...] × lai59[...] 05 […] × […] Transcription 01 [...] [ ]du × [+] × [...] 02 [...] × na • ùamem× [...] 03 [...] × • päly×[ ] [+] ykāü[ù- ...] 04 [...] × lai60 [...] 05 […] × […]

B

Pl. 31‒2: SI 3717/5 B

Transliteration 01 [...] × ×61 [...] 02 [...] ta rśau na [+ +] × ×[...] 03 [...] × pra hā õaü [...] 04 [...] [ ]e [...] Transcription 01 [...] × × [...] 02 [...] tarśauna [+ +] × ×[...] 03 [...] × prahāõaü [...] 04 [...] [ ]e [...]

Commentary

A 01 Probably Skt.

A 02 TochB ùamem× makes no sense; if -e was corrected to r-, one could suppose ùarmampa (for ùärmampa), comitative of ùarm, ‘(together) with the cause’, which would be in accord with restored Skt. [pratya]yena.

A 03 While the restoration of TochB pälyś[alñe] ‘(lit.) burning, torture, ascesis’,⁶² is relatively clear, TochB ykāü[ù-] may be part of a form of the substantive ykāüùe ‘aversion’ or of the verb ykāüùaññ- ‘to be disgusted’.⁶³

B 02 TochB tarśauna ‘deceptions’.⁶⁴

B 03 Skt. prahāõaü ‘abandonment; exertion’.

32 SI 3717/7 (Kr VII/1)

Fragment of a folio of poñhī format. Part of the upper/lower edge has been preserved, as well as part of the string-hole area that interrupts the second and third lines from the top/bottom. The number of lines should have been four.

Provenance: Turfan, coll. by Krotkov around 1907.

Size: 4.8 cm × 5.7 cm.

Language: Sanskrit — Tocharian B bilingual.

Undetermined

A

Pl. 32‒1: SI 3717/7 A

Transliteration 01 [...] × ma ùa lle • na65 pa [...] 02 [...] ⨀ smī ti [...] 03 [...] ⨀ ma 2 [...] Transcription 01 [...]maùälle • na pa[...] 02 [...] ⨀ smīti [...] 03 [...] ⨀ ma 2 [...]

B

Pl. 32‒2: SI 3717/7 B

Transliteration 01 [...] ⨀ ×py[ ] [...] 02 [...] [ ]sa ⨀ lñe • p[ ] [...] 03 [...] th[ ] ye yaü66 • re ki ×[...] Transcription 01 [...] ×py[ ] [...] 02 [...]lñe • p[ ] [...] 03 [...]th[ ]yeyaü • reki ×[...]

Commentary

A 01 [ ]maùälle: Restoration to ger.I of yām- ‘to do, make’, yamaùälle, is trivial.

na pa[ ]: Negation na and an undeterminable subsequent word. In case of reading ta instead of na almost certainly a form of tap- ‘to heat etc.’ or some deverbal noun from this root.

A 02 [ ]smīti: [a]smīti ‘I am’ (asmi) followed by the particle iti marking the end of direct speech.

B 02 [ ]sälñe: TochB abstract noun of some verb.

B 03 [ ]t^h[ ]yeyaü: Probably 1st sing. opt. prs. act. kathayeyaü ‘I might tell’ which is well compatible with the beginning of the TochB rendering.

reki ‘word, command’⁶⁷ translates a lost Skt. word.

2.2.3. Sanskrit — Uyghur

33 SI 3715/3; SI 3715/7 (Kr VII/1)

Two matching fragments from a Chinese scroll with the text of Bodhiruciʼs translation of the [Mahā]ratnakūña (T 310). The right end forms a gluing edge. The gluing must have been intact when a piece of unknown width was cut out of the scroll to write on the blank reverse. For this purpose, the sheet leaf was turned over the lower / upper edge and rotated 90° clockwise. After the Varõārhavarõa⁶⁸ another work of the famous Buddhist poet Mātçceña,⁶⁹ Prasādapratibhodbhava,⁷⁰ is now attested in the Uyghur literature.

Provenance: Turfan, coll. by Krotkov around 1907.

Size(s): SI 3715/3 3.8 cm × 5.0 cm; SI 3715/7 3.9 cm × 8.0 cm.

Joining: SI 3715/3 ∞ SI 3715/7.

Language(s): Chinese (recto), Sanskrit — Old Uyghur bilingual (verso).

Recto Pl. 33‒1: SI 3715/3 ∞ SI 3715/7 R (reconstruction)	Verso Pl. 33‒2: SI 3715/3 ∞ SI 3715/7

T 310 XI 260c17–18.

Prasādapratibhodbhava (= Śatapañcāśatka) of Mātçceña

verses 28–29 (= 2.2–3)

Transliteration

01 [...] b^hū⁷¹-t • i ctiü i ci Џa my[ ] × [...]

02 [...] [ ]ā • kyo õi eya wri śi-ï uyu zyā • tva yi • se ntyā • ni ùñ^hā ïga tā tyu ×yu [...]

03 [...] × ni ta • e-× ti-ï • stva yā ×e × [+] ×yā • su ca ri tai-Ÿ • eya d^hg₁yu kī ×ä-ñc lā[ ] Ÿ uy[ ] × [...]

04 [...] × × tu p×ā-k̄ la ri⁷²-ï • te • syā õi-ï 3 × [...]

Transcription

01 [...’]bhūt • ičtin ičikm[äk ...]

02 [...]ā • köni ävrišiŋ üzä • tvayi • sentä • niùñhāïgatā tü[z]ü [...]

03 [...] n^<ī^>ta- • elt(t)iŋ • -s tvayā se[ni ü]zä • sucaritair ⋅ ädgü kılınčlar ü[zä ...]

04 [...]si⋅ tupraklarıŋ • te • säniŋ 3 × [...]

Translation

01 (Skt.) was • (Uygh.) the entering inside

02 (Skt.) ... (Uygh.) by your honest conduct • (Skt.) in you, (Uygh.) in you • (Skt.) having arrived (Uygh.) complete...

03 (Skt.) (was) lead (Uygh.) you carried • (Skt.) by you (Uygh.) by you • (Skt.) by good actions, (Uygh.) by good actions

04 (Skt.)..., (Uygh.) your impurities • (Skt.) your, (Uygh.) your 3

Sanskrit text with translation

For convenience and better understanding of the fragment the complete text and translation of the two ślokas are presented.⁷³ The preserved parts of our ms. are marked as follows:

bold  Sanskrit only

underlined Uyghur only

bold underlined Sanskrit and Uyghur.

(a) hetuùv abhiniveśo ’bhūt (b) guõānāü na phaleùu te |

(c) tena samyakpratipadā (d) tvayi niùñhāï gatā⁷⁴ guõāþ ‖ [2] (=28)

_________________

(d) ShB: tvayi niùñþāü guõā gatāþ (Ms. A); SHT 709v1: [...] + guõā gatāþ 28; SHT 224rx (IDP 224/1): [...] ù[ñh]āï gatā guõā [...]; SHT 440v5: niùñhāï ga[t]ā g[u ...]; Pell. Skt. bleu 168vc [...] niùñhāï gatāü [...]; SHT 519 fol. 3r4 (IDP 519/2): niùñhāgatā ⦅gu⦆õāþ 2 (read niùñhā<ü>gatā?); ShB Ms. H (= H.149.x.17 = Or.15011/13r5; ed. Hoernle in Hoernle, MR: 64): niùñþāü gat[ā] guõā 28; Or.15004/42v3: [...] × yi niùñhāü gat[ ] + [...]; SHT 356v2 (IDP 356/1): niù[ñh]ā + + guõā 28.

(b-) Your (a) devotion was to the causes (-b) of virtue[s], not to their results. (c) Therefore, by means of your perfect way of conduct (d) the virtues attained in you their culmination.

*

(a) tathātmā pracayaü nītas (b) tvayā sucaritair yathā |

(c) puõyāyatanatāü prāptāny (d) api pādarajāüsi te ‖ 3 (=29)

(a–b) You raised yourself to such a height by good actions that (d) even the dust of your feet (c) became a receptacle of merit.

*

Commentary

01 ičtin ičikm[äk] is a felicitous rendering of the not preserved Skt. abhiniveśa- liter. ‘entering’, usually metaphorically ‘devotion, adherence’, accordingly Uygh. ičik- ‘to enter’ and especially ‘to capitulate, submit’.⁷⁵ Uygh. ičtin ‘inside’ reflects the Skt. preverbs abhi-ni-.

02 köni ävrišiŋ üzä: köni ‘upright, honest’ renders Skt. samyak- as in köni tüz(üni) tuymak ∼ Skt. samyaksaübodhi-. Äwriš ‘behaviour, conduct’⁷⁶, here equivalent of the rather sophisticated Skt. pratipad-, is possibly a calque of TochA spārtwlune (~ TochB spārttalyñe) ‘conduct’ from spārtw- (~ TochB spārtt-) ‘to turn, behave’, as Uygh. ävriš from ävir- ‘to turn’, cf. also the parallel syntagmata ‘conduct’ + ‘make, do’ A (= THT 886) 253 a 5 spārtwlune yatär⁷⁷ ‘leads his life’ — MaitrUigT I p.112 l.17 ädgü ävriš kılur ‘leads a good life’. The Tocharian for its part imitates the Indian pattern vçtti- et al. ‘conduct’ ∼vçt- ‘to turn’.⁷⁸

sentä: The Brāhmī spelling confirms -e-⁷⁹ as against -i-;⁸⁰ also acc. seni in l. 03.

tü[z]ü ‘complete’ is the beginning of the translation of Skt. niùñhā- ‘completion, perfection’.

03 elt(t)iŋ: From the Sanskrit it is clear that eltiŋ can not be imperative pl., but must be the preterit form elt(t)iŋ ‘you (sing.) carried’. The Uygh. translator has transformed the Skt. passive sentence ‘your self was lead’ into ‘you carried yourself’. The Skt. agentive instrum. tvayā ‘by you’ survived in the Uygh. seni⁸¹ üzä ‘by you(rself)’, beyond the Sanskrit emphasizing that the action happened without outside help.

04 tupraklarıŋ: tuprak ‘dust’, rendering the Skt. equivalent rajas-, here not used metaphorically as e.g. in TT VIII A 7 f. Skt. vigatarajā(þ), Uygh. tar[ı]k[m]ıš toz tupraklıglar ‘those whose (moral) impurities₂ have gone away’.

säniŋ: The gen. has -ä- as usual, opposed to acc. and loc. s. above l. 02 ad sentä.

34 SI 2965/1 (B/29-1); SI 2965/2 (B/29-2)

Two perfectly fitting fragments (s. pl. 34-2) are part of a Chinese scroll containing Kumārajīva’s Pañcaviüśatisāhasrikāmahāprajñāpāramitā (T 223) or his Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa (T 1509), for the reconstruction s. pl. 34-1. Of the height of the scroll, whose upper edge is almost reached at the highest preserved point, 15 of about 26 cm remain, from which it can be concluded that the scroll has not been cut in half horizontally before being re-used, as is often the case. The scroll or a piece of unknown width was turned over the upper/lower edge and rotated 90° clockwise. The blank reverse was used to write on a bilingual Sanskrit — Uyghur text which presents excerpts from Sūtra-s of the Saüyuktāgama.

Provenance: On baš Ming öy, coll. by Berezovsky, in 1905–1907.

Size(s): SI 2965/1 11.5 cm × 8.6 cm; SI 2965/2 10.2 cm × 8.1 cm; after joining: 15 cm × 15.4 cm.

Joining: SI 2965/1∞ 2965/2.

Language(s): Chinese (recto), Sanskrit — Uyghur bilingual (verso).

Saüyuktāgama

Recto

Pl. 34‒1: SI 2965/1 ∞ 2965/2 R (reconstruction)

T 223 VIII 18a8–12 or T 1509 XXV 735a18–23 (with var.)

Verso

Pl. 34‒2: SI 2965/1 ∞ 2965/2 V

Transliteration

01 [...] kr[ ] m[ ] t[ ] k̄[ ] [?]g₁[ ]⁸² [+] × [...]

02 [...] a śi-g₁ te-p • ta trā svā da ma la ×e⁸³ [...]

03 [...] × la mā sā dya • tā śi-g₁ tu śu-× [...]

04 [...] ×⁸⁴ va ⁸⁵ ×⁸⁶ tu [+ + + +] × ?⁸⁷ ma hā b^hū ttyo zly[ ] g₁yo ï⁸⁸ • ū ktā nāü • ×i [...]

05 [...] pra paü ca • a zyā ryu-Ÿ • ā zu tu tñā k̄lāü mā rū⁸⁹ lū-hk^h tu tñā qyā ryu-Ÿ⁹⁰ ca kù[ ] • kyo-z myo⁹¹ • ru pa õāü s[ ]ü [...]

06 [...] pyo tāü pā lmī śpo lsā rlā-r • ta⁹² tta⁹³yo • o lo lā rri⁹⁴ ki ñyu-ï • saü yo ja ti • pā g₁i eya r[ ] [...]

07 [...] ×i kyo tryo lmī śñi-ï⁹⁵ ca kùu rā nye ùāü • k[?]o [...]

08 [...] lī⁹⁶ ×o ×⁹⁷ vi ca⁹⁸ rā n[ ]a⁹⁹ ri kā yāü [...]

Transcription

1 [...]kr[a]m[ ]t k[ar]g[a] [+] × [...]

2 [...] ašıg tep • tatrāsvādam alab[dhv]ai[va ...]

3 [... ś]ailam āsādya • taśıg tuśu[p ...]

4 [...] × catu[r- + + + +] × <4> mahabut tözl_[ö_]g öŋ • ^<№^>ktānāü • ×i [...]

5 [...] prapaüca<þ> • az ärür • azu tutñaklanma<g>uluk tutñak ärür cakù[u]<þ> • köz mö • r^<ū^>p^<ā^>õāü s[a]ü[...]

6 [... tö]pötan balmıš bolsarlar • tat tayo(þ) • ol olar ikinüŋ • saüyojati • bagı är[ür ...]

7 [... at]ı kötrölmišniŋ cakùur anyeùāü • k^[ö^][zi ...]

8 [... Ka]l^<ї ^>[ü]gop[a]vic^<ā^>rān[t]arikāyāü [...]

Commentary

The manuscript shows some remarkable features. Regarding paleography, it should be noted that the virāma dot and virāma line are sometimes lacking. As a result of scriptio continua words appear connected, 04 mahabut ̮tözl[ö]g ̮öŋ, 05 az ̮ ärür, tutñak ̮ ärür, 06 balmıš ̮ bolsarlar, ol ̮ olar ̮ ikinüŋ. The linguistic characteristics are as follows: There is met with (1) persevering vowel assimilation in 05 köz mö, 07 kötröl- and (2) the unusual genet. suffix -nUŋ after unrounded vocalism, 06 ikinüŋ. Tutñak versus usual tutyak and abl. suffix +tAn vs. + tIn count as archaisms.¹⁰⁰

1–3 The first three lines of our ms. belong to the final stanzas of the Sūtra, which survives under number 246 in Guõabhadra’s Chinese version of the Saüyuktāgama [= SĀ] (T 99 II 59a3-b7), 59b2–7.¹⁰¹ The notoriously free Chinese rendering does not reflect the wording of the original and is therefore text-critically irrelevant. It is supplemented by two Pali stanzas¹⁰² which, although belonging to a different tradition, harmonise better in wording with the fragmentary Sanskrit version:

1 medavaõõañ ca (va Sn) pāsāõaü vāyaso anupariyagā

2 ap‛ ettha mudu vindema  api assādanā siyā

3 aladdhā tattha assādaü  vāyas’ etto apakkame (°mi Sn)

4 kāko va selam āsajja  nibbijjāpema Gotamā (°maü Sn) ti

(1) A crow circled a stone which looked like fat (2a) (thinking:) “Perhaps we shall find something soft here; (2b) perhaps there may be (something) sweet.” (3a) Not obtaining (anything) sweet, (3b) the crow went away from there. (4a) Like the crow having attacked the rock (went away disappointed), (4b) we (i.e. Māra) will go away from Gautama (after having unsuccessfully attacked him).¹⁰³

1 [...]kr[a]m[ ]t k[ar]g[a]: At the beginning of the Sanskrit part must have been excerpted the equivalent of Uygh. k[ ]g[ ], the completion of which to karga ‘crow’ only became evident after the identification. Coincidentally, the relevant passage is completely preserved in SHT V 1441r1: vāyaso ’nuparākrame, which according to the editors is to be completed to anuparākramet. The combined preverb anu-parā-, however, is rarely used and never attested with kram or any other verb meaning ‘to go’, while anu-pari-kram-/gam-/gā-/i- ‘to go around’ occur regularly, so too in the parallel Pali versions, anupariyagā ‘went around’. Doubts are also expressed by SWTF,¹⁰⁴ which tries to do justice to anu-parā- with the translation “zufliegen auf [fly towards](?), drauflosgehen [go at](?)”. Another difference is the hypothetical optative compared to the narrative aorist in Pali, which might have a good equivalent in Skt. *anuparyakramīt, for example. Neither the Chinese while paraphrasing nor our manuscript, which has been destroyed at the crucial parts, are informative on these points.

2 ašıg tep: Uygh. tep ‘(literally) saying’ marks the end of direct speech act or thought and often corresponds to the Skt. iti (Pā. iti, ti). In our case, the thought of the crow remains unmarked in the Pāli text (l. 2). Assuming the same in the Skt. version, Uygh. tep is added for clarification; the same effect is achieved by the Chinese translator through 想 ‘think’. Uygh. ašıg ‘food (acc.)’ may also be explanatory, since at least in Pāli such a noun is missing. The Chinese translator has 食 ‘food’, but before and not within the quotation of the crow’s thought. Without the Skt. original, we cannot know whether with Uygh. tep the thought of the crow is completed as a whole or only the first part of his reflection. In the first case, the accusative ašıg as object of a transitive verb would indicate that Pā. l. 2 pāda b (with the intransitive verb as- ‘to be’) would not be present in the Skt. original or would have exchanged places with pāda a.

tatrāsvādam alab[dhv]ai[va]: The excerpt is undoubtedly the equivalent of Pā. l. 3 pāda a: aladdhā tattha assādam ‘without getting/having got an agreeable taste’; accordingly, the restoration of alabdhvā (Pā. aladdhā) ‘without taking, or getting/ having taken, or got’ is certain. To complete the pāda, it must have been followed by a two-syllable word beginning with i or e, the initial sound of which is contracted with the final ā of alabdhvā to e (ā+i) or ai (ā+e). The reinforcing particle eva is the most likely candidate.

3 [ś]ailam āsādya: Equivalent of Pā. l. 4 pāda a: selam āsajja. The restoration of śaila- ‘stone, rock’ had already succeeded with the help of Uygh. tašıg ‘stone (acc.)’ before the parallel was found. The trace of diacritic upon the akùara preceding la could easily be part of <-ai>. Āsādya is formally the absolutivum (or gerund) of the causativum ā-sādaya- from ā-sad- ‘to sit (down)’, often like the causative in the meaning ‛to meet, to approach (also: with physical or verbal violence)’. The context shows that ‛having attacked (with the beak)’ is meant, which the Uygh. translator renders by the neutral

tušup ‘meeting with’. The accusative (tašıg) in place of the usual dative (taška) is seemingly due to the Sanskrit model.

4 catu[r-]: The first akùara looks more like va, but the only way to make a meaningful connection with the Uygh. rendering is ca. If read and completed correctly and taking into account the Uygh. text, this should be an excerpt from Sūtra 248, the equivalent of 四大色 (59b24). In consequence, the numeral 4 was also conjectured for the Uygh.:

<4> mahabut tözl[ö]g öŋ ‘the form having the 4 great elements as basis’.

^<№^>ktānāü: ‘of the said (pl.)’ without an obvious localisation of the excerpt. No presumption about the Uygh. equivalent is possible since no word with the meaning ‘to say’ has an i/ı in the first syllable.

5 prapaüca<þ>: On a secure basis rests the assumption that this excerpt is connected with the Chin. Sūtra 249. The Pāli parallel¹⁰⁵ proves this with the several times occurring papañca-. Edgerton remarks that “prapañca ... is a word which in Pali and BHS is very hard to define ... Northern translations are unusually bewildering.”¹⁰⁶ The Uygh. translation az ärür ‘is greed’, though somewhat surprising because commonly used to render Skt. tçùõā ‘(lit.:) thirst; craving’ and rāga ‘(lit.:) colour; passion’,¹⁰⁷ may be connected with an exegetical tradition which perhaps also appears in the Laïkāvatārasūtra (ed. Suzuki) 186.8f. jalpaprapañcābhiratā hi bālās ... jalpo hi traidhātukaduþkhayonis ‘fools delight in jalpa and idle fancies (?...) ... for jalpa is the source of the misery of the universe’.¹⁰⁸ When agreeing with Edgerton (l. c.) that “[t]his [i.e. jalpa-] seems more naturally to mean desire than (idle) talk”¹⁰⁹ one is inclined to think that the same is true for prapañca- which then would form together with jalpa- a synonym dvandva comparable with lobha-jalpa- “greed₂” (l.c.). The Uygh. translator continues with an alternative rendering:

azu tutñaklanma<g>uluk tutñak ärür. There is undoubtedly a reference to Pa. appapañcaü papañceti¹¹⁰ (nominalized *appapañco papañco), which e.g., Bhikkhu Bodhi¹¹¹ renders by “one proliferates that which is not to be proliferated” and further explains (o.c. 1710 fn. 881): “The Pali word papañca suggests mental fabrication, obsessive mental construction, and deluded conceptualization, which the commentaries say arise from craving, conceit, and wrong views (taõhā, māna, diññhi)”. The Chinese translator Guõabhadra takes a similar view, using 虚言 ‘empty words’(60a19) and 虚僞¹¹² ‘(lit.:) empty (and) false (scil. concepts, words)’ (60a20). As expected, due to the preceding az ‘greed’, the Uyghur gives a different interpretation for *aprapañcaþ prapañcaþ. Tutñak and the denominative verb tutñaklan- are obviously corresponding with elsewhere attested tutyak¹¹³ and tutyaklan-. Tutyak seems to be a nominal derivation from tut- ‘to hold, grasp, seize’ and is understood as ‘grasping, Skt. upādāna-; grahaõa-’.¹¹⁴ Clauson¹¹⁵ took the extraordinary suffix -yak as “[s]ec(ondary) f(orm) of ... -yok” “with an early example of the sound change -o- > -a-”. But the per se artificial derivation cannot explain ñ (> y). The word remains morphologically obscure. The form tutyaklanmak of the denominative verb tutyaklan- stands for Skt. upādāna as well.¹¹⁶ The rendition of tutñaklanmaguluk tutñak would then be ‘the grasping of what should not be grasped’.

cakù[u]<þ> • köz mö: The combination of the partly preserved Skt. and Uygh. parts lead to the respective lexemes for ‘eye’. Uygh. mö, if read correctly, can hardly be anything other than the enclitic interrogative particle mU, which is subject to synharmonisation and appears here fully assimilated to the -ö- of köz.

r^<ū^>p^<ā^>õāü s[a]ü[yogaþ] ‘the bond of the forms (visible objects)’. It is tempting to restore saüyogaþ and connect this excerpt with the previous one: ‘is the eye the connection to the forms?’ If so, we can see in it the correspondence to the initial question of Sūtra 250: 眼繋色耶 (60a29) ‘is the eye connected to the form?’ or vice versa. Then the same is asked for the other 5 senses and their objects.

6 Properly understood, the connection between sense organs and their objects can be compared to that which exists in a team of two oxen: What is ‘yoke and harness’ (軛鞅 60b6) in the latter is ‘longing and desire’ (欲貪 60b5) in the former. The excerpts of line 6 belong to the oxen simile.

[tö]pötan balmıš bolsarlar ‘when they are attached from the head’. The restoration of töpö- ‘top; head’ is certain because there is no other noun ending in -öpö. The preclassic abl. suffix +tAn does not show the expected front vocalism.

ol olar ikinüŋ ‘that, of these two’: The Uyghur disambiguates the ambiguous Skt. spelling which must accordingly be read tat tayo(þ) ‘id.’. — Noticeable is the rare realization +nüŋ of the genitive morpheme +nXŋ in unrounded milieu.¹¹⁷

saüyojati • bagı är[ür ...] (Skt.) ‘binds together’; (Uygh.) ‘is the bond of’. The Uygh. part could be united with the previous phrase: ‘that is the bond of these two’, but the Skt. syntax contradicts because in this case ‘these two’ would have to be in the accusative as the object of saüyojati.

7 At the end of the short Sūtra (60b17ff.) it is said that the eye of the Exalted One does not give rise to longing and desire when seeing forms, unlike the eye of other beings, which is why the Exalted One teaches liberation from longing and desire.

[at]ı kötrölmišniŋ ‘of the Bhagavant’, liter. ‘of the one whose name is exalted’.

cakùur anyeùāü • k^[ö^][zi ...] (Skt.) ‘eye of others’; (Uygh.) ‘eye of’.

8 [Ka]l^<ї^>[ü]gop[a]vic^<ā^>rān[t]arikāyāü: ‘in the Kaliïgopavicāra’¹¹⁸ From the beginning of the Sūtra 252, the Upasenasūtra, which was apparently very popular in Central Asia and has also been transmitted separately,¹¹⁹ part of the very detailed indication of the Upasena’s whereabouts. Here and in the British Library fragment Or. 15009/662 a3¹²⁰ its spelling is Kaliïgo°, which is preferable to Kaliüko° in Waldschmidt’s manuscript, 1423, 1.3: kaliüko° (= idp SHT 61/1 r3).

35 SI 2965/3 (B/29-3)

Fragment from a scroll with the Chinese translation of the Saddharmapuõóarīka by Kumārajīva (T 262) or Jñānagupta and Dharmagupta (T 264). The free reverse was used to write a bilingual Sanskrit — Old Uyghur text on containing a piece of grammar, possibly on sandhi rules.

Provenance: On baš Ming Öy, coll. by Berezovsky, in 1905–1907.

Size: 6.0 cm × 5.7 cm.

Language: Chinese (recto), Sanskrit — Old Uyghur bilingual (verso).

Grammar

Recto Pl. 35‒1: SI 2965/3 R (reconstruction)

Verso Pl. 35‒2: SI 2965/3 V

T 262 IX 56a8–11 or T 264 IX 191a2–5

Transliteration

01 [...] ×nI-ï • y[ ] t^hā kr[ ] [...]

02 [...] × kā re • śa u ùi-k [...]

03 [...] u pa di li g₁lā [ ]i [...]

04 [...] r keü le g₁tyā • sa [?]v[ ] [...]

05 [...] × × ùi-× × [...]

Transcription

01 [...]nIŋ • y[a]thākr[amaü ...]

02 [...] × kāre • ša užik [...]

03 [...] upadilıgla[r]ı [...]

04 [...]r kenlegtä • sa[r]v[a- ...]

05 [...] × [u]ži[k] × [...]

Commentary

01 The Uygh. gen. is certain, the restoration of Skt. yathākramaü, or yathākrameõa ‘in due succession’ quite likely.

02 × kāre • ša užik: (Skt.) ‘before the letter [ ]’, (Uygh.) ‘the letter, or akùara ša’. × is definitely not part of <ś> and thus Uygh. ša užik does not translate × kāre. The sūtra could have been something like ‘before the letter (-kāre) [X the letter Y changes into] the letter ś’. This sandhi rule would be of the type Kātantra I 5,1 visarjanīyaś ce che vā śam ‘visarga (changes) into ś before c or ch’. × might in fact be the right loop of <c^h>.

03 upadilıgla[r]ı ‘those of [ ] which have [...] upadi’. The loanword upadi is a crux. Under the premise that we are concerned with a grammatical text on sandhi, borrowing from upadhi- BS ‘fundament (of the worldly existence)’¹²¹ is out of place as well as upādhi- ‘specification’ which is used as grammatical terminus technicus,¹²² but not in the context of sandhi rules. A suitable etymon, but formally difficult because of the final -i, would be upadhā- ‘the penultimate letter, or sound’.

04 r kenlegtä ‘in […] with final r’. The interpretation is hypothetic.

05 The preserved traces are well compatible with < u ùi-k> in line 2.

36 SI 3716/7 (Kr VII/1)

Fragment from a scroll with Saïghabhadra’s Chinese translation of either Nyāyānusāraśāstra[?] (T 1562) or Abhidharmapiñakaprakaraõaśāsanaśāstra (T 1563). The free reverse was used to write on a Sanskrit — Old Uyghur bilingual text.

Provenance: Turfan, coll. by Krotkov around 1907.

Size: 3.2. cm × 8.2 cm.

Language(s): Chinese (recto), Sanskrit (?) — Uyghur bilingual (verso).

Undetermined

Recto Pl. 36‒1: SI 3716/7 R (reconstruction)	Verso Pl. 36‒2: SI 3716/7 V

T 1562 XXIX 349b17-18 or T1563 XXIX 788a11-12.

Transliteration

01 [...] • ā tmo pa¹²³ yā te¹²⁴ • × tyo zyu¹²⁵ myo ltyo ×[...]

02 [...] [ ]āü • myā ïi lya yiü [...]

Transcription

01 [...] • ātmopЁyāt<i> • ätözüm öltö [...]

02 [...]āü • mäŋiläyin [...]

Translation

01 (Skt.) the self approaches, (Uygh.) my self died

02 (Skt.) may I […], (Uygh.) may I be happy!

Commentary

01 Skt. excerpt and Uygh. translation individually are not clear, the combination of both helps to exclude some readings, but leads to no conclusive understanding. After Uygh. ‘my self died’¹²⁶ one would expect something like Skt. *ātmāpayātaþ ‘the self has gone away’. But o in ātmo° only admits of upЁyā- ‘to approach (scil. death?)’. Next difficulty is final <te> which cannot be taken as PPt., but must be 3rd sing. Pr. middle, maybe erroneously for act. -ti.

02 From the Uygh. it appears that Skt. [...]āü is the remainder of the 1st sing. opt. prs. act. on -yām (athematic) or -eyām (thematic). Several verbs come into question, tuù-, and inter alia.

2.2.4 Tocharian B — Uyghur

37 SI 3715/1; SI 3716/4; SI 3717/1 (Kr VII/1); SI 3754 (Kr VIII/6-3)

It was Ogihara who established that the fragments listed were taken from a Chinese scroll with Dharmarakùa's translation of the Pañcaviüśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā (T 222). The first three fragments form an almost complete series; the fourth fragment follows at a greater distance (see pl. 37‒1). A longer strip was cut from the lower edge of the scroll. Length and width cannot be determined. Nothing indicates that this strip was cut up any further; it served as a scroll again. After it had been turned over the long edge and rotated 90° counterclockwise, the blank reverse was used to write a bilingual on, in which individual words from a Tocharian B text were translated into Uyghur. So far, no text known from elsewhere could be recognized in the incoherent words; preterital verb forms might indicate a narrative text.

Provenance: Turfan, coll. by Krotkov around 1907.

Size(s): SI 3715/1 15.1 cm × 7.8 cm; SI 3716/4 8.8 cm × 6.9 cm; SI 3717/1 3.6 cm × 4.7 cm; SI 3754 8.7 cm × 8.7 cm.

Joining: SI 3715/1 + 3716/4 + 3754 + 3717/1

Language(s): Chinese (recto), Tocharian B — Old Uyghur bilingual (verso).

Published in: Ogihara 2018: e31–e35.

Narrative text?

Recto

Pl. 37‒1: SI 3715/1 + 3716/4 + 3754 + 3717/1 R (reconstruction)

T 222 VIII 163b12ff. [b11–c17, DM] (Ogih.)

Verso

37.1 SI 3715/1

Pl. 37‒2: SI 3715/1 V

Transliteration

01 [...] ×yu kyā¹²⁷ ni ¹²⁸ ×r[ ]¹²⁹ • e k[ ]¹³⁰ [...]

02 [...] × • si śg₁ā¹³¹ yā g₁u hoü [...]

03 [...] lg₁ā li • sa-rk • a rk̄ā si ndā [...]

04 [...] l[ ] rtg₁yā¹³² li • wa wā ntsa ñe • b^hyo zci¹³³ • × [...]

05 [...] k[ ] ×¹³⁴ ki [ ]i [+] • te saü va¹³⁵ ra¹³⁶ • ya rri k̄ci¹³⁷ • o × [...]

06 [...] [ ]s[ ] [ca. 5 akù. ] -r spa rtta ñe • mo ño-¹³⁸ [...]

07 [...] ×i • lyo¹³⁹ ×u¹⁴⁰ [?]k× • t×¹⁴¹ tti g₁ci • lu wa kwā t×e¹⁴² [...]

08 [...] [ ]ā¹⁴³ i śki rtti • pa rsa-nt • × [...]

09 [...] • yyu¹⁴⁴-ï u¹⁴⁵ rmi-ù kyu syāü sa¹⁴⁶ g₁[ ]¹⁴⁷ [...]

10 [...] pa¹⁴⁸ l[?]e tt[ ]¹⁴⁹ • to k̄i mā-k̄ • śā-k¹⁵⁰ • se¹⁵¹-g₁ • wa la × [...]

11 [...] ¹⁵²yā [ca. 6 akù.] × × ka ñi n[ ]¹⁵³ [...]

Transcription

01 [...]ü kä ni ×r[ ]¹⁵⁴ • ek[...]

02 [...] × [+] × × • sı šga¹⁵⁵ ya gu hon [...]

03 [...]lgalı • sark • arkasında [...]

04 [...]l[ ]rtgäli • wawāntsañe • bözči • × [...]

05 [...] × × ki [+ +] • te saüvara • yarıkčı • o [...]

06 [...]s[ ca. 5 akù. ]r sparttañe • mono[ ] [...]

07 [...] ×i • lyo[ ]uk[ ]¹⁵⁶ • t[i]tigči • luwa kwātse[...]

08 [...]ā išKirti • pärsant • × [...]

09 [...] yüŋ urmıš küsän sag¹⁵⁷ [...]

10 [...] pa l[?]e tta • tokımak • śāk¹⁵⁸ • sıg¹⁵⁹ • walä × [...]

11 [...] yā [ ca. 6 akù.] × × kañi n[ ]¹⁶⁰ [...]

Commentary

01 [ ]ü kä ni ×r[ ]: Unclear.

ek[ ... ] or erk[...]: Both alternatives admit of various restorations.

02 sı šga ya gu hon [...]: One could try to analyse the series of akùara-s into sıšgay¹⁶¹ ‘will swell’, agug (acc.) ‘poison’, on ‘ten’. But the resulting sequence of words appears to be senseless.

03 [...]lgalı: Converb on +gAlI¹⁶² from any verb stem with final l and back vocalism, e.g. kılgalı, kıl- ‘to do’.

sark • arkasında: Uygh. ‘on (+da) the back (arka) of (+ın)’ clarifies that TochB sark¹⁶³ represents the obl. used in local sense. By and large in accordance with Ogihara.

04 [...]l[ ]rtgäli: Again (s. l. 03) converb on +gAlI, this time better determinable; there are only three verbs attested which match the preserved sequence of consonants, viz. bälgürt- ‘make manifest’, kälürt- ‘to bring’, ölürt- ‘to get so. killed’.

wawāntsañe • bözči: Uygh. bözči¹⁶⁴, nomen actoris (+čI)¹⁶⁵ from böz ‘cotton’, means ‘weaver of cotton cloth’¹⁶⁶ and would perfectly correspond with TochB wawāntsa (younger variant of wapāntsa¹⁶⁷) ‘weaver’. The TochB derivation on -ññe, either abstract formation¹⁶⁸ or adjective, is not included in the Uygh. rendering.

05 te saüvara • yarıkčı: As already seen by Ogihara, the Uygh. yarıkčı is nomen agentis (+čI) from yarık ‘(body) armour’¹⁶⁹, thus meaning ‘armourer’.¹⁷⁰ The TochB part is difficult in itself. Ogihara acceptably defined te as nom./obl. ntr. of the pronoun se ‘this’ and did not try to make sense out of what he read saüùara. The here favoured reading saüvara looks like the Skt. lexeme ‘restraint, control, discipline’. Admittedly, it would be surprising to see the word in its Skt. form while it occurs elsewhere in TochB habit as saüvЁr;¹⁷¹ therefore, perhaps saüvar a°, <-a> belonging to the following word.¹⁷² In addition, there is an obvious asymmetry between the TochB excerpt and the Uygh. rendering. If at all, saüvar and yarık are connected by the way of allegory, ‘armour’ standing metaphorically for ‘discipline’ just as for ‘endurance’ in the “Gleichnis vom Wagen (chariot-simile)”.¹⁷³ Yarıkčı might accordingly be abridged from *sanvarlıg yarıkčı ‘someone who makes discipline his armour’. If so, the adjective TochB saüvar<ä>[ùùe-] “consisting of discipline” might be considered.

06 [...]r sparttañe • mono[ŋ ...]: Both phrases are incomplete. In TochB sparttañe (<°alñe)¹⁷⁴ one recognizes spārttalñe¹⁷⁵ ‘behaviour’, without the correct ā-diacritic in the first syllable. The Uygh. equivalent is lost. Slightly damaged, but easily restorable is Uygh. monoŋ, the gen. sing. of bo ‘this’, monuŋ¹⁷⁶, here with persevering assimilation o–u > o–o. The TochB counterpart is lacking.

07 lyo[ ]uk[ ] • t[i]tigči: The Uygh. nomen actoris (+čI)¹⁷⁷ from titig ‘mud, clay’ occurs in a list of workmen and may mean “Ziegelhersteller”¹⁷⁸ (brickmaker) or “a man who makes mud walls”¹⁷⁹ or generally ‘someone working with clay’. For the restoration of the TochB part it is no help that kärkālle is known as equivalent of Uygh. titig.¹⁸⁰ As to our -uk-, deverbal nomen agentis on -uki comes to mind, which would perfectly correspond with Uygh. +čI. Since the -uki-formation is derived exclusively from *-s- and -sk-presents, the suffix should be preceded by -(ù)ù-.¹⁸¹ Palaeographically justifiable is lyo[pù]uk[i] from lup-, laup- which forms the -s- present lup-s/ù-. Thus *lupùuki would be expected from which the attested form deviates in the root vowel and in the palatalization of the l-. The former, -o- < -au-, could be transferred from the causative, the latter could be due to the influence of the semantically similar lyu- ‘to rub’.¹⁸² The semantic side is relatively unproblematic: ‘one who smears (scil. clay)’ can very well be someone ‘who works with clay’. The close relationship between ‘clay’ and ‘to smear’ is based on the matter and is linguistically shown by the fact that words for clay can be derived from a root ‘to smear’, such as the Germanic *laima/ōn > German Lehm, English loam from *h₂leiÂH- ‘to smear’, cf. LIV² 277.

luwa looks like the obl. sing. of luwo ‘animal’. The rest is unclear; kwāts (cf. DTB2 I 254) e[…] is too uncertain. But if kwātsi could be read, perhaps nebenform of kautsi, infin. of kau- ‘to kill’.

08 išKirti: Principally possible iš kirti ‘work entered’ makes poor sense. Therefore, the word for ‘a kind of Chinese embroidered silk brocade’¹⁸³ is preferable, as was proposed by Ogihara. The latest publication¹⁸⁴ has the lemma ešgirti. In the Orkhon inscriptions, according to the kind information of M. Ölmez (p.c.), the initial sound is always written with the i-rune; the Uygh. Script has <'y> without exception. This tends to argue for /i/ which is confirmed now by the present manuscript. The only counter-instance occurs in Kashgari's Divan, <'škurty>, which is transcribed by the editors — omitting the -r- which disturbs the systematics — as ešgǖti, DLT (ed. D&K) I 164. In this the e- is a compromise owing to Old Uygh. testimonies; for *äšGü(r)ti would be the first choice. However, since Kashgari's lexeme is probably taken from Karakhanid, its value for the Uyghur is less than that of the Brāhmī spelling. The Brāhmī middle -k- is also to be taken seriously: in our manuscript it stands for the voiceless palatal velar, while its voiced counterpart is represented by g₁(y). However, it cannot be ruled out that the k spelling comes from another orthographic tradition where< k> ⇒ /k', g'/; in this case, the g of the Orkhon inscriptions would also apply to the Uygh. Thus, it is advisable to keep the question of velar open in Uyghur for the time being.

pärsant (read: pärsānt) appears to be the basis substantive of the adjective (-tstse¹⁸⁵) pärsāntse ‘resplendent’. Ogihara refers to the verb pärs- ‘to sprinkle, splash’, but does not interpret the word.

09 yüŋ urmıš: ‘on which a wool (or: feathers) is/are placed, or who has placed wool (or: feathers)’. Yüŋ seems to be the palatal variant of yuŋ ‘wool, feathers’¹⁸⁶; urmıš ‘(having) put, or placed’, deverbative noun on -mIš from ur- ‘to put, place’ was also recognized by Ogihara while he left yüŋ uninterpreted.

küsän s/čak/g[?]¹⁸⁷ : The first obvious idea was küsänčig¹⁸⁸ ‘desirable’. But there is no trace of -i (or any other) diacritic connected with s- or c- so that only inherent -a is possible. Consequently, there must be a word boundary after küsän which is known as name of Kucha; a place name would be odd at this point, though. The following (part of a) word is too uncertain for a reasonable guess.

10 tokımak ‘to hit, knock’¹⁸⁹ or as substantive ‘club, mallet’.¹⁹⁰ The TochB word is obscure.

śā/īk • sı/ag: Ogihara inacceptably thinks that TochB śāk stands for śak ‘ten’; for it is unconceivable that a common word like ‘ten’ could have been misspelled and misunderstood by the translator. Uygh. sıg, with /ı/ written through <e>, could be ‘shallow’ or ‘stalk(?)’.¹⁹¹ The former is well attested in Uyghur, for the latter Clauson (l.c.) has only a single instance from a medical text, käntir sıgnı üč öŋi käsip ‘cutting a stalk of hemp into three pieces’.¹⁹² A second instance comes from a collection of excerpts from the Samyuktāgama, käsmä sıg ‘cut branche(s)’.¹⁹³ If the present manuscript contains the third instance of this word, we can explain TochB śāk as a loanword from Skt. śākhā- ‘branch’.

walä × [...]: Ogihara suggests derivation from wäl- ‘to curl’.

11 [...]e[+]kañi: Unclear.

37.2 SI 3716/4

Pl. 37‒3: SI 3716/4 V

Transliteration

01 [...] ska lñe • yā¹⁹⁴ rmā¹⁹⁵-hk¹⁹⁶ [...]

02 [...] • bi lykā¹⁹⁷ ñi¹⁹⁸• uyu ndyu rti • plyaü si • s[ ] tk̄[ ]¹⁹⁹ [...]

03 [...] taü²⁰⁰ ti-k myā-k • kra²⁰¹ ttsa²⁰² naü²⁰³ • bi cmā-k̄ [...]

04 [...] nta²⁰⁴-r²⁰⁵ • tyu rtyā-r lyā-r × rtyā-r l[ ]ā- [...]

05 [...] sa rkne • ucā si ndā • mo ri ïk[?]i [...]

06 [...] lai k[?]o²⁰⁶ ײ⁰⁷-r • pi lyā ki ïy[ ] [...]

Transcription

01 [...]skalñe • yarmak [...]

02 [...] • bilgäni • üntürti • plyaüsi • s[a]tg[...]

03 [...] ^t/_naü²⁰⁸ tikmäk • kra^t/_ntsaⁿ/_taü • bıčmak [...]

04 [...]ntär • türtärl^[ä^] r [sü]rtärl^[ä^][r ...]

05 [...] sarkne • ucasında • mo ri ïk[?]i [...]

06 [...]laiko ùar • biläkiŋ_[ä_] [...]

Commentary

01 [ ]skalñe • yarmak: Ogihara had no explanation for Uygh. yamak (his reading) and had to limit himself to determining the incomplete TochB word as abstract noun from a gerundive. The by him ignored yamaG²⁰⁹ ‘patch’ is thereby excluded. The reading yarmak would be nomen actionis on -mAk (∼TochB -lñe) from yar- ‘to split, cleave’. Among the attested gerundives with middle -skal- it is trāskalye ‘chewable, edible’ (Skt. khādanīya-) which is semantically closest to the Uygh., but by no means convincing.

02 bilgäni üntürti ‘brought forth knowledge’: While Ogihara understood üntürti correctly as 3rd sing. perf. of üntür- ‘to bring forth, produce (liter. to cause to rise)’, he could make nothing out of <bi lkyā mi>. The situation changes when ñi is accepted instead of mi. Bilgäni is the acc. sing. of bilgä ‘wise’ with the late originally pronominal ending +nI.²¹⁰ What is striking is bilgä instead of the usual dyadic bilgä bilig; but it does exist, albeit rarely, for instance v(a)žır bilgä nom ičintä ‘within the Vajra-wisdom-sūtra’²¹¹ (p.c. J. Wilkens and P. Zieme).

plyaüsi • s[a]tg[ ]: Ogihara's accurate definition of TochB plyaüsi as infin. K of pläïk- K. ‘to sell’²¹² clarifies that the mutilated Uygh. word must be some formation (e.g. ‑gAlI, -gU, -gUlUk) of sat- ‘to sell’.

03 [...]^t/_naü tikmäk: Ogihara's šaüntikmäk [sic!] is an impossible chimera and requires no discussion. ^t/_naü belongs to the TochB part, cf. the following excerpt; the interpunction is lacking or lost. Uygh. tik- ‘to insert (in the ground)’ “with a wide range of specialised meanings”²¹³ is no sound basis for suggestions on the underlying TochB word.

kra t/_ntsaⁿ/_taü • bıčmak: Uygh. ‘cutting’ is as clear as the TochB excerpt is obscure. Ogihara's attempts at explanation are based on presumably inaccurate reading.²¹⁴ Expected would be a form of kärst- ‘to cut off’.

04 [...]ntär • türtärlär [sü]rtärl^[ä^][r] ‘they rub₂’, 3rd pl. aor. of partly synonymous türt‑²¹⁵ and sürt-.²¹⁶ Of the TochB excerpt the medio-passive personal ending of the 3rd pl. is preserved, obviously the end of [sonopa]ntär from sanāp- ‘to rub in, anoint’²¹⁷ with medio-passive inflection. The corresponding 3rd. sing., sonoptär, is attested. If reflexivity is a permanent feature of the medio-passive forms²¹⁸ it is not expressed in Uygh. A few words must be said on Ogihara's proposal. Palaeographically his tütörlär tütörlä[r] is not really excluded even though the alleged -o-diacritics look sensibly different from that in mo of the next line and the first syllable of the second form is rather guesswork. Definitely impossible is his analysis of tütörlär as 3rd pl. prs. of tütür- “to fight”²¹⁹ without a temporal affix.

05 [...] sarkne • ucasında: The correspondence between TochB ‘on the back’ and Uygh. ‘on one's back’ is perfect, as was already seen by Ogihara. Uygh. uča occurs alone²²⁰ or connected with arka ‘back’.²²¹

mo ri ïk[?]i: Unknown. A certain similarity with muraïgī-, muruïgī- ‘Moringa oleifera (syn. M. pterygosperma) may be accidental.

06 [...]laiko ùar • biläkiŋ[ä ...]: Completely uninterpreted by Ogihara. Uygh. biläkiŋä ‘to one's wrist (biläk)’ raises no difficulties. TochB. laiko if seems to be derived from lik- ‘to wash’ either as the noun laiko ‘bath, washing’(?) or ‘lotion(?)’²²² or as part of the PPt nom. sing. m., provided that lalaiko stands for the classical lalaikau. If the latter applies, ùar ‘hand’ might be the object, while the TochB excerpt corresponding with Uygh. biläkiŋä is lost. Presumably, the phrase was as follows: ‘he washed his hand up to the wrist’.

37.3 SI 3754

Pl. 37‒4: SI 3754 V

Transliteration

01 [...] × [ ]ky[ ] × [ ]yu ×y[ ] × [...]

02 [...] ×u ci • ka rùa lya na • yyo lyā ïyo • ke ś[ ]²²³ [...]

03 [...] ^⎡l[?]ā l[ ]^⎤224 • [+ + +] × • syu ïyu pa śiü • śu tka ske [...]

04 [...] lñe wa [ ]×ai • tu tmā-hk d^hā ulā d^hi • ś[ ] [...]

05 [...] lko • tyu ïyu-r pyu śyo-k²²⁵ • e²²⁶ pe-s²²⁷ ya × [...]

06 [...] × ×yu rlyā-r • pra mā nta • kī zhu²²⁸-t • yä ùa²²⁹ ñe • [...]

Transcription

01 [...] × [ ]ky[ ] × [ ]yu ×y[ ] × [...]

02 [...]UčI • kärùälyana • yöläŋö • keś[...]

03 [...] l[?]ā l[ ] • [+ + +] × • süŋü bašın • śutkaske[...]

04 [...]lñe wa[r]ñai • tutmakta ulatı • ś[...]

05 [...]lko • tüŋür büšök²³⁰ • epes ya × [...]

06 [...] ...ürlär • pramānta • kızgut • yäùañe • [...]

Commentary

02 kärùälyana • yöläŋö: Following Adams²³¹, Ogihara interpreted the TochB word as gdv. nom./obl. pl. fem. of kärsk- ‘to throw, spread, shoot’; for yöläŋö he gave ‘rest’. The latter is undocumented, the former anything but certain. Certain is that both forms are gerundives on TochB -lye and Uygh. +gU resp. The Uygh. form is derived from yölän- ‘to lean on’²³², yölängü, with crasis ng > ŋ and perseverative assimilation ö–ü > ö–ö. It is semantically incompatible with *kärùalye whichever of the proposed interpretations one would accept. They were shortly presented by M. Malzahn²³³: Filliozat's ‘à reconnaitre’²³⁴ from the root kärs- ‘to know’ (formally excluded), Sieg's derivation from kärk- ‘binden (to bind)’,²³⁵ Adams' aforementioned view. She herself refrained from any semantic determination, setting a second root kärsk- with unknown meaning. Recently G.-J. Pinault, M. Malzahn and M. Peyrot returned to Sieg's ‘to bind’.²³⁶ Provided that kärùalye means ‘to be bound’ in our ms., the same could be expressed by Uygh. ulangu from ulan- ‘to be joined or attached to’.²³⁷ Spelled in cursive Sogdo-Uygh. script, 'wl'nkw, it would be confusable with ywl'nkw, yölängü.²³⁸ Thus it is conceivable that the scribe of our ms. had a draft before his eyes where the Uyghur part was written in informal Sogdo-Uyghur script and he — unaware of the TochB — misread 'wl'nkw as ywl'nkw. But it may be wise to wait for a simpler solution.

03 süŋü bašın ‘spearhead or top of a banner (Skt. dhvajāgra-) (acc. or instr.)’.²³⁹

śutkaske[...]: With Ogihara probably an incomplete form of the so far unattested causativum of kutk- ‘± to give substance to, cast in a mold; embody, incarnate’²⁴⁰ though śutka (3. sing. pret. I) with following e.g. ske[ye] ‘zeal, or sim.’²⁴¹ cannot be excluded.

04 [...]lñe wa[r]ñai • tutmakta ulatı ‘grasping, or holding etc.’ As was pointed out by Ogihara Uygh. +ta ulatı helps to restore TochB warñai ‘etc.’ as well as Uygh. tutmak points to TochB eïkalñe ‘grasping’.

05 [...]lko • tüŋür büšök: Each of the Uyghur words²⁴² stands for a special “relation by marriage”, the difference discussed by Clauson²⁴³ s.v. böšük. Noticible is the erroneous(?) metathesis of the vowels in büšök. A corresponding TochB word ending in lko is unknown.

epes: Ogihara tries to connect his reading capem with cämp- ‘to be able’. The 1. pl. prs.I/II act. would be *campem; lacking -m- is unexplained. The here accepted epes has a parallel in THT 110 a 9 (s. pl. 37–5) which, however, was disqualified in the edition²⁴⁴ as mistake for eùe ù ‘together’ + ‘and’. The conjecture is unconvincing as it implies that two ordinary lexemes (eùe and ù) would have been substituted by an extraordinary word or even something meaningless (epes). Segmentation after epe ‘or, otherwise’ leaves -s unexplained. Due to the lacking context in THT 110 and missing Uygh. translation here, epes remains obscure.

Pl. 37‒5: SI 3754 v05 (detail); THT 110 a9 (detail) © BBAW

06 pramānta • kızgut: Uygh. ‘torment; punishment’²⁴⁵ does not support Ogihara's assumption that the TochB pramātta (his reading) represents borrowed Skt. pramatta- ‘careless’. Being certainly a loanword, pramānta appears to be the plural on -nta of pramān (<*pramān-nta <*pramānänta). Such a word is attested in THT 110 a 4 after yarm (ms.: yaräm) ‘measure’ and is regarded as its synonym and borrowing from Skt. pramāõa- ‘(right) measure’.²⁴⁶ Uygh. ‘punishment’, though no obvious rendering of the TochB word, could be understood as the ‘right measure(s)’ against an evil-doer. Another conceivable homonymous pramān, borrowed from Iranian, cf. MPers. prm'n, framān ‘command, injunction’, would not have the advantage to be semantically closer to Uygh. kızgut.

yäùañe ‘the dressing, putting on a dress’: abstract noun (-ñe) on the basis of yäùalle, gdv. I of wäs ‘to be, or get dressed, wear, put on’²⁴⁷, yäùañe< *yäùalñe. Ogihara reads yäpäñe instead which he identifies with yapälñe ‘the entering’, verbal abstract from yäp- ‘to enter’.

37.4 SI 3717/1

Pl. 37‒6: SI 3717/1 V

Transliteration

01 [...] ×-g₁ • le wlāü²⁴⁸ × × [...]

02 [...] × ko • ^⎡ta rrā^⎤249 lmi [+] [ ]u²⁵⁰ [...]

03 [...] × [...]

Transcription

01 [...]g • le wlāü × × [...]

02 [...]ko • taralmı[š +] [ ]u [...]

03 [...] × [...]

Commentary²⁵¹

01 le wlāü ×: The only word which comes in mind is wlaüśke ‘soft, pliable’. × is part of a ligature which could have been śke. The crux is that the thus isolated le means nothing. Changing into le⟨n⟩ ‘(monastic) cell, resting place’²⁵² would be a slight emendation, a more serious one le⟨ke/i⟩ ‘bed, resting place’.²⁵³

02 [...]ko • taralmı[š]: Uygh. ‘dispersed; confused’.²⁵⁴ The first meaning could point to TochB käskau, PPt of käsk- ‘scatter’²⁵⁵ which, however, cannot be represented by [ ]ko since the ligature sk- would be expected. The metaphorical meaning reminds of TochB triko- ‘confused’ which has to be excluded because the trace of the akùara preceding ko can’t be part of the ligature tri.

38 SI 3716/5-6; SI 3718 (Kr VII/1)

Three fragments, two fitting together, the third a little distant from them, were recognized by Ogihara as pieces of the same scroll containing a passage of T 220 (s. pl. 38‒1). The blank verso was used for writing down excerpts from a TochB text with added Uyghur translations. For that purpose, the piece was cut off the scroll, turned over the upper (or lower) edge and rotated by 90° counterclockwise.

Provenance: Turfan, coll. by Krotkov around 1907.

Size(s): SI 3716/5 6.3 cm × 7.7 cm; SI 3716/6 10.5 cm × 9.0 cm; SI 3718 3.3 cm × 6.2 cm.

Joining: SI 3716/5 ∞ 3718 + 3716/6 ∞ “3718-(1)”²⁵⁶

Language(s): Chinese (recto), Tocharian B — Old Uyghur bilingual (verso).

Published in: Ogihara 2018: e28–e31.

Narrative text?

Recto

Pl. 38‒1: SI 3716/5 ∞ 3718 + 3716/6 R (reconstruction)

T 220 VI 345c8 ff. (Ogih.)

Verso

Pl. 38‒2: SI 3716/5 ∞ 3718 + 3716/6 V

Transliteration

01 [...] × [ ]u²⁵⁷ [...]

02 [...] a mpa²⁵⁸ lyi śkai²⁵⁹ • tā²⁶⁰ ⦅ta⦆²⁶¹ wsi²⁶² k̄i[...]

03 [...] ×k̄[ ]²⁶³ rā²⁶⁴ k̄[ ]²⁶⁵ • ⎡× × u⎤²⁶⁶ hrā y[ ] × [...]

04 [...] g₁i ïā • mā ma nta-ù [...]

05 [...] × ×y[ ]²⁶⁷ •²⁶⁸ mā e ïka sta-r • pū²⁶⁹ [...]

06 [...] [ ]mā-c²⁷⁰ • ka nta na nta-r • sy[ ]²⁷¹ r×[ ]²⁷² [...]

07 [...] × śi lā × l[ ] ×o²⁷³-ḻ ²⁷⁴ [...]

[Two or three lines are lost:]

08 [...]

09 [...]

10 [...] ×p[ ]²⁷⁵ [?]ku²⁷⁶ ײ⁷⁷ [?]d^h[ ] mi-ù ײ⁷⁸ [...]

11 [...] wa ññe • tu wā-k̄ • ta²⁷⁹ ⦅da⦆²⁸⁰ wa sa • tyo × [...]

12 [...] pa ñä śkai • vi²⁸¹ lā pci • wa rtse • ke-ï • [...]

13 [...] × ku ri śke ne • a wā stā²⁸² • ra tre לe²⁸³ [...]

14 [...] -g₁ yā ïli-g₁ • muo²⁸⁴ ra-p • kya ïryā-k ‖‖ [...]

15 [...] pra st^haü • śi²⁸⁵ ï²⁸⁶ • ×e²⁸⁷sa sma ññe × [...]

16 [...] × [ ]o²⁸⁸ × taü²⁸⁹ tā k̄i²⁹⁰ pra st^ho-l • a-z ×i [...]

17 [...] ×i ×ā ×i [+²⁹¹] ×i²⁹² • yā ye ×o [ ]i [...]

18²⁹³ [...] si rk̄i ²⁹⁴

Transcription

01 [...] × [ ]u²⁹⁵ [...]

02 [...] ampalyiśkai²⁹⁶ • tavsıkı[ya ...]

03 [...] ×k[ ]rak[ ] • × × ugray[u] + [...]

04 [...]gıŋa • māmantaù [...]

05 [...] × ×y[ ] • mā eïkastar • bu[...]

06 [...]mač²⁹⁷ • kantanantar • s_[ü_]rt[...]

07 [...]śilā [ ]l[ ] ol [...]

08 [...]

09 [...]

10 [...]p[ ]ku a[?]T[ ]mıš ײ⁹⁸ [...]

11 [...]waññe • tuvak • ^t/_nawasa • tö[...]

12 [...] pañäśkai • wilapčı • wartse • keŋ • [...]

13 [...] × kuriśkene • avazta • rätre[ ]śe²⁹⁹ [...]

14 [...]g yaŋlıg • muorap • käŋräk ‖ [...]

15 [...] prast^han • šiŋ • ùesa smaññe • [...]

16 [...] × [ ]o³⁰⁰ × taü³⁰¹ takı prast ol • azkı[ya ...]

17 [...] ×i ×ā ×i [+³⁰² ] ×i³⁰³ • yā ye ×o [ ]i [...]

18 [...] sırkı

Commentary

02 ampalyiśkai • tavsıkı[ya]: Ogihara determines the TochB form as obl. sing. fem. of a diminutivum on -śke, derived from so far unknown *ampalyi. TochB -śkai (or -śke) helps to restore the end of the Uygh. word as the semantically corresponding +kIyA. The remaining tawsı might be a borrowing from Chin. 桃子 táozi ‘peach’ (LMC³⁰⁴ tɦaw tszͅ`).³⁰⁵ If so, TochB *ampalyi could be associated with the first term of the compound ampalak-kesar,³⁰⁶ which is itself an Indian loan word, cf. Pa. ambāñaka- ‘Spondias mangifera (alias: pinnata) or hogplum’.³⁰⁷ The material correspondence between the two fruits is very weak; but since neither the peach nor the hogplum were native to the Tarim basin, factual and linguistic inaccuracies must be viewed as possible.

03 ugray[u] ‘especially, particularly’.³⁰⁸

04 [...]gıŋa: Dat. sing. with preceding pron. suff. 3rd of a back vocalic noun on final g.

māmantaù ‘evil, malicious’; nom. pl. or obl.sing. masc. PPt mänt- MP ‘to be stirred, angry’;³⁰⁹ with erroneous metathesis quantitatum for mamāntaù, as was observed by Ogihara.

05 mā eïkastar • bu[lmazsän]: TochB ‘you do not take’³¹⁰ which allows to restore the Uygh. form from bul- ‘to find, obtain’. As to the personal ending one can doubt whether °tar is used instead of °tär (3rd. sing.), cf. next line kantanantar.

06 [...]mač³¹¹: Unclear.

kantanantar • s_[ü_]rt[ärlär...]: TochB ‘they rub’ (3rd pl. Prs. MP)³¹² of kānt-, with °ntar instead of °ntär. For sürt- cf. 37.2 v04.

07 [...]śilā [ ]l[ ] ol: It would be tempting to restore [Takùa]śilā [ba]l[ık] ol ‘is the town Takùaśilā’. But there is no clear evidence for that.

10 [ ]p[ ]ku a[?]T[ ]mıš: Both parts are damaged; some relevant informations can be gathered nevertheless. Uygh. -mıš points to TochB -u, morpheme of PPt, and eo ipso to a verb stem with final k which also contains p. As no Uygh. verb with inital Cu is eligible, thus initial a is left with the following candidates: adın- (1) ‘to sober up’,³¹³ adın- (2) ‘to be overwhelmed (by joy or fear)’.³¹⁴ There is no attested TochB verb that formally and semantically matches Uygh. adın- (1) or (2).

11 [...]waññe • tuvak: TochB -ññe formations are very numerous, the ones preceded by wa are still half a dozen, the most prominent being on(u)waññe ‘immortal; immortality’.³¹⁵ Uygh. tuvak does not appear in the dictionaries. A back vocalic variant of tüväk ‘a blow-pipe’³¹⁶ is not more than a vague possibility.³¹⁷ But if so, it would not translate the preceding TochB word which, however, could be a descriptive attribute (‘consisting of iron’??) of the lost TochB ‘blow-pipe’. Howsoever, Ogihara considers reading the word as TochB tuwak, tu (ntr. of su ‘this’) + enforcing enclitic particle -k.

^t/_nawasa³¹⁸ • tö[...]: The TochB excerpt possibly also occurs in THT 324 b4, read as nawasa and not interpreted so far.³¹⁹ The context there allows or even suggests the name of a part of the body in the perl. on -sa. It is preceded by the obl. totteüāś ‘top of the head’. Both expressions could form a hendiadys so that the meaning of ^t/_nawa would be ‘± crown of the head’. Its Uygh. equivalent töpö would be partly preserved in our manuscript. The whole chain of considerations is fragile and, of course, one can doubt whether there is room for a third ‘crown of the head’ beside tarne³²⁰ and mrāce.³²¹

12 [ ]pañäśkai • wilapčı: The Uygh. word is a nomen agentis on +čI. Residual wilap³²² must be a Tocharian style borrowing from Skt. vilāpa- ‘idle talk’.³²³ The Uygh. translator could have built *savıklatačı from savıkla- ‘to talk idly, or incoherently’.³²⁴ The reason why he didn't may perhaps be searched in the TochB excerpt if p represensents the end of *vilāp. The rest is, however, morphologically unclear apart from the diminutive or adjectival suffix -śke (obl. fem. -śkai), not rendered in Uygh.

wartse • keŋ: TochB³²⁵, Uygh.³²⁶ ‘broad, wide’, already identified by Ogihara.

13 kuriśkene • avazta: Ogihara convincingly analyses the TochB as locative (-ne) of the deminutive (-śke) of previously unattested *kuri of so far unknown meaning. The TochB locative should have prevented him from identifying the Uygh. word with Skt. avasthā- ‘state, position’ and could have led him to the Uygh. locative +tA from avaz.³²⁷ This clarified, TochB kuri can be identified as Indian loan-word, corresponding with Skt. kuñ©- ‘hut, cell, esp. of a monk’³²⁸ (For intervocalic Skt. -ñ- ∼TochB -r- cf. also Skt. kªñāgāra- ‘roofed pavillion’³²⁹ ∼TochB kwrakar, TochA kurekār; *kākoñ©-³³⁰ ‘Luvunga scandens (?)’³³¹∼kākori;³³² Skt. koñi- ‘a krore, ten millions’ ∼TochA³³³/B³³⁴ kor.). To translate the specific TochB ‘little hut’ the Uygh. uses the generic term Skt. āvāsa- ‘a monk's abode’ or more detailed ‘a place which is suitable for temporary or permanent residence of religious persons’. It is advisable to start from this meaning when interpretating the instances. The Uygh. word was already known from the Uygh. version of Xuantsang's biography. It occurs in two contexts³³⁵ where the Chin. original has 龕 kān and 龕室 kānshì.³³⁶ The former, 龕,³³⁷ serves to designate niches on the outside of a stūpa base³³⁸, the latter, 龕室, niches on a sacred mountain where monks came to sit down for meditation. The Uyghur translator adds ürüŋ ‘cave’ in the latter case; that is for explanation as it seemed plausible to him that the holy men resided in caves. Pace Knüppel and Röhrborn in both instances the primary meaning of avaz is sufficient, the specific semantic nuances are determined by the context.

rätreלe: Ogihara suggests derivation from ratre ‘red’ with suffix -śce which perhaps also appears in wäntareśce∼wäntare ‘thing, affair etc.’³³⁹ The meaning is unclear.

14 [...]gyaŋlıg: Ogihara plausibly proposes restoration of montag, or antagyaŋlıg ‘suchlike, of his sort’.

muorap • käŋräk: TochB, Uygh. ‘drum’, as Ogihara correctly saw, Uygh. käŋräk translates Skt. murava-, the etymon of TochB muorap. The double vocalisation -uo-,³⁴⁰ overlooked by Ogihara, is still waiting for a convincing explanation.

15 [...] prast^han • šiŋ: Ogihara had no lucky hand in deriving TochB prast^han from Skt. prasthāna-. Correctly read and interpreted, Uygh. šiŋ points the right way. The word is long known³⁴¹ and was determined by F.W.K. Müller as Chinese measure of capacity and translated by “Scheffel” (bushel), until it was corrected by Bang & von Gabain³⁴² into šiŋ ‘Liter’ < Chin. 升 shēng. The Chin. word is also met with in the Khotanese as śiüga- for which R.E. Emmerick has shown that its Indian (approximative) equivalent was prastha-.³⁴³ The latter is the etymon of TochB *prast^h, here in the form of the obl. sing.

ùesa smaññe ‘together with, soup’. Ogihara is right that something is wrong with the excerpt. úesa requires the comitative. If used as postposition the antecedent is lacking; if used as preposition the comitative suffix -mpa was not excerpted together with smaññe.

16 [...] × [ ]o³⁴⁴ × taü³⁴⁵ takı prast ol • azkı[ya ...]. Ogihara wrongly thinks that there is a choice between Uygh. az ‘greed’ and az ‘little’. The following kı decides clearly for the latter, azkıya ‘a little bit’. What precedes is not as obscure as Ogihara suspects: +tAkI forms denominal nouns meaning ‘being in’; <prast^h-> is again prastha-, this time as Uyghur word and therefore transcribed prast; the pronoun ol forms together with prast the predicate of a nominal sentence.

2.3 Undetermined language

39 SI 6378/11 (B/без шифра)

Provenance: Tajik Ming öy, coll. by Berezovsky, in 1905–1907.

Size: 3.7 cm × 2.2 cm.

Language: Tocharian A or B.

Undetermined

A Pl. 39‒1: SI 6378/11 A	B Pl. 39‒2: SI 6378/11 B
Transliteration 01 [...] ùa346 ‖ [...] 02 [...] rwa ùta347 [...]	Transliteration 01 [...] × [...]

40 SI 6378/6 (B/без шифра)

Provenance: Tajik Ming öy, coll. by Berezovsky, in 1905–1907.

Size: 2.1 cm × 1.3 cm.

Language: Tocharian?

Undetermined

A Pl. 40‒1: SI 6378/6 A	B Pl. 40‒2: SI 6378/6 B
Transliteration 01 [...] × • t[ ]348 [...] 02 [...] × to ×[...]	Transliteration 01 [...] × ×k[ ] × [...] 02 [...] × w[ ] ×i [...]

 

41 SI 6378/10 (B/без шифра)

Provenance: Tajik Ming öy, coll. by Berezovsky, in 1905–1907.

Size: 2.5 cm × 2.2 cm.

Language: Unclear.

Undetermined

A

Pl. 41‒1: SI 6378/10 A

Transliteration

01 [...] ×i ùkā [...]

02 [...] ×ā [...]

Commentary

Assuming that the reading 01 -iùkā- is correct, it seems to be Skt., part of pariùkāra-, niùkāsa- etc. etc.

B

Pl. 41‒2: SI 6378/10 B

Transliteration

01 [...] mi × [...]

42 SI 3716/1 (Kr VII/1)

Provenance: Turfan, coll. by Krotkov around 1907.

Size: 2.7 cm × 3.9 cm.

Language: Tocharian B(?), Old Uyghur(?).

Undetermined

Recto

Pl. 42‒1: SI 3716/1 R

Traces of three lines. Special sign <r> in the first line might point to Tocharian or Uyghur; but it rarely occurs even in Skt. manuscripts, e.g. SHT VII 1642 Bl. 38r2 rddhi-. Other readable akùaras i, l[?]e [ ]i in line 02 and ×e in line 03 are ambiguous as to the language.

Verso

Blank.

3.2 Literature and abbreviations (Part II)

Abbreviations

AAWG: Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Philologisch-historische Klasse

AKPAW: Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

APAW: Abhandlungen der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

BHS: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit

BT: Berliner Turfantexte

CEToM: A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts, s. Electronic resources

DDB: Digital Dictionary of Buddhism, s. Electronic resources

DTA: Digitales Turfan-Archiv

idp: International Dunhuang Project

LMC: Late Middle Chinese after Pulleyblank 1991

ms: manuscript

NTB: North Turkestan Brāhmī

Pa.: Pali

r: recto

SHT: Sanskrithandschriften aus den Turfanfunden

Skt.: Sanskrit

s(ub) v(oce): under the specified word

SPAW: Sitzungsberichte der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.- hist. Klasse

SWTF: Sanskrit-Wörterbuch der buddhistischen Texte aus den Turfan-Funden

T (no.) (vol.) (p.): Taishō shinshū Daizōkyō (大正新脩大藏經), alias Taishō Issaikyō (大正一切經). I–C. Tōkyō 1924–1935, s. also Electronic resources

THT: Tocharische Handschriften aus den Turfanfunden, Berlin, s. also Electronic resources

TIES: Tocharian and Indo-European Studies

TochA: Tocharian A

TochB: Tocharian B

TT: Türkische Turfan-Texte

v: verso

VOHD: Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland

4 Appendix

43 ВФ-4190 (T II Y4/ TII Y7)

© Государственный Эрмитаж, Санкт-Петербург, 2021

“Chinese manuscript of the 妙法蓮華經 Miao fa lianhuajing (Saddharmapuõóarīka-Sūtra) on the recto (Taishō vol. 9, no.262). In addition, 3 lines in Brāhmī script are written on the upper margin of the Chinese manuscript. Different texts in Brāhmī script on the verso: ll. 6–32: Prasādapratibhod<b>hava (= Śatapañcāśatka) of Mātçceña (verse 1–13c, identified by Klaus Wille). Two fragments of a scroll.”³⁴⁹ Mātçceña's text is given in 43.1, the other Brāhmī inscriptions in 43.2.

Provenance: 2nd Prussian Turfan expedition, Yarkhoto.

Size(s): 71.5 cm × 26.6 cm; 13.1 cm × 26.1 cm.

Language(s): Sanskrit, Old Uyghur, Tocharian B.

43.1. Sanskrit

Verso

Prasādapratibhodbhava (= Śatapañcāśatka) of Mātçceña

verses 41 (= 3.15) and 1–13c (= 1.1–2.3c)

Transliteration

Preliminary remarks: Mistakes concerning the quantity of vowels (a instead of ā or vice versa etc.), mostly missing visarga-s (þ) and anusvāra-s used against sandhi rules also for final n are not mentioned in the apparatus.

01 • ‖ ā tme cc^ha cc^ha la mā tra ⟦toü³⁵⁰⟧ ntu³⁵¹ : sa ⦅ma)) nyo pāü śu kiü ca nā | pa³⁵² ya

02 tro pa ni kùi pya ka ye ta : sa va ntu³⁵³ ra di³⁵⁴ lo la ta :

03 ki ri na³⁵⁵ nā³⁵⁶ raü yo-nt sa raü yo pra ta³⁵⁷ yi ri a pi

04–05 The blank was used by other hands for various scribal notes, s. 43.2.4

06 ‖ sa rva dā sa rva t^hā sa rve • ya sya do ùā na sa ntī ha • sa rve sa rvā

06a s. 43.2.4

07 b^hi ⦅b^hi⦆³⁵⁸ sā re õa ya tra cā va st^hi tā gu õā : ta me va śa ra õaü ga

08 ntuü taü sto tuü ta mu pā si tuü • ta syai va śā sa ne st^hā tuü :

09 nyā yaü ya dya sti ce ta nā : sa vā sa na śca te do ùāþ •

10 na sa ntye ka sya tā yi nā • sa rve sa rva vi da sa nti gu õā

11 ste cā na pā yi na 3 na hi pra ti ni vi ùño pi ma no vā ⟦k̄ā

12 ya ⦅ya⦆⟧³⁵⁹ k̄ā ya ka rma su • sa ha d^ha rme õa la b^ha te ka ci db^ha

13 ga va to nta ra maü³⁶⁰ 4 so haü pra pya ma nu ùya tvaü : sa sa

14 dd^ha rma ma ho tsa va-m ma hā rõa va yu ga cc^hi dra ku rma gri vā

15 rpā õo pa ma maü³⁶¹ 5 a ni tya tā vya nu sç tāü ka rma cc^hi dra

16 sa saü śa yā-m ā tta sā raü ka ri pyā³⁶² mi : ka t^ha nne māü

17 sa ra sva ti-m 6 i tya saü k^hye yā vi ùa yā ma

18 vī³⁶³ dyā³⁶⁴ pi gu õāü mu ne ta de ka de śa pra õa ya kri ya

19 ti³⁶⁵ sva rt^ha gau ra va-t 7 sva yaü b^hū vi³⁶⁶ na ma s×e s[ ]

20 pra b^hū tā db^hū ta ka rma õe ya sya saü k^hyā pra b^h[ ] [+]

21 b^hyāü na gu õe ùva sti ni śca ya : 8

22 i ya nta i ti nā stya nta i dç³⁶⁷ śa i ti kā ka t^hā •

23 pu ⟦ya⟧³⁶⁸ õyā i tye va tu gu õāü pra ti te mu k^ha rā vā ya

24 maü³⁶⁹ 9 ‖ a d^hyā rd^ha śa ta ki³⁷⁰ bu dd^ha sto tre ū po dg^hā ta sta va

25 ×o × [+ +] × × ri [ ]e × ‖

(After a blank the text continues with the second Stava)

26 [16 akùara-s³⁷¹] × yaü a b^hya

27 [16 akùara-s] [ ]ā [ ]i

28 [+ + +] [ ]v[ ] [15 akùara-s]

29 a na va skç ta ba nd^ha 2 × sva mā s[ ] [ ]y[ ] [+ + + +]

30 [+] stu ùva nye ùu kā ka t^hā : pra õai ra pi × [+ +]

31 [+ + + +] × ye ja na 3 svai śa ri rai śa ri rā õi

32 [+ + + + +] ×i []i [ ]ā × ji g^hā³⁷² su b^hi ru pā

Transcription

Preliminary remarks: Mistakes or idiosyncrasies mentioned in the preliminary remarks or apparatus to the transliteration are silently emended or normalized, except for -m # t- > -n t-, -m # n- > -n n-.

01 • ‖ ātmecchācchalamātran tu | sāmānyopāüśu kiücana | ya-

02 tropanikùipya ka<th>yeta | sā vaktur atilolatā <‖>

03 †ki ri na³⁷³ nā³⁷⁴ raü yo-nt sa raü yo pra ta³⁷⁵ yi ri a pi†³⁷⁶

04–05 s. 43.2.4

06 ‖ sarvadā sarvathā sarve • yasya doùā na santi ha³⁷⁷ • sarve sarvā-

06a s. 43.2.4

07 bhisāreõa <•> yatra cāvasthitā guõāþ : (1) tam eva śaraõaü ga-

08 ntuü <•> taü stotuü tam upāsituü • tasyaiva śāsane sthātuü :

09 nyāy<y>aü yady asti cetanā : (2) savāsanāś ca te doùāþ •

10 na santy ekasya tāyinaþ • sarve sarvavidaþ santi <•> guõā-

11 s te cānapāyinaþ 3 na hi pratiniviùño ’pi manovākkā-

12 yakarmasu • saha dharmeõa labhate <•> ka<ś>cid bha-

13 gavato ’ntaram 4 so ’haü prāpya manuùyatvaü : sasa-

14 ddharmamahotsavam <•> mahārõavayugacchidrakūrmagrīvā-

15 rpāõopamam 5 anityatāvyanusçtāü <•> karmacchidra-

16 sasaüśayām <•> āttasāraü kariùyāmi : kathan nemāü

17 sarasvatīm 6 ity asaühyeyaviùayā<n> ³⁷⁸ <•> a-

18 vetyāpi guõān muneþ <•> tadekadeśapraõayaþ <•> kriya-

19 te svārthagauravāt 7 svayaübhuve namas [t]e ’s[tu] <•>

20 prabhūtādbhutakarmaõe <•> yasya saükhyāprabh[āvā-]

21 bhyāü <•> na guõeùv asti niścayaþ : 8

22 iyanta iti nāsty anta <•> īdçśā iti kā kathā •

23 puõyā ity eva tu guõān <•> prati te mukharā vaya-

24 m 9 ‖ adhyardhaśatake buddhastotre upodghātastava

25 ×o × [+ +] × pari[cch]ed[a]þ ‖

26 [16 akùara-s³⁷⁹] s[va]yaü abhya-

27 [16 akùara-s] [p]ā[r]i-

28 [+ + +] [t]v[aü] [15 akùara-s]

29 anavaskçtabāndha<vaþ> 2 × svamā<ü>s[ān]y[+ + + +]

30 [va]stuùv anyeùu kā kathā : prāõair api [t]v[+ +]

31 [+ + + + +]õayī janaþ 3 svaiþ śarīraiþ śarīrāõi <•>

32 [+ + + + +]ī[r]i[õ]ām <•> jighā<ü>subhir upā-

In the following the text is presented in strophes according to the critical edition by Shackleton Bailey.³⁸⁰ The line numbers of the ms are inserted and repeated on the left.

01 ātmecchācchalamātraü tu sāmānyopāüśu kiücana |

02 ya(2)tropakùipya³⁸¹ kathyeta sā vaktur atilolatā || 41

nirupamastavo nāma tçtīyaþ paricchedaþ ||³⁸²

06 sarvadā sarvathā sarve yasya doùā na santi ha |

07 sarve sarvā(7)bhisāreõa yatra cāvasthitā guõāþ || 1

08 tam eva śaraõaü ga(8)ntuü taü stotuü tam upāsitum |

09 tasyaiva śāsane sthātuü (9) nyāyyaü yady asti cetanā || 2

10 savāsanāś ca te doùā (10) na santy ekasya tāyinaþ |

11 sarve sarvavidaþ santi guõā(11)s te cānapāyinaþ || 3

12 na hi pratiniviùño ’pi manovākkā(12)yakarmasu |

13 saha dharmeõa labhate kaścid bha(13)gavato ’ntaram || 4

14 so ’ha ü prāpya manuùyatvaü sasa(14)ddharmamahotsavam |

15 mahārõavayugacchidrakūrmagrīvā(15)rpaõopamam || 5

16 anityatāvyanusçtāü karmacchidra(16)sasaüśayām |

17 āttasārāü kariùyāmi kathaü nemāü (17) sarasvatīm || 6

18 ity asaükhyeyaviùayān a(18)vetyāpi guõān muneþ |

19 tadekadeśapraõayaþ kriya(19)te svārthagauravāt || 7

20 svayaübhuve namas te ’stu (20) prabhūtādbhutakarmaõe |

21 yasya saükhyāprabhāvā(21)bhyāü na guõeùv asti niścayaþ || 8

22 iyanta iti nāsty anta īdçśā iti kā kathā |

23–24 puõyā ity eva tu guõān prati te mukharā vaya(24)m || 9

25³⁸³ upodghātastavo nāma prathamaþ paricchedaþ ||³⁸⁴

26 viùahyam aviùahyaü vety avadhūya vicāraõām |

27 svayam abhy³⁸⁵u(27)papannaü te nirākrandam idaü jagat || 10 (= 2.1)

28 avyāpāri(28)tasādhus tvaü tvam akāraõavatsalaþ |

29 asaüstutasakhaś ca tvam (29) anavaskçtabāndhavaþ || 11 (= 2.2)

30 svamāüsāny api dattāni (30) vastuùv anyeùu kā kathā |

31 prāõair api tvayā sā(31)dho mānitaþ praõayī janaþ || 12 (=2.3)

32 svaiþ śarīraiþ śarīrāõi (32) prāõaiþ prāõāþ śarīriõām |

jighāüsubhir upāttānāü krītāni śataśas tvayā || 13 (=2.4)

43.2 Varia

Recto

43.2.1 Uyghur scribal note on the upper margin

[+ + ³⁸⁶] × pra pta ti³⁸⁷ (blank) ka • a cā³⁸⁸ ryā ba le³⁸⁹ ślЁ va nti pti-m pa la cok̄³⁹⁰ da-s pa sa k̄ai miś sa ïg^ha siü pa pa la pa la •

... • ačaryabale š(i)lawanti b(i)t(t)im balačokdas basa kaymıš saŋasın...

...I, the Śīlavant Ācāryabala,³⁹¹ have written (that); Balačokdas³⁹² Basa³⁹³ Kaymıš³⁹⁴ Saïghasena...³⁹⁵

43.2.2 Beginning of a syllabary on the lower margin

sidd^ha-m³⁹⁶ a ā i ī³⁹⁷ ç × ×

43.2.3 Scribal note on the left margin

si ha gu pti kùi a saü

si<n>haguptı³⁹⁸ kši³⁹⁹ asan

Siühagupta, the teacher,⁴⁰⁰ Äsän(?)⁴⁰¹

Verso

43.2.4 Scribal notes in Uyghur and Tocharian B within the main text

04 mya myaü ā cā ryā dЁ-s ⦅śi⦆lā vā nti pti-p pa sa k̄ai miś yima⁴⁰² +⁴⁰³ pa +⁴⁰⁴ pa ca⁴⁰⁵ hk̄a ya sa ïg^ha sā k̄a mi le⁴⁰⁶ ha^?

{mä} män ačaryadas⁴⁰⁷ šilawantı b(i)t(t)i<m>⁴⁰⁸ basa kaymıš ymä(?)⁴⁰⁹ + pa + bačak <k>aya saŋas<ın>ka mileg

I, the Śīlavant Ācāryadāsa, have written (that), and(?) Basa Kaymıš ... Bačak Kaya(?)⁴¹⁰ for Saïghasena ...⁴¹¹

05 ā ‖ ā cā ryā ba le śi⦅la⦆⁴¹² wnā skau ‖ ā ×⁴¹³ ā cā rya ba le śla wnā skau ‖

ā ‖ ācāryābale śila(vЁnde)⁴¹⁴ w(i)nāskau ‖ ā × ācāryābale ś(i)la(vЁnde) w(i)nāskau

(TochB) I, the Śīlavant Ācāryabala, venerate.

06a ‖ pā la cau⁴¹⁵-k⁴¹⁶ da tā-s⁴¹⁷ ‖ pa ca⁴¹⁸-⁴¹⁹hk̄a yā sa ïg^ha siü k̄a mi le-g₁

‖ balačokdas⁴²⁰ ‖ bačak <k>aya saŋasınka mileg

Concordances

5.1. Concordance of the manuscripts

Current shelf no.	Old shelf no.	Catalogue no.
SI 2964	B/28	25
SI 2965/1	B/29-1	34
SI 2965/2	B/29-2	34
SI 2965/3	B/29-3	35
SI 2965/4	B/29-4	13
SI 2966	B/30a1	04
SI 3713/1-2	Kr XXXa/4-1	05
SI 3714	Kr XXXa/4-2	06
SI 3715/1	Kr VII/1	37.1
SI 3715/2	Kr VII/1	01.3
SI 3715/3	Kr VII/1	33
SI 3715/4	Kr VII/1	01.2
SI 3715/5	Kr VII/1	01.3
SI 3715/6	Kr VII/1	01.1
SI 3715/7	Kr VII/1	33
SI 3716/1	Kr VII/1	42
SI 3716/2	Kr VII/1	01.4
SI 3716/3	Kr VII/1	30
SI 3716/4	Kr VII/1	37.2
SI 3716/5	Kr VII/1	38
SI 3716/6	Kr VII/1	38
SI 3716/7	Kr VII/1	36
SI 3717/1	Kr VII/1	37.4
SI 3717/2	Kr VII/1	23
SI 3717/3	Kr VII/1	02
SI 3717/4	Kr VII/1	28
SI 3717/5	Kr VII/1	31
SI 3717/6	Kr VII/1	29
SI 3717/7	Kr VII/1	32
SI 3717/8	Kr VII/1	24
SI 3717/9	Kr VII/1	21
SI 3717/10	Kr VII/1	01.3
SI 3717/11	Kr VII/1	01.4
SI 3717/12	Kr VII/1	22
SI 3717/13	Kr VII/1	03
SI 3717/14-1	Kr VII/1	14.1
SI 3717/14-2	Kr VII/1	14.2
SI 3718	Kr VII/1	38
SI 3722	Kr XIIIi/1a	07
SI 3726/1	Kr XIIIi/1д	08
SI 3726/2	Kr XIIIi/1д	08
SI 3728/1	Kr XIIIi/1ж	10
SI 3728/2	Kr XIIIi/1ж	09
SI 3754	Kr VIII/6-3	37.3
SI 6378/1	B/без шифра	15
SI 6378/2	B/без шифра	16
SI 6378/3	B/без шифра	17
SI 6378/4	B/без шифра	12
SI 6378/5	B/без шифра	18
SI 6378/6	B/без шифра	40
SI 6378/7	B/без шифра	11
SI 6378/8	B/без шифра	19
SI 6378/9-1	B/без шифра	20.1
SI 6378/9-2	B/без шифра	20.2
SI 6378/10	B/без шифра	41
SI 6378/11	B/без шифра	39
SI 6378/12421	B/без шифра	27
SI 6378/13	B/без шифра	26
ВФ-4190	T II Y4/ TII Y7	43

Old shelf no.	Current shelf no.	Old shelf no.	Current shelf no.
Kr VII/1	SI 3715/1	B/28	SI 2964
	SI 3715/2	B/29-1	SI 2965/1
	SI 3715/3	B/29-2	SI 2965/2
	SI 3715/4	B/29-3	SI 2965/3
	SI 3715/5	B/29-4	SI 2965/4
	SI 3715/6	B/30a1	SI 2966
	SI 3715/7	Kr VIII/6-3	SI 3754
	SI 3716/1	Kr XIIIi/1a	SI 3722
	SI 3716/2	Kr XIIIi/1д	SI 3726/1
	SI 3716/3		SI 3726/2
	SI 3716/4	Kr XIIIi/1ж	SI 3728/1
	SI 3716/6	Kr XXXa/4-1	SI 3713/1-2
	SI 3716/7	Kr XXXa/4-2	SI 3714
	SI 3717/1	B/без шифра	SI 6378/1
	SI 3717/2		SI 6378/2
	SI 3717/3		SI 6378/3
	SI 3717/4		SI 6378/4
	SI 3717/5		SI 6378/5
	SI 3717/6		SI 6378/6
	SI 3717/7		SI 6378/7
	SI 3717/8		SI 6378/8
	SI 3717/9		SI 6378/9-1
	SI 3717/10		SI 6378/9-2
	SI 3717/11		SI 6378/10
	SI 3717/12		SI 6378/11
	SI 3717/13		SI 6378/12422
	SI 3717/14-1		SI 6378/13
	SI 3717/14-2	T II Y4/ TII Y7	ВФ-4190
	SI 3718

5.2 Concordance of the identified texts

5.2.1 Chinese

Taisho no.	Catalogue no.
T 220 VI 345c8ff.	38
T 223 VIII 18a8–12423	34
T 222 VIII 163b12ff.	37
T 223 VIII 219b5–23	01
T 223 VIII 419a09–11	09
T 262 IX 17b03‒06	10
T 262 IX 56a8–11424	35
T 264 IX 191a2–5425	35
T 310 XI 260c17–18	33
T 310 XI 666c25–667a03	06
T 374 XII 418b23–c01	07
T 374 XII 562a28–b1426	13
T 375 XII 758a11–15	05
T 375 XII 808c2–5427	13
T 664 XVI 368b6‒7	21
T 1509 XXV 735a18–23428	34
T 1562 XXIX 349b17–18429	36
T 1563 XXIX 788a11–12430	36

5.2.2 Sanskrit

Identified texts	cat. nos.
Abhidharmadīpavibhāùāprabhāvçtti	02
Prajñāpāramitā	04
Pravāraõasūtra	08
Prasādapratibhodbhava (= Śatapañcāśatka) of Mātçceña verses 28–29	33
Prasādapratibhodbhava (= Śatapañcāśatka) of Mātçceña verses 41 (= 3.15) and 1–13c (= 1.1–2.3c)	43
Prātimokùasūtra	07
Saüyuktāgama	34
Suvarõabhāsottamasūtra, Deśanāparivarta (chapter 3)	09
Udānavarga?	11
Udānavarga	27

5.3 Concordances of word forms⁴³¹

5.3.1 Sanskrit

…āõāü	]āõāü	03 A04
...dadhe	dadhe	03 A03
...graparyāpannatvāt	graparyāpannatvāt	01.1 02
...hçdayam	]hçdayaü	10 v04
... kārasya	k[Ё]r[a]sy[a]	05 (3713/2) v01
... kāre	kāre	35 v02
...lavr̥kùavat	lavç[kùa]vat	01.4 02
...maye	maye	02 v05
...nayaþ	naya	01.3 03
...rttimayam	rttimayam	02 v02
a, ā
abhūt	[’]bhūt	33 v01
abhyavapannam	abhya[vapannaü]	43.1 26f.
adhyardhaśatake	adhyardhaśatake	43.1 24
aham	ahaü	06 v02
aham	aha<ü>	06 v03
aham	ahaü	06 v06
aham	ahaü	06 v08
aham	aha<ü>	08 r03
aham	’haü	43.1 13
ajānanto	-m-ajān[ant]o	09 v03
ākrośet	ākrośed	04 r02
ākruùya	-āk[ru]ù[ya]	04 r04
alabdhvā	alab[dhv]ai[va]	34 v02
alobhaþ	alobhah	02 r02
amūóhavinayam	am<ū><óh>avinayaü	07 v03
amūóhavinayārhasya	am<ū><óh>avinayārhasya	07 v02f.
anapāyinaþ	cānapāyinaþ	43.1 11
anavaskçtabāndhavaþ	anavaskçtabāndha<vaþ>	43.1 29
anityatāvyanusçtām	anityatāvyanusçtāü	43.1 15
antaþ	anta	43.1 22
antaram	’ntaram	43.1 13
anunaya...	anun[a]ya...	29 B04
anupādānam	anupādānam	27 v07
anuparākramet(?)	[anuparā]kr[a]m[e]t(?)	34 v01
anyeùām	anyeùāü	34 v07
anyeùu	anyeùu	43.1 30
api	apy	08 r03
api	-āpi	26 B04
api	-āpi	27 r02
api	‘pi	43.1 11
api	-āpi	43.1 18
api	api	43.1 30
ārūpyotpādanam	ārūpyotpād[anaü]	02 r03f.
āsādya	āsādya	34 v03
asaükhyeyaviùayān	asaükhyeyaviùayā<n>	43.1 17
asmi	[a]smīti	32 A02
āśritāþ	āśrit<ā><þ>	27 v07
aùñau	’ùñāv	02 r02
asti	nāsti	01.1 04
asti	asti	43.1 09
asti	asti	43.1 21
asti	nāsty	43.1 22
astu	’s[tu]	43.1 19
āsvādam	-āsvādam	34 v02
atha	atha	27 r02
atilolatā	atilolatā	43.1 02
ātmānām	ātmānāü	02 v02
ātmecchācchalamātram	ātmecchācchalamātran	43.1 01
ātmā	ātmopЁyāt<i>	36 v01
āttasāram	āttasāraü	43.1 16
āva...	āva...	01.1 01
avasthitāþ	cāvasthitā	43.1 07
avaśyam	a[va]śyam	04 r03
avetya	avetyāpi	43.1 17f.
avicintya	avicintyoktam	01.1 03
āviśa	āviśa	10 v03
āviśa	āviś[a]	10 v03
avyāpāritasādhuþ	[avyāp]ā[r]i[tasādhus]	43.1 27f.
ayam	ayaü	01.1 03
b, bh
bahuśrutaþ	bahu[śruta]	08 r06
bhagavataþ	bhagavato	43.1 12f.
bhikùavaþ	bhikùava[þ]	01.4 04
bhūyaþ	bhūy[a]ś	01.3 01
bodhisatvayānikānām	bodhisatvayānikānāü	04 r01
brūmaþ	brūmo	01.3 02
buddhastotre	buddhastotre	43.1 24
c
ca	ca	03 A04
ca	ca	04 r01
ca	c[a]	09 v01a
ca	cā-	43.1 07
ca	ca	43.1 09
ca	cā-	43.1 11
cakùuþ	cak[ùu(þ)]	34 v05
cakùuþ	cakùur	34 v07
catur-	catu[r-]	34 v04
catvāraþ	catv<ā>ra	01.3 04
cem...	cem...	01.3 01
cetanā	cetanā	43.1 09
d, dh
daśabalāgrataþ	daś[abalāgrataþ]	09 v02
dāsyāmaþ	dāsyāma<þ>	07 v02
dāsyāmaþ	d<ā>syāma<þ>	07 v03
dāsyāmaþ	dāsyāma<þ>	07 v06
deśayiùyāmi	[de]śayiùyāmi	09 v02
dharmā...	dharmā...	01.4 03
dharmāþ	dharmā(þ)	01.3 03
dharmāþ	dharm<ā>	06 v02
dharmeõa	dharmeõa	43.1 12
dhyānādhyayanalakùaõam	dhyānāddhyayanalakùa[õaü]	02 r04f.
doùāþ	doùā	43.1 06
doùāþ	doùāþ	43.1 09
dçùñ...	dçùñ...	01.1 03
durlabhā	durla[bhā]	02 r05f.
e
ekasya	ekasya	43.1 10
etat	etad	02 r05
eva	eva	04 r03
eva	sadaiva	27 r01
eva	alab[dhv]ai[va]	34 v02
eva	eva	43.1 07
eva	tasyaiva	43.1 08
eva	eva	43.1 23
g
gantum	gantuü	43.1 07f.
gatāþ	s. niùñhāügatāþ
gomān	gomān	05 (3713/2) v02
gomantau	go[mantau]	05 (3713/2) v02
guõāþ	guõāþ	43.1 07
guõāþ	guõās	43.1 10f.
guõān	guõān	43.1 18
guõān	guõān	43.1 23
guõeùu	guõeùv	43.1 21
h
ha	ha	43.1 06
hetoþ	[dh]<e>[tos]	08 r05
hetuprabhāvāþ	h<e>tupra[bhāvā]	06 v02
hi	hi	43.1 11
i
īdçśāþ	īdçśā	43.1 22
iha	ihā	01.1 05
iha	ihā-	02 v01
imām	nemāü	43.1 16
iti	iti	01.3 02
iti	iti	01.3 04
iti	i[t]i	01.3 04
iti	it[i]	01.3 07
iti	iti	03 A03
iti	[a]smīti	32 A02
iti	ity	43.1 17
iti	iti	43.1 22
iti	iti	43.1 22
iti	ity	43.1 23
iyantaþ	iyanta	43.1 22
j
janaþ	janaþ	43.1 31
janmavçkùasya	janmavçkùasya	01.1 04
jighāüsubhir	jighā<ü>subhir	43.1 32
k
kā	kā	43.1 22
kā	kā	43.1 30
kalahayitvā	kalahayitvā	04 r02
Kaliïgopavicārāntarikāyāü	Ka]l<ї>[ü]gop[a]vic<ā>rān[t]arikāyāü	34 v08
kariùyāmaþ	kariùyāma<þ>	07 v04f.
kariùyāmi	kariùyāmi	43.1 16
karma	ka[rma]	05 (3713/1) v01
karma	ka[r]ma	09 v01
karmabhiþ	k[arma]bhi(þ)	05 (3713/1) v02
karmabhyaþ	karmabhya(þ)	05 (3713/1) v03
karmabhyām	k[armabhyā]m	05 (3713/1) v02
karmabhyām	karmabhyā[m]	05 (3713/1) v03
karmacchidrasasaüśayām	karmacchidrasasaüśayām	43.1 15f.
karmaõā	[karma]õ[ā]	05 (3713/1) v02
karmaõaþ	karmaõa(þ)	05 (3713/1) v03
karmaõām	k[a]rma[õā]m	05 (3713/1) v04
karmaõi	karma[õi]	05 (3713/1) v04
karmaõoþ	karmaõo(þ)	05 (3713/1) v04
kaścit	ka<ś>cid	43.1 12
kasmāt	kasmā[d]	08 r05
katame	katame	01.3 03
kathā	kathā	43.1 22
kathā	kathā	43.1 30
katham	kathan	43.1 16
kathayā	kathayā	29 B02
kathyeta	ka<th>yeta	43.1 02
kāyikam	[k]āyik{ā}ü	08 r02
kāyikam	k<ā>yikaü	08 r04
kiücana	kiücana	43.1 01
kriyate	kriyate	43.1 18f.
kçtaü	kçtaü	09 v01
kuśāstratimirotsādī	kuśāstr[a]ti[mirotsādī]	02 v04
kusīdaþ	kusīda<þ>	27 r01
kutaþ	kuto	02 v01
l
labhate	labhate	43.1 12
m
mā	mā	08 r01
mahārõavayugacchidrakūrma-grīvārpāõopamam	mahārõavayugacchidrakūrmagrīvārpāõopamam	43.1 14f.
manovākkāyakarmasu	manovākkāyakarmasu	43.1 11f.
manuùyatvam	manuùyatvaü	43.1 13
māram	māraü	27 v05
mātāpitén	[mātāpi]tç-m-ajān[ant]o	09 v03
me	m[e]	09 v01
mukharāþ	mukharā	43.1 23
muneþ	muneþ	43.1 18
n
na	nāsti	01.1 04
na	na	01.1 05
na	na	43.1 06
na	na	43.1 10
na	na	43.1 11
na	nemāü	43.1 16
na	na	43.1 21
na	nāsty	43.1 22
namaþ	namas	43.1 19
niþsaraõam	[niþ]s[a]raõaü	04 r03
niścayaþ	niścayaþ	43.1 21
niùñhām	s. niùñhāügatāþ
niùñhāügatāþ432	niùñhāïgatā	33 v02
nītaþ	n<ī>tas	33 v03
nūnam	n<ū>naü	01.3 02
nyāyyam	nyāy<y>aü	43.1 09
p
pādarajāüsi	[pādarajāü]si	33 v04
paõóitopajātāþ	pa]õóitopajā[t]ā	01.3 04
pāpakam	pāpaka[ü]	09 v01
pāra...	pāra...	01.4 03
paribhāùeta	paribhāù<e>ta	04 r02
paricchedaþ	pari[cch]ed[a]þ	43.1 25
parisraveùu	[pa]risraveù[u]	29 B05
prabhūtādbhutakarmaõe	prabhūtādbhutakarmaõe	43.1 20
prahāõam	prahāõaü	31 B03
prajñāyudhena	prajñā[yudhena]	27 v05
prāõaiþ	prāõair	43.1 30
praõayī	[pra]õayī	43.1 31
prapañcaþ	prapaüca<þ>	34 v05
prāptatvam	[p]rāptatv[aü]	01.4 03
prāpya	prāpya	43.1 13
praśāstā	praśās[t]ā	01.3 08
prathamadhyānabhaumena	[pra]thamadhyānabhaumena	01.2 03
prathamadhyānalābhina	prathamaddhyānalābhina(þ)	01.2 02
prati	prati	43.1 23
pratijñāvinayam	pratijñāvinayaü	07 v04
pratijñāvinayārhasya	pratijñāvinayārhasy{ā}	07 v03f.
pratiniviùñaþ	pratiniviùño	43.1 11
pratyekabuddhayānikānām	prat[ye]kabuddhayānikānāü	04 r01
pravārayāmi	[pravāra]yāmi	08 r01
praviviktaþ	pravivi[ktaþ]	08 r07
pudgalānām	pudgalān[ā]ü	04 r01
pudgalena	pudgalena	04 r03
punaþ	puna<þ>	01.1 04
puõyāþ	puõyā	43.1 23
pūrvam	pūrv[aü]	09 v01
r
rūpāõām	r<ū>p<ā>õāü	34 v05
ś, s
sā	sā	43.1 02
sadā	sadaiva	27 r01
saþ	so	43.1 13
saha	saha	43.1 12
śailam	[ś]ailam	34 v03
sajjanapraśāstāþ	sajjanapr[a]śāstā	01.3 03
saü...	saü...	01.1 04
saü...	saü...	01.4 02
sāmānyopāüśu	sāmānyopāüśu	43.1 01
samāptam	samāpta<ü>	10 v04
saübandhaþ	saübandho	01.1 05
saübodhyaïgeùu	saübodhy{ā}ïgeùu	27 v06
saükalpahataþ	saükalpahataþ	27 r01
saükhyāprabhāvābhyām	saükhyāprabh[āvā]bhyāü	43.1 20f.
saütuùñaþ	sa<ü>tuù[ña]þ	08 r07
samyakpratipadā	[samyakpratipad]ā	33 v02
saüyogaþ	s[a]ü[yogaþ]	34v 05
saüyojati	saüyojati	34 v06
santi	santi	43.1 06
santi	santy	43.1 10
santi	santi	43.1 10
śaraõam	śaraõaü	43.1 07
sarasvatī	sarasvatī	26 B04
sarasvatīm	sarasvatīm	43.1 17
śāriputra	ś[āriputra]	08 r03
śāriputra	[śāri]putra	08 r06
śarīraiþ	śarīraiþ	43.1 31
śarīrāõi	śarīrāõi	43.1 31
śarīriõām	[śar]ī[r]i[õ]ām	43.1 32
sarvā...	sarvā...	01.4 05
sarva-	sa[r]v[	35 v04
sarvābhisāreõa	sarvābhisāreõa	43.1 06f.
sarvadā	sarvadā	43.1 06
sarvadharmā	sarvadharmā	01.3 08
sarvajñaþ	[sarvaj]ñ[aþ]	02 v03
sarvathā	sarvathā	43.1 06
sarvavidaþ	sarvavidaþ	43.1 10
sarve	sarve	43.1 06
sarve	sarve	43.1 06
sarve	sarve	43.1 10
sasaddharmamahotsavam	sasaddharmamahotsavam	43.1 13f.
śāsane	śāsane	43.1 08
śāstrajñānamaye	[śāstrajñāna]maye	02 v05
satatam	satataü	27 r03
satyatvāt	satyatvād	01.4 04
savāsanāþ	savāsanāś	43.1 09
śīlavān	ś<ī>lavāü	08 r06
smçtivinayam	smçti⦅vina⦆y[aü]	07 v01f.
smçtivinayārhasya	[smçtivinayārhas]y[a]	07 v01
śreyasī	ś[r]e[yasī]	02 v02
sthāpayitvā	sthāpayit[v]ā	01.4 02
sthātum	sthātuü	43.1 08
sthitaþ	sth{ī}to	09 v02
sthūlān	sthūlān	27 r02
stotum	stotuü	43.1 08
sucaritaiþ	sucaritair	33 v03
sūkùmān	sūkùm<ā>ü	27 r02
sūtracandramāþ	[s]ūtracandramā<þ>	02 v03
sūtram	[s]ū[tram]	03 A01
sūtram	sūtram	03 A02
sūtram	[sū]tram	03 A05
svāhā	sv[ā]hā	10 v02
svaiþ	svaiþ	43.1 31
svamāüsāni	svamā<ü>s[ān]y	43.1 29
svārthagauravāt	svārthagauravāt	43.1 19
svayam	s[va]yaü	43.1 26
svayambhuve	svayaübhuve	43.1 19
syāt	syād	01.1 05
t
tadekadeśapraõayaþ	tadekadeśapraõayaþ	43.1 18
tadyathā	ta[d]y[athā]	10 v02
tam	tam	43.1 07
tam	taü	43.1 08
tam	tam	43.1 08
tasmāt	tasmād	01.1 03
tasya	tasyaiva	43.1 08
tat	tad	01.3 02
tat	tat	08 r05
tat	tat	34 v06
tatra	tatra	01.3 04
tatra	tatrā-	34 v02
tatsvabhāvaiùīyam	tatsv{ā}bh<ā>vaiù<ī>yaü	07 v05f.
tatsvabhāvaiùīyārhasya	tatsvabh<ā>vaiù<ī>y[ā]rh[a]sy{ā}	07 v05
tava	tavā-	08 r03
tāvataþ	tāva[ta]	04 r03
tāyinaþ	tāyinaþ	43.1 10
tayoþ	tayo<þ>	34 v06
te	te	33 v04
te	te	43.1 09
te	te	43.1 11
te	[t]e	43.1 19
te	te	43.1 23
tebhyaþ	tebhyo	02 r02
tena	tena	04 r03
tu...	tu...	07 v03a
tu	tu	27 v06
tu	tu	43.1 01
tu	tu	43.1 23
tvam	[t]v[aü]	43.1 28
tvayā	tvayā	33 v03
tvayā	[t]v[ayā]	43.1 30
tvayi	tvayi	33 v02
u
ucyatām	ucyatām	01.3 02
uktam	avicintyoktam	01.1 03
uktānām	<u>ktānāü	34 v04
upanikùipya	yatropanikùipya	43.1 02
upāsitum	upāsituü	43.1 08
upāttānāü	upā[ttānāü]	43.1 32
upЁyāti	ātmopЁyāt<i>	36 v01
upodghātastavaþ	upodghātastava...	43.1 24
ūrdhv...	ūrdhv...	01.2 02
v
vā	[v]ā	04 r02
vā	vā	04 r02
vā	vā	04 r02
vā	vā	08 r02
vā	vā	08 r04
vā	vāpi	27 r02
vacanāt	[va]canāt	01.3 07
vadāmi	[vadā]mi	04 r03
vai	vai	27 r03
vaktuþ	vaktur	43.1 02
vāmam	vāma<ü>	02 v03
vastuùu	[va]stuùv	43.1 30
vayam	vayam	02 v01
vayam	vayam	43.1 23f.
vigarhāmi	vigarh<ā>m<i>	08 r04
vinayam	vinayaü	07 v03a
vineyāþ	vineyā	01.3 02
vitarkān	vitarkān	27 r02
vitarkān	vitarkāü	27 r03
vitarkayan	vitarkayan	27 r03
vivādya	vivādya	04 r02
vivādya	[v]i[v]ādyā-	04 r04
y
yadbhūyaiùīyārhasya	[ya]dbhūyaiù<ī>yā[rhasya]	07 v06f.
yadi	yady	43.1 09
yasya	yasya	43.1 06
yasya	yasya	43.1 20
yathābalam	yathābalaü	02 r05
yathākramam	y[a]thākr[amaü]	35 v01
yathoktam	[ya]tho[ktaü]	01.3 08
yathoktam	yatho[kta]ü	01.4 04
yatra	yatropanikùipya	43.1 01f.
yatra	yatra	43.1 07
yāvat	yāvad	02 r04
ye	ye	06 v02
yena	yenā-	26 B04
yeùām	yeùān	27 v06
yudhyeta	yudhyeta	27 v05

 

5.3.2 Tocharian B

…×iskemane	...×iskemane		29 A05
…kañi	…kañi		37.1 v11
...ko	...ko		37.4 v02
…laiko	…laiko		37.2 v06
...lko	...lko		37.3 v05
...lñe	...lñe		37.3 v04
…n	...n		11 A01
…ñc or …ñcaü	…ñc or …ñcaü		18 r 02
...ñ[ ]ntä	...ñ[ ]ntä		11 B01
...nentse	...nentse		28 A02
…nt	...nt		13 v01
…psā	...psā		16 r01
…sälñe	...sälñe		32 B02
…skalñe	…skalñe		37.2 v01
…t/naü	…t/naü		37.2 v03
…waññe	…waññe		38 v11
a, ā
aiśamñe	aiśamñe		28 B01
aknātsa	aknā[tsa]		12 A02
alyeïkäü	{ā}lyeïkä[ü]		11 B01
ampalyiśkai433	ampalyiśkai434		38 v02
āyor	āyor		11 A01
c
Caitike or Caiyitiśka435	cai…		15 r02
e
ekaññe	ekaññe		13 v01
empelye	[e]mpelye		11 A02
eïkastar	eïkastar		38 v05
epes	epes		37.3 v05
g
Gautam...	gauta[m- ...]		28 A02
k
kantanantar	kantanantar		38 v06
kärsälñeùùe	kä[rs]ä[lñeùùe]		27 v06
kärùälyana	kärùälyana		37.3 v02
keś...	keś...		37.3 v02
klā...	klā...		28 B02
kräïkaiññ…	kräïkaiññ…		30 A-01
krat/ntsan/taü	krat/ntsan/taü		37.2 v03
kuriśkene	kuriśkene		38 v13
kuse	kuse		12 B01
kwātse...	kwātse...		37.1 v07
l
leánñ436	leánñ437		37.4 v01
*lupùuki	lyo[pù]uk[i]		37.1 v07
luwa	luwa		37.1 v07
m
mā	mā	11 B-02
mā	mā	38 v05
māmantaù	māmantaù	38 v04
mo ri ïk[?]i	mo ri ïk[?]i	37.2 v05
muorap	muorap	38 v14
n
nawasa438	nawasa439	38 v11
o
o…	o…	11 B-02
ol	ol	38 v16
p
pa…	pa…	12 B02
pa l[?]e tta	pa l[?]e tta	37.1 10
pälyśalñe	pälyś[alñe]	31 A03
pälskänamane	pälskä[namane]	27 r03
pañäśkai	pañäśkai	38 v12
pärsānt	pärsānt	37.1 v08
pärsāntsñe	pärsā(n)tsñe	29 B04
pelaikneùùe	pelaik[n]e[ùù]e	29 B02
pkänte	pkänte	12 B02
plyaüsi	plyaüsi	37.2 v02
plyecyeü	plyecyeü	11 A01
po	po	11 B01
pramānta	pramānta	37.3 v06
prast	prast	38 v16
prasthan	prasthan	38 v15
r
räskare	räskare	29 A02
rätre[ ]śe	rätre[ ]śe	38 v13
reki	reki	32 B03
rittālñe	r[i][t]t[ā]lñe	29 B03
ś, ù, s
ś…	ś…	37.3 v04
śāk440	śāk441	37.1 v10
ùamem×...	ùamem×...	31 A02
saüvaräùùe...	saüvar<ä>[ùùe-]	37.1 v05
ùanmirentse	ùanmire[nts]e	12 B03
ùanmirentse	[ùa]nmir[e]ntse	12 A01
ùar	ùar	37.2 v06
sark	sark	37.1 v03
sarkne	sarkne	37.2 v05
śarsa	śarsa	18 r01
saim yām-?	sai[m yām-]?	27 v07
ùek	ùe[k]	27 r01
ùesa	ùesa	38 v15
śle	śl<e>	13 v01
smaññe	smaññe	38 v15
snai-eïkälñe	snai-eïkälñe	27 v07
sonopantär	[sonopa]ntär	37.2 v04
spārttalñe	sparttañe	37.1 v06
spe…	spe…	14.1 A02
śutkaske…	śutkaske…	37.3 v03
svabhāptsa	svabh[āp]ts[a]	29 A04
t
tarśauna	tarśauna	31 B02
tawasa442	tawasa443	38 v11
te	te	37.1 v05
tekiññe	tekiññe	29 A02
tu	tw	11 B01
w
walä...	walä...	37.1 v10
Waüùi	wa[üù]i	16 r01
wapāntsañe	wawāntsañe	37.1 v04
warñai	wa[r]ñai	37.3 v04
wartse	wartse	38 v12
wasto	[wa]sto	12 A02
wlāü…	wlāü…	37.4 v01
y
ya…	ya…	37.3 v05
yamaùälle	[ya]maùälle	32 A01
yarponta	yarponta	13 v01
yäùañe	yäùañe	37.3 v06
yirmakkai	yirmak̄ai	15 r01
yirmakkai	yirmak̄ai	16 r02
yirpùuki	[y]irp[ùu]ki	15 r02
yirpùuki	yirpù[uk]i	16 r03
yirpùuki	[y]i[rpùuk]i	17 r02
ykāüù…	ykāü[ù-...]	31 A03
yśelme?	yśe[lme]?	12 B01
yśelmenne	yśelmenne	29 A03

5.3.3 Tocharian A

…iñc	...iñc	26 B03
…nt	…nt	19 A01
…yā	...yā	19 B01
...yme	[y]m	19 A02
a
āñcäm	ā[ñcäm]	20.2 A02
c
Candragarbh444	[ca]ndr[a]garbh445	26 A03
cemäk	cemä[k]	19 A02
e
ekapuõóarik	ekapuõóarik	26 A02
k
kalkar	kalkar	19 A02
kapśäññäù?	[kapśäñ]ñ[ä]ù?	20.1 A01
klopant	klopant	19 B01
kraüś	kraś	26 B03
l
lānt	l[ā]nt	26 A01
lyutār	lyutār	26 B02
m
mā	mā	19 B02
mrācaü	mrācaü	26 A01
mälsep ?	mälsep ?	26 A03
ñ, n
nākäm	nākäm	19 A03
nākäm446	nā[kä]m447	19 B02
nāütsu?	nāütsu?	26 A03
ñareyaü	ñareyaü	19 B03
näù	näù	19 A04
neùiü	neùiü	19 A04
nunak	nunak	19 A03
p
pälk…	pä[l]k …	19 A03
pälkāt	pälkāt	19 B02
pälke	päl[k]e	19 B04
pälkoräù	pälkoräù	19 A04
pältskes	pältskes	26 B02
pin×…	pin×…	26 B03
ś, ù, s
särki	s[ärki]	19 A04
sumeris	sum<e>ris	26 A01
ùulaśśi	ùul[aś]ś[i]	26 A01
śka-tampe	śka-ta[m]p<e>	26 A04
ùñi	ùñi	20.2 A02
śpālme448	[śpā]lme449	26 A02
śpālmeü	[ś]pālmeü	26 A04
t
tākäùlune	tākäùlune	26 B02
tāskmāü	tāskmāü	26 A04
tmaü	[t]m[a]ü	19 A03
tmaü	tmaü	19 B02
tmaśal	tmaśal	26 A04
v
Vajragarbh450	[va]jr[a]garbh451	26 A03
w
wākmats	wākmats	26 A04
wärpnānträ	wärpnānträ	19 B01
warsa…?	Warsa…?	26 B05
y
yāmu	yāmu	26 B05
yok	yok	20.1 A01

5.3.4 Uyghur

…gay	…gay	23 A
…gıŋa	…gıŋa	38 v04
…k[ ]rak[ ]	…k[ ]rak[ ]	38 v03
…l[ ]rtgäli	…l[ ]rtgäli	37.1 v04
…ları	…ları	22 A02
…lgalı	…lgalı	37.1 v03
…mač	…mač	38 v06
…nduka…	…nduka…	22 A03
…nIŋ	…nIŋ	35 v01
…önläri	…[ö]nlär[i]	22 A03
…or	…or	24 A04
…rip	…rip	24 B02
…tantakı	…tantakı	38 v16
…ükät[ ]r[ ]	…ükät[ ]r[ ]	37.1 v01
…ürlär	…ürlär	37.3 v06
…yü	…yü	25 A02
a, ä
a[?]T[ ]mıš	a[?]T[ ]mıš	38 v10
Ačaryabale	Ačaryabale	43.2.1
Ačaryadas	Ačaryadas	43.2.4 04
ädgü	ädgü	25 A02
ädgü	ädgü	33 v03
Amogašri	Amo<g>ašr[i]	04 v interlinear note
antapurike	[anta]puri[k]e	22 B03
ärdäni	[ä]rdäni	22 B02
ärdni	[ä]rdni	24 A03
ärdni	ä[r]dni	22 B02
arkasında	arkasında	37.1 v03
artokı	artokı	21 v04
ärür	ärür	22 A02
ärür	ärür	34 v05
ärür	ärür	34 v05
ärür	är[ür]	34 v06
Äsän(?)	Äsän(?)	43.2.3
ašıg	ašıg	34 v02
atı	[at]ı	34 v07
atlıg	atlıg	22 A02
atlıg	[atlı]g	22 B03
ätözüm	ätözüm	36 v01
avazta	avazta	38 v13
ävrišiŋ	ävrišiŋ	33 v02
az	az	34 v05
azkıya	azkı[ya]	38 v16
azu	azu	34 v05
ažun	a[žun]	21 v02
b
Bačak	Bačak	43.2.4 04
Bačak	Bačak	43.2.4 06a
bagı	bagı	34 v06
Balačokdas	Balačokdas	43.2.1
Balačokdas	Balačokdas	43.2.4 06a
balmıš	balmıš	34 v06
Basa	Basa	43.2.1
Basa	Basa	43.2.4 04
bašın	bašın	37.3 v03
biläkiŋä	biläkiŋ[ä]	37.2 v06
bilgäni	bilgäni	37.2 v02
bittim	b(i)t(t)im	43.2.1
bittim	b(i)t(t)im	43.2.4 04
bıčmak	bıčmak	37.2 v03
bo	bo	04 v interlinear note
bo	b[o]	21 v02
bo	bo	24 A04
bolsarlar	bolsarlar	34 v06
bözči	bözči	37.1 v04
bulmazsän	bu[lmazsän]	38 v05
büšök	büšök	37.3 v05
d
darani	[dara]ni	04 v interlinear note
Drıtaraštrı	[D]rı[ta]raštrı	22 B04
e
elttiŋ	elt(t)iŋ	33 v03
g
gandarwılar	gandarwılar	22 A04
gandarwılar	[ga]ndar[w]ı[la]r	22 B04
i, ı
ičikmäk	ičikm[äk]	33 v01
ičtin	ičtin	33 v01
ikinüŋ	ikinüŋ	34 v06
išKirti	išKirti	37.1 v08
k
käŋräk	käŋräk	38 v14
karga	k[ar]g[a]	34 v01
kata	kata	04 v interlinear note
Kaya	K(a)ya	43.2.4 04
Kaya	<K>aya	43.2.4 06a
Kaymıš	Kaymıš	43.2.1
Kaymıš	Kaymıš	43.2.4 04
käzigčä	[kä]zigčä	24 A02
kenlegtä	kenlegtä	35 v04
keŋ	keŋ	38 v12
kim	kim	21 v02
kiši	kši	43.2.3
kılınč	kılı[nč]	23 B01
kılınčlar	kılınčlar	33 v03
kızgut	kızgut	37.3 v06
köni	köni	33 v02
kötrölmišniŋ	kötrölmišniŋ	34 v07
köz	köz	34 v05
közi	k[ö][zi]	34 v07
küsän	küsän	37.1 v09
m
mahabut	mahabut	34 v04
mahara’	ma[hara’]	22 B04
män	män	04 v interlinear note
män	män	06 v05
män	män	06 v06
män	män	21 v02
män	män	43.2.4 04
mäŋiläyin	mäŋiläyin	36 v02
Mileg	Mileg	43.2.4 04
Mileg	Mileg	43.2.4 06a
mö	mö	34 v05
monoŋ	mono[ŋ]	37.1 v06
munta[g]	munda[g]	24 A04
n
nizvanelarıg	nizvanelarıg	21 v04
o, ö
ol	ol	21 v02
ol	ol	34 v06
ol	ol	38 v07
ol	ol	38 v16
olar	olar	34 v06
öltö	öltö	36 v01
on	o[n]	21 v04
öŋ	öŋ	34 v04
öŋrä	öŋrä	21 v02
p
prast	prast	38 v16
s, š
s/čag…	s/čag…	37.1 v09
šabı	šab<ı>	06 v02
šabı	šabı	06 v06
sadu sadu	sadu sadu	25 A02
säkiz	säkiz	21 v04
säniŋ	säniŋ	33 v04
Saŋasın	Saŋasın	43.2.1
Saŋasınka	Saŋas<ın>ka	43.2.4 04
Saŋasınka	Saŋasınka	43.2.4 06a
satg…	s[a]tg…	37.2 v02
sävinčtä	sävinčtä	21 v03
seni	se[ni]	33 v03
sentä	sentä	33 v02
šilawantı	š(i)lawantı	43.2.1
šilawantı	šilawantı	43.2.4 04
Sinhaguptı	Si<n>haguptı	43.2.3
šiŋ	šiŋ	38 v15
sıg	sıg	37.1 v10
sudur	sud[u]r	22 A02
süŋü	süŋü	37.3 v03
sürtärlär	[sü]rtärl[ä][r]	37.2 v04
sürtärlär	s[ü]rt[ärlär]	38 v06
t
tägindim	tägindim	25 A02
täŋri	[t][ä]ŋri	21 v03
taralmıš	taralmı[š]	37.4 v02
tarkarıp	tarkarıp	21 v04
tašıg	tašıg	34 v03
tavsı	tavsı kı[ya]	38 v02
tep	tep	34 v02
tikmäk	tikmäk	37.2 v03
titigči	t[i]tigči	37.1 v07
tokımak	tokımak	37.1 v10
töpö	tö[pö]	38 v11
töpötan	[tö]pötan	34 v06
tözlög	tözl[ö]g	34 v04
tüŋür	tüŋür	37.3 v05
tupraklarıŋ	tupraklarıŋ	33 v04
türtärlär	türtärl[ä]r	37.2 v04
tušup	tušu[p]	34 v03
tutmakta	tutmakta	37.3 v04
tutñak	tutñak	34 v05
tutñaklanmaguluk	tutñaklanma<g>uluk	34 v05
tuvak	tuvak	38 v11
tüzü	tü[z]ü	33 v02
u, ü
učasında	učasında	37.2 v05
ugrayu	ugrayu	38 v03
ukıdım	ukıdım	04 v interlinear note
ulatı	ulatı	37.3 v04
üntürti	üntürti	37.2 v02
upadiligları	upadiligla[r]ı	35 v03
urmıš	urmıš	37.1 v09
utlı	utlı	21 v03
utun	utun	21 v04
üzä	üzä	33 v02
üzä	[ü]zä	33 v03
üzä	ü[zä]	33 v03
užik	užik	24 B03
užik	užik	35 v02
užik	[u]ži[k]	35 v05
w
wilapčı	wilapčı	38 v12
y
yaŋlıg	yaŋlıg	38 v14
yarıkčı	yarıkčı	37.1 v05
yarmak	yarmak	37.1 v01
yerindin	yerindin	21 v03
yimä(?)	yimä(?)	43.2.4 04
yme	yme	21 v03
yöläŋö	yöläŋö	37.3 v02
yüŋ	yüŋ	37.1 v09

6 Addenda et corrigenda to Part I

1. 20 Transcription: l. 01 ihā > ihā-; l.02 ś[r]e > ś[r]e-
2. 24.19–20: Delete: and the minimal width of the folio (38–40 cm)
3. 26.5: [v]i[v]ā dyāk[ru]ù[ya] > [v]i[v]ādyāk[ru]ù[ya]
4. 26.6: Delete: + fn.: =
5. 26.12: bodhi[satva(ed. °ttva) > bodhi[satva-(ed. °ttva-)
6. 26 footnote 35: PVSP(K) 2006. > PVSP(K) 1992.
7. 27 Transcription: Amogašr[i] > Amo<g>ašr[i]
8. 31.13: Add after the Transcription:

Commentary

In l. 01 the accusative sing. is preserved. L. 02 contains the instrumental forms. L. 03 shows the dative pl., ablative sing. and dual, l. 04 the genetive dual and plur., followed by the locative sing.

32. 32.6: Sanskrit > Sanskrit and Uyghur
33. 39.10: dh]<e>[tos ...] > dh]<e>[tos ...] or: dh]<e>[t]o[s ...]
34. 41.5 Transliteration: 01° > 01a
35. 41.12 Transcription l. 02: sth{ī}to > sth^{ī^}to
36. 51.10 and 11: (SI 6378/1) > 15 (SI 6378/1)
37. 54 Transliteration l. 04: ùpa > ùpa
38. 54 Transcription l. 04: pä[l]ke > pälke
39. 58.27: biligsizbilig > biligsiz bilig
40. 64 note 111 l.3 ff.: The first to determine … (through the end) > The first to determine the figure of the South Turkestan Brāhmī (s. pl. 24-4) was Vorobiov-Desiatovskii (1958: 283 and 288), while K.T. Schmidt (2001: 23 fn.19; 2021: 111 f.) identified that of the NTB (s. pl. 24-3). Schmidt (2021: 111 f.) and Ching & Ogihara (2010: 108) described its distinctive feature.
41. 66.5: Abbreviation > Abbreviations
42. 66.32: Abhisamaya. > Abhisamaya. Ed. and tr. by E. Conze.
43. 68.25: AlttürkischeHandschriften > Alttürkische Handschriften
44. 68.35: manuscript > manuscripts
45. 69.9: PvsP(K) 2006: Pañcaviüśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā V–VIII. Ed. by T. Kimura. Tokyo: Sankibo Busshorin Publishing Co. > PVSP(K) 1992: Pañcaviüśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā V. Ed. by T. Kimura. Tokyo: Sankibo Busshorin Publishing Co.
46. 69.12: Kaiserlichen > Kaiserliche
47. 70.5–9: For the correct bibliographic data of UW¹ and UW² see the references of this article.

¹ Since, according to the requirements of the journal, the paper should not exceed a certain size, the article has been divided into two parts. The first one includes monolingual manuscripts (nos. 1 to 25), the second one includes bilingual manuscripts (nos. 26 to 38), manuscripts in undentified language(s) (nos. 39 to 42), an appendix containing a Sanskrit fragment of the Prasādapratibhodbhava (= Śatapañcāśatka) of Mātçceña with scribal notes in Uyghur and Tocharian B, now kept in the State Hermitage (no. 43) as well as concordances.

² Part I has been published in WMO, 1(13).

³ Partly in verses.

⁴ S. B 04.

⁵ Or: o.

⁶ Or: o.

⁷ l[ā]nt is also possible to form l[ā]nt Sumeris mrācaü ‘on the head of King Sumeru’ (in Tumshukese & Konow 1935: Text VIII, there is metioned the coronation of King Meru = Sumeru).

⁸ Or: lm[o].

⁹ The akùara is misshapen.

¹⁰ Or: ptāü.

¹¹ Or: nma.

¹² Or: lnā.

¹³ Unusable traces.

¹⁴ Unusable traces.

¹⁵ Or: rnā.

¹⁶ Or: [ ]i ×.

¹⁷ Virāma with trema.

¹⁸ Virāma with trema; the sibilant not written through the special sign. Below, a sign looking like the numeral ‘9’.

¹⁹ Or: t×.

²⁰ Or: tā.

²¹ DThTA 2009: 71a.

²² BHS-D 1953: 153b.

²³ S. CEToM. Words s.v. tāskmāü.

²⁴ A 54 (=THT 687) b 2.

²⁵ https://www.univie.ac.at/tocharian/?m-sib1201. CEToM uses the older press mark SI B 120(1).

²⁶ Ogihara 2016: 232–234.

²⁷ The akùara is partially preserved on SI 2996/1. The diacritic <-ā> seems to be added by another hand.

²⁸ Traces of one or two akùara-s.

²⁹ The akùara is partially preserved on SI 2996/1 (s. Pl. 27‒2). The readings lsk (CEToM l. c.) and uncertain ḻḵs (Ogihara l. c., with note: “scribal error”) are outdated. The ligature lska is only found here.

³⁰ UvSkt (ed. B) 1965‒1968: XXXI 32c.

³¹ Visarga is often omitted in Central Asian manuscripts.

³² UvSkt (ed. B) 1965‒1968: XXXI 32c.

³³ Elsewhere attested palskänamane, Krause 1952: 261; Malzahn 2010: 721.

³⁴ The main part of <j> is on SI 2996/1.

³⁵ Part of <y> and trace of <e> on SI 2996/1.

³⁶ The ms reads °dhyā.

³⁷ Or virāma dot as Ogihara (o.c. note 7) takes it, in any case the end of the TochB translation. According to Bernhard's edition the following Skt. excerpt should read cānu° (ca+anu°), not anu°. The main function of ca was to prevent sandhi between the preceding °jya and anu° (> °jyānu°) resulting in metrically unwelcome loss of a syllable. It is not clear whether ca was forgotten here or was part of the preceding excerpt or we are dealing with a text variant without ca implying, however, hiatus without sandhi. The latter is attested by ms AD61 (SHT 449 fol. 61r5 = idp SHT 449/11) -jya an- (not quoted by Bernhard).

³⁸ Cf. above comm. on r01 kusīda<þ> :.

³⁹ Ogihara 2016: 233 note 8.

⁴⁰ Uv (Balk) 1988: 471.

⁴¹ UvSkt (ed. P) 1960: 248 note 6.

^{42 2}an-upādāya, SWTF 1994–2018: I 65b.

⁴³ BHS-Gr 1953: 35b § 4.59.

⁴⁴ A 01 is rather Skt. than TochB.

⁴⁵ Or: [ ]n[ ].

⁴⁶ Or: vai.

⁴⁷ Or: [ ]n[ ].

⁴⁸ DTB² 2013: 578 and 321.

⁴⁹ DTB² 2013: 564.

⁵⁰ DTB² 2013: 794. CEToM s.v.

⁵¹ DTB² 2013: II 580.

⁵² DTB² 2013: 402.

⁵³ MW 1899: 34a.

⁵⁴ MW 1899: 34a; BHS-D 1953: 28a; SWTF 1994‒2018: I 63a.

⁵⁵ BHS-D 1953: 332a; cf. SWTF 1994‒2018: III 99a.

⁵⁶ Likewise, but largely restored, in o.c. 33.9 in connection with avyathā- ‘absence of tremor’. — Interestingly, the Tibetan translation has thos na ‘on hearing,’ indicating that the Sanskrit original read pariśrava- or that parisrava- was interpreted as pariśrava-.

⁵⁷ Or: [?]n[ ].

⁵⁸ DTB² 2013: 229; CEToM s.v.

⁵⁹ Or to be read after 90° with clockwise rotation: × [ ]ai.

⁶⁰ Or to be read after 90° with clockwise rotation: × [ ]ai.

⁶¹ To be read after 90° counterclockwise rotation.

⁶² DTB² 2013: I 404; CEToM s.v.

⁶³ For both s. DTB² 2013: 558.

⁶⁴ DTB² 2013: 303 s.v. tārśi*.

⁶⁵ Or: ta?

⁶⁶ Or: ye.

⁶⁷ DTB² 2013: 585.

⁶⁸ On Varõārhavarõa Hartmann & Maue 1991; Maue 2002b.

⁶⁹ On Mātçceña Hartmann 1987: 12ff.

⁷⁰ On the Prasādapratibhodbhava Hartmann 1987: 23ff.

⁷¹ The shape and position of the <-ū> leave no doubt about <b^h->.

⁷² Or: r[r]i.

^[73] Underlying text established by Shackleton Bailey=ShB [PPUSkt (Ed. Shackleton Bailey) 1951: 54f.], various readings provided by K. Wille. The translation is by Shackleton Bailey (PPUSkt (Ed. Shackleton Bailey) 1951: 157).

⁷⁴ Or: niùñhāïgatā. For the interpretation as compound may speak the inner sandhi (m+g>ïg), parallel formations of the type pāramita- ‘gone to the opposite shore’ and perhaps also the excerption as a unit by the Uyghur translator. But the text variant niùñþāü guõā gatāþ could only arise from the interpretation as syntagma niùñhāï gatā.

⁷⁵ Cf. GOT 2004: 495.

⁷⁶ Not in ED 1972; cf. GOT 2004: 271; UW² 2010‒2021: II.2, 347.

⁷⁷ In a passage from the end of chapter 11 of the Maitreyasamitināñaka.

⁷⁸ Another calque based on the (artificial) equivalence of the roots Skt. vçt- and Uygh. ävir- is Uygh. ävriš as rendering of Skt. itivçttaka-, a literary genre of stories (virtually) ending with the words itivçttam ‘thus it happened’.

⁷⁹ E.g. ED 1972: 831b.

⁸⁰ E.g. AtüGr 1974: § 189; GOT 2004: 192.

⁸¹ Cf. l. 02 ad sentä.

⁸² Or: [?]k̄[ ].

⁸³ Or: incomplete -ai.

⁸⁴ Vertical stroke as separator?

⁸⁵ Or: ca? If so, clearly different from ca in l. 05 prapaüca, cakùu[ ], l. 07 cakùur; s. comm.

⁸⁶ Blurred, possibly crossed out: ⟦+⟧.

⁸⁷ The perfectly preserved akùara is ambiguous. It might be p^hu or hu, which are, however, meaningless in this context, or else the improperly executed number 6, or a misshaped 4.

⁸⁸ Without virāma stroke.

⁸⁹ Error for: g₁u.

⁹⁰ Virāma dot lacking or lost.

⁹¹ The form of <m-> is unusual. Original <-u> has been subsequently changed to <-y->. So perhaps <mu> corrected to <myo>? The dot above could be part of the vowel diacritic o or the virama dot belonging to the preceding -z.

⁹² Or: na.

⁹³ Or: nna, tna, nta.

⁹⁴ Certainly, incomplete rr- because simple r- can be excluded.

⁹⁵ The presence of the virāma stroke is uncertain though.

⁹⁶ Only a small but significant remainder: the long hasta represents <l>, the slash branching off from it <-ī>, cf. <lmī> in the preceding line.

⁹⁷ Two options: p- or ù-.

⁹⁸ Or: ci va.

⁹⁹ Or: t[ ]a.

¹⁰⁰ Cf. GOT 2004: 174.

¹⁰¹ Another shorter variant is found in Sūtra 1092 T 99 II 286c17–19, cf. Chung 2008: 77.

¹⁰² SN (ed. PTS) Vol. I 1884‒1898: 124_5-8; SN (re-ed. PTS) Vol. I 1998: 272 verses 504–505; Sn (ed. PTS) 1913: verses 447–448.

¹⁰³ Tr. after Norman Sn (tr. PTS) 2001: 53.

¹⁰⁴ SWTF 1994‒2018: I 502b.

¹⁰⁵ AN (ed. PTS) 1885‒1900: 161ff.

¹⁰⁶ BHS-D 1953: 380b.

¹⁰⁷ Cf. UW² 2010‒2021: II.2, 103ff.

¹⁰⁸ Tr. Edgerton BHS-D 1953: 239b.

¹⁰⁹ Suzuki 1932 — Internet versions: http://lirs.ru/do/lanka_eng/lanka-contents.htm, http:// www.buddhistische-gesellschaft-berlin.de/downloads/lankavatarasutrasuzuki.pdf), however, translates: “The ignorant are delighted with discoursing and false reasoning [but] they are unable to raise any great intelligence towards truth (tattva), discoursing is a source of suffering in the triple world, while truth is the extinguisher of suffering.” jalpaprapañcābhiratā hi bālās tattve na kurvanti matiü viśālām | jalpo hi traidhātukaduþkhayonis, tattvaü hi duþkhasya vināśahetuþ ‖ The Chinese translation supports Suzuki, s. the following fn.

¹¹⁰ AN (ed. PTS) 1885‒1900: 161_28.

¹¹¹ SN (tr. PTS) 2000: 540.

¹¹² “Appears in the Chinese renditions of Laïkâvatāra-sūtra attributed to Guõabhadra [T 670] and Śikùānanda [T 672] as a translation of the Sanskrit word prapañca” (DDB s.v.).

¹¹³ M. Erdal (p.c. 20.12.2019) invitingly considers that what was read tutayak (U II 1911: 6, 9–10) so far and declared “mis-spelt (or mistranscribed)” by Clauson (ED 1972: 462b) might be read tutnyak thus being directly comparable with the Brāhmī spelling. Accordingly, Wilkens (2021: 763b) with “tutayag† → tutñak → tutyak”.

¹¹⁴ ED 1972: 462b; OTWF 1991: 515; UW² 2010‒2021: II.1, 47 s.v. adkanmak: Abhi a 41b4 tutyak tegüči savta adkanmak tutyaklanmak tep yörüg ol “im Wort ‛tutyak’ liegt die Bedeutung das ‛Greifen’, das ‛Nehmen’ ” (tr. UW² 2010‒2021: l.c.). Tutyak is elsewhere also dyadically connected to az ‘greed’, as in our manuscript, cf. Wilkens 2021: 93b seq.

¹¹⁵ ED 1972: 462b.

¹¹⁶ For the equivalence cf. U II 1911: 11,2–4 az kılınč tıltagınta tutyaklanmak bolur. tutyak tıltagınta kılınč bolur. “From tçùõā- comes upādāna-. From upādāna- comes bhava- (Uygh. liter. ‘action’).” Erdal (OTWF 1991: 515) tries to do justice to the intransitive value of the composite suffix +lan- by translating ‘to get befallen by upādāna’.

¹¹⁷ Cf. GOT 2004: 169.

¹¹⁸ The exact meaning and closer localisation of the place, which has so far only been documented in the Upasena-Sūtra, is unknown. The Chin. has 迦陵伽行處 according to Waldschmidt 1967: 334 ‘im Spazierbereich von Kaliïka / 1989: 186 ‘at the walking place of Kaliïka’.

¹¹⁹ On the Central Asian Skt. manuscripts and the parallels in other languages and their editions, see Chung 2008: 77–79. On p. 78 l.14, entry Sūtra 252 BL Or.: 15009/662 (= H.149.x.11) verso.

¹²⁰ Digital photo sub: http://idp.bl.uk, search value: Or. 15009/662.

¹²¹ SWTF 1994‒2018: I 384.

¹²² Renou 1957: 109.

¹²³ Or: ha?

¹²⁴ Or: ne.

¹²⁵ Or: zyuü.

¹²⁶ öltö, usually ölti, with persevering assimilation ö - i> ö - ö.

¹²⁷ Or: rkyā.

¹²⁸ Or ti.

¹²⁹ Or: rr[ ]; rri O.

¹³⁰ Or: rk[ ] O.

¹³¹ Or: mg₁ā O, ùg₁ā, bg₁ā.

¹³² rk̄yā O.

¹³³ gci O.

¹³⁴ Or: × •; s[?][ ] O.

¹³⁵ ùa O.

¹³⁶ Or: nu?

¹³⁷ k^hci O; misreading.

¹³⁸ ñ[ ]o O. No trace of a subscript; the virāma stroke is well visible.

¹³⁹ Or: lpo O.

¹⁴⁰ tt[ ] or nt[ ] O.

¹⁴¹ tai O.

¹⁴² Or n[ ]e, n[ ]ai , t[ ]ai O. The second consonant of the ligature may be s.

¹⁴³ + O.

¹⁴⁴ Though only a small loop of the basis sign is preserved Ogihara was most probably right to determine it as y- If need be, s- would be another, but fruitless option.

¹⁴⁵ Or: ru (only theoretically as initial r- “was a sound entirely foreign to the Turkish language”, ED 1972: 780a).

¹⁴⁶ ca not excluded, cf. comm.

¹⁴⁷ Or: [-]g₁ , k̄[ ], [-]k̄.

¹⁴⁸ Or: ya?

¹⁴⁹ Or: nt[ ]. The vowel is -a or –^[ā^].

¹⁵⁰ Or: śī-k; śa-k O. A vowel diacritic, either -ā or -ī, is sufficiently clear as well as -k though it is different from that in l. 03 (sark); the rival -ï can be excluded.

¹⁵¹ sā not excluded.

¹⁵² + O.

¹⁵³ Or: t[ ] O.

¹⁵⁴ For possible alternative readings s. translit.

¹⁵⁵ Or: mga, bga.

¹⁵⁶ Ogihara reads uninterpreted lpo tt[ ] [?]k[ ].

¹⁵⁷ Or: čag, č/sag[ ], č/sak, č/sak[ ].

¹⁵⁸ Or: śīk.

¹⁵⁹ Or: sag?

¹⁶⁰ Or: t[ ] O.

¹⁶¹ The alternative readings, sımga°, sıbga°, are completely uninterpretable.

¹⁶² AtüGr 1974: § 233.

¹⁶³ DTB² 2013: 740.

¹⁶⁴ Ogihara's reading bögči and his attempt of interpretation can be discarded without discussion.

¹⁶⁵ For the productive suffix and its semantics s. GOT 2004: 110ff.

¹⁶⁶ Or ‘seller of cotton cloth’, ED 1972: 390a.

¹⁶⁷ DTB² 2013: 626.

¹⁶⁸ Thus Ogihara; DTB² 2013: 627 refers to parallel abstract wāpäütsune in TochA s. Ogihara 2010: 866.

¹⁶⁹ Cf. n. 173.

¹⁷⁰ ED 1972: 962 b provides evidence from non-Uygh. texts.

¹⁷¹ DTB² 2013: 733.

¹⁷² For an alternative see below.

¹⁷³ The chariot simile, belonging to the Saüyuktāgama, is attested in the Skt.-Uygh. bilingual TT VIII A 32–37, analysed by Waldschmidt 1955: 10ff. The parts of the brahmayāna ‘the best of the (wordly) cars’ are compared with the constituents of the dharmayāna ‘the car, or vehicle of doctrine’. Inter alia, the latter is described in l. 35f. as titikùā-varma-sannāho ‘whose coat of mail is endurance’, Uygh. särinmäklig yarık üzä yarıklanmıš ärür ‘it is armoured by the armour consisting of endurance’.

¹⁷⁴ On this development Peyrot 2008: 64–65, referred to by Ogihara.

¹⁷⁵ The formation is described by Ogihara as gerundive II (corr.: I) of spärtt- ‘to turn (itr.)’.

¹⁷⁶ Cf. <mo ñu-ï> in TTVIII G 59, remarkably also spelled with ñ.

¹⁷⁷ The derivation suffix was also recognized by Ogihara, but he could not interpret the basis word which he read taytıg.

¹⁷⁸ UW² 2010-2021: II.2: 46 (s.v. atsız); Wilkens 2021: 723b.

¹⁷⁹ ED 1972: 455b.

¹⁸⁰ Maue Glossen I 2009: 22f.

¹⁸¹ Cf. Krause 1952: 45, Schäfer 1997. “The suffix was rare in the archaic and classical language, but became productive in the late language”. Peyrot 2008: 96.

¹⁸² The word initial lyo reminds strongly of TochA lyom whose meaning ‘mud’ was determined by means of a Chinese parallel: ùpät koüsā lyomaü kälk (A 1 (= THT 634) b 1), 泥(ní)中行七日 (T 1509 XXV 151 c 14) ‘he (the Bodhisattva Sarvārthasiddha) went seven days in mud (泥)’, Sieg 1944: 4; Dschi 1943: 308.

¹⁸³ ED 1972: 261a.

¹⁸⁴ Wilkens 2021: 4.

¹⁸⁵ TEB I 1960: § 222.

¹⁸⁶ ED 1972: 941b.

¹⁸⁷ Or variants (s. transcr.). Ogihara reads küsäns[ ], without interpretation.

¹⁸⁸ ED 1972: 751b. For the suffix -(X)nčIg s. GOT 2004: 363ff.

¹⁸⁹ ED 1972: 467a

¹⁹⁰ ED 1972: 470b.

¹⁹¹ ED 1972: 804 s.v. 1 sı:k and 2 sık.

¹⁹² Hk I 1930: 122.

¹⁹³ Maue 2015: 59: no. 89 r3 with comm. and addendum.

¹⁹⁴ Or: ye.

¹⁹⁵ Or: mā O.

¹⁹⁶ Virāma dot lost.

¹⁹⁷ Misspelling for lkyā.

¹⁹⁸ mi O.

¹⁹⁹ [?]tk[?][ ] O.

²⁰⁰ Or: naü. śaü O.

²⁰¹ ka O. -r- seems to be sufficiently sensible.

²⁰² Or: ntsa.

²⁰³ Or: taü, thus O without alternative reading.

²⁰⁴ Thus O as alternative, in the text: n[ ][ ].

²⁰⁵ Without virāma dot.

²⁰⁶ t[?]o O.

²⁰⁷ Possibly p[ ] or ù[ ].

²⁰⁸ Or: naü. śaü O.

²⁰⁹ ED 1972: 935b; OTWF 1991: 345.

²¹⁰ AtüGr 1974: § 181.

²¹¹ BT XXIX 2011: 138 l. 504.

²¹² Mahlzahn 2010: 742f.

²¹³ ED 1972: 476b.

²¹⁴ Ex coni. kantsate from kānts- ‘to sharpen’.

²¹⁵ ED 1972: 535a.

²¹⁶ ED 1972: 846b. — sürt- seems to be less striking than the mere repetition of the preceding türtärlär.

²¹⁷ DTB² 2013: 737; or sānāp- Malzahn 2010: 934. Alternatively, kantanantär could be restored, s. 38 v06.

²¹⁸ S. Malzahn 2010. 934.

²¹⁹ Thus, Ogihara referring to Russ. натравлять which, however, means ‘to incite’. From the Russian verb it becomes apparent that his source was DTS 1969: 602. There is quoted a sentence from the DLT 1982: 306: olaŋ arıt tütürdi ‘he set the dog on him to catch him’. The non-Uygh. ἅπαξ λεγ. is highly problematic, cf. e.g. GOT 2004: 723, and just for that reason not suitable to throw light on another unclear context.

²²⁰ E.g. TT VII 1937: text 20 l. 7.

²²¹ E.g. BT XIII 1985: text 1 l. 74.

²²² DTB² 2013: 600.

²²³ Or: g[ ].

²²⁴ ⎡⎤: [?]p[ ] lyā lya O, does not represent the present state of the fragment.

²²⁵ -z O (misread).

²²⁶ Or: ca O.

²²⁷ Or: -m O. -s of the manuscript is not inclined, but more rounded than m should be.

²²⁸ ghu O (misread).

²²⁹ Or: pa O.

²³⁰ püšöz O.

²³¹ DTB² 2013: 177. The lemma kärsk- (practically unchanged reproduced from DTB¹ 1999: 167f.) is full of inaccuracies: instead of sumāna one should read (Skt.) sumanā or (TochB) sumān, on p. 762 correctly translated through ‘great flowering jasmine’ but provided with the wrong botanical name ‘Chrysanthemum indicum Linn.’ instead of ‘Jasminum grandiflorum L.’. Next is the word of unknown meaning, which Adams misspells as “Mālaõói” (against māladaõói of the ms.) in the first TochB quotation and as “Mālaõóika” in the translation of the second quotation from M-3a5/PK-AS-8Ca5 (not °8Ga5 with Adams), while the (perhaps) correct, but unattested form Skt. *māladaõóikā is found on p. 482. An even more serious shortcoming is the lack of an indication that the lemma form and the meaning of the verb which underlies kärùalya are disputed.

²³² OTWF 1991: 630.

²³³ Malzahn 2010: 582.

²³⁴ Filliozat 1948: 101 and 114.

²³⁵ Sieg 1955: 81; Krause 1952: 230. In DTB² 2013:171 it is ²kärk-, one of four homonym verbs.

²³⁶ https://www.univie.ac.at/tocharian/?m-pkas8c (Date of online publication: February 2014. Date of access: 2019–12–28.): a5 text and translation.

²³⁷ OTWF 1991: 623.

²³⁸ “generally written as YWL'N°” (OTWF 1991: 630) without the elsewhere usual palatal marker y.

²³⁹ No interpretation by Ogihara.

²⁴⁰ DTB² 2013: 194.

²⁴¹ DTB² 2013: 773.

²⁴² Ogihara identified the first and misread the second one.

²⁴³ ED 1972: 380b.

²⁴⁴ TochSprB I 1983: 133 n. 10. CEToM reproduces the spelling of the ms. without commentary.

²⁴⁵ OTWF 1991: 313.

²⁴⁶ Cf. DTB² 2013: 444.

²⁴⁷ For the formation cf. TEB I 1960: § 319, for the verb cf. DTB² 2013: 649.

²⁴⁸ Or: wpāü O; -p- would be the prima facie option; by comparison with the preceding l, however, -l- is well conceivable and certainly preferable because p should be attached to the end of w.

²⁴⁹ ⎡⎤: sya O; misreading.

²⁵⁰ The lost consonant being k, d, ó or r. Or else: u.

²⁵¹ No interpretations by Ogihara.

²⁵² DTB² 2013: 608.

²⁵³ DTB² 2013: 607.

²⁵⁴ GOT 2004: 674.

²⁵⁵ DTB² 2013: 189; Malzahn 2010: 596.

²⁵⁶ The fragment so designated by Ogihara is untraceable. The two akùara-s it contains are given below as line 18 according to Ogihara's reading.

²⁵⁷ Alternatively, ḻ after Ogihara; but the sign is written below the line which speaks against l.

²⁵⁸ Or: mp[i], mp[e].

²⁵⁹ Or: śke? The first bow of -ai is very faint but seems not to have been deleted.

²⁶⁰ Or: nā O.

²⁶¹ na O, which Ogihara interprets as correction of nā; that could also apply to ta (for tā) although it is not clear what was intended by such a correction since vowel quantity has no relevance in Uyghur. A substantial reading aid would be: “read t(a), not n(ā)”. But for this purpose, the two akùaras are not distinct enough. Or else ta (or na) was omitted somewhere and had to be inserted there.

²⁶² + O, with note: perhaps w[?][ ], w[?]i or l[?]. There can be little doubt about wsi, however.

²⁶³ Or: k̄×, with × = o or i. [?]tk̄[ ] O.

²⁶⁴ r[ ] O. The lower end of -ā is visible.

²⁶⁵ [?]k̄[ ] O.

²⁶⁶ ⎡ ⎡: a ru O.

²⁶⁷ Or: ×p[ ], + O.

²⁶⁸ Punctuation uncertain.

²⁶⁹ ra O.

²⁷⁰ Or: -v.

²⁷¹ Eligible vowel: a (inherent) or u.

²⁷² rt[?][ ] or rn[?][ ] O.

²⁷³ Most likely × = k or k̄.

²⁷⁴ ×o-ḻ: s[?]o-+ O.

²⁷⁵ pi O. What is visible apart from p does not seem to be part of an -I, but of a consonant.

²⁷⁶ The head of k is on the virtual writing line which would make only r an elegible superscript consonant.

²⁷⁷ a O. In principle, [ ]u would also be possible.

²⁷⁸ [?][ ]m[ ] O.

²⁷⁹ Or: na, but cf. the following note.

²⁸⁰ Or: ca. If da, possibly for disambiguation of the akùara ta, s. note 261; if ca, unknown function. Not mentioned by O.

²⁸¹ Or: ci. O conversely.

²⁸² Or: snā.

²⁸³ śśe O.

²⁸⁴ mo O. Additional -u is clearly visible.

²⁸⁵ ś[ ] O.

²⁸⁶ Most probably virāma stroke lost.

²⁸⁷ × = ù or p. ùe O.

²⁸⁸ [ ][?]o O.

²⁸⁹ Or: naü, [-]t, not ta (pace O.).

²⁹⁰ [ ][ ]i O.

²⁹¹ Possibly two lost akùaras as O supposes.

²⁹² s[?]i O.

²⁹³ Ogihara’s reading, s. introduction to this item.

²⁹⁴ Or: rk̄o, rk̄au.

²⁹⁵ Alternatively, ḻ after Ogihara; but it is written below the line.

²⁹⁶ Or: °śke?

²⁹⁷ Or: °w.

²⁹⁸ [?][ ]m[ ] O.

²⁹⁹ śśe O.

³⁰⁰ [ ][?]o O.

³⁰¹ Or: naü, [-]t, not ta (pace O.).

³⁰² Possibly two lost akùaras as O supposes.

³⁰³ s[?]i O.

³⁰⁴ Pulleyblank 1992: 303 and 420.

³⁰⁵ The fruit is also referred to by tülüg ärük ‘hairy stone fruit’, ED 1972: 222a.

³⁰⁶ DTB² 2013: I 21.

³⁰⁷ S. e.g. CDIAL 1966: no.1275.

³⁰⁸ GOT 2004: 428. — Ogihara's reading makes no sense.

³⁰⁹ Malzahn 2010: 753.

³¹⁰ Of course, also correctly seen by Ogihara.

³¹¹ Or: °w.

³¹² Ogihara erroneously 2nd. sing. which would be *kantanatar.

³¹³ ED 1972: 61b; UW² 2010–2021: I.1 8.

³¹⁴ ED 1972: 61b; UW² 2010–2021: I.1 8.

³¹⁵ The others are: eïkwaññe ‘male’ ← eïkwe ‘man’; eñc(u)waññe ‘iron-’ ← eñcuwo ‘iron’; täïwaññe ‘loveliness’ <täïkwalñye ← täïk-waññ- ‘to love’; taïkwaññe ← tankw ‘love’; enaiwaññe ‘?’.

³¹⁶ ED 1972: 439a.

³¹⁷ The word can hardly be separated from Pers. tufak, tupak, tufang ‘musket’ and cognates, s. TMEN 1965‒1975: II, no. 868. If Brockelmann's etymological derivation from Turkic *top ‘ball’ with diminutive suffix +ak was correct, the searched for back vocalism would even be original. However, Doerfer refuted Brockelmann with strong arguments (unexplained o > u in the first syllable; late attestation in Turkic; -f- unusual in Turkic). His own explanation by onomatopoesis is all but convincing.

³¹⁸ Or: na°.

³¹⁹ DTB² 2013: 351.

³²⁰ DTB² 2013: 298.

³²¹ DTB² 2013: 514. Mrāce is also attested in hendiadys with tarne in TT IX p. 12 l.25; the Uygh. translation is baš tüz töpö ‘Kopf-Scheitel’.

³²² Alternative čilap is senseless.

³²³ This meaning seems to prevail in the Buddhist language, cf. PED 1921–1925: 635b; SWTF 1994–2018: IV 132a vilapita- ‘dahergeredet’, while elsewhere vi-lap- usually means ‘to lament, wail’.

³²⁴ Cf. Maue 1996: 46 no. 64; Maue 2008: 162.

³²⁵ DTB² 2013: 139 s.v. aurttse.

³²⁶ ED 1972: 724b.

³²⁷ UW² 2010–2021: II.2 53 s.v. avaz; Knüppel 2002. The voiced sibilant was accepted there because of the consistent spelling with z. The word is of Indian origin and corresponding with Skt. āvāsa- ‘abode’ (UW¹ 2010: 299a s.v. ayaz); that it came to the Uygh. through TochA āwās ‘abode’ could have been known to Knüppel (through MaitrTochA 1998: p. 40 a3) and Röhrborn (also through DThTA 2009: 54a). /z/ is not contradicted by our ms., which uses <s> as phonetic variant before t or follows the TochA orthography. The meaning of the Uyghur word will be discussed below in the main text.

³²⁸ BHS-D 1953: 184b; SWTF 1994–2018: II 82a. As to the TochB ‘little hut’ s. Rosen 1959: 62f.

³²⁹ SWTF 1994–2018: II 101a.

³³⁰ Usually kākol©-, once kākoói- BowerMs 1893: II 33 § 128.

³³¹ According to Hoernle (BowerMs 1893: 259b), but the identity is not ascertained, cf. the following note.

³³² Beside kākoñi, Filliozat 1948: 112f. ‘Gymnema balsamicum’, thus also IMM 1954: I 596.

³³³ DThTA 2009: 165a.

³³⁴ Beside koñ, DTB² 2013: 215.

³³⁵ Ht III 2001: 240 and 243; Ht V 2015: 1870 and 1875. The passages were discussed in some detail by M. Knüppel (Knüppel 2002).

³³⁶ Remarkably they occur nowhere else in the biography.

³³⁷ In the beginning of the 11th chapter of the Saddharmapuõóarīka (T 262 IX 32b 19 = T 264 IX 167a 2) 龕室 is used instead. Interestingly the Sanskrit text (SPSkt (ed. K&N) 1908–1912: 239,3–4) reads toraõa-, which was understood by the Chinese translators, Kumārajīva as well as Jñānagupta and Dharmagupta, not in the original sense of ‘an arch, arched doorway, portal’, but of a niche which was shaped in form of a toraõa.

³³⁸ Not within a stūpa as said by Röhrborn, UW² 2010–2021: II.2 51.

³³⁹ For both s. DTB² 2013: 643f.

³⁴⁰ For more instances in Uygh. Brāhmī mss. s. Maue 1996: XXIV.

³⁴¹ U II 1911: 77, l. 26.

³⁴² Bang & von Gabain 1931: 500b.

³⁴³ Final version in SVK 1982–1997: II 139f.

³⁴⁴ [ ][?]o O.

³⁴⁵ Or: naü.

³⁴⁶ Or: [-]ù.

³⁴⁷ Or: ùwa. ùt[u].

³⁴⁸ Or: n[ ].

^[349] Pchelin & Raschmann 2016: 26.

³⁵⁰ Or: tau. Seems to be crossed out.

³⁵¹ -n t- from -m # t- according to the older sandhi rule, cf AiGr 1957–1975: I § 283b.

³⁵² Or unfinished ya.

³⁵³ Or: ttu, wrong for: ktu.

³⁵⁴ Wrong for: ti.

³⁵⁵ Or: ta.

³⁵⁶ Or: tā.

³⁵⁷ Or: na.

³⁵⁸ The reason why b^hi is repeated is unclear.

³⁵⁹ Dittographical k̄ā ya ⦅ya⦆ has been crossed out.

³⁶⁰ Instead of -m; the lacking virāma stroke makes an anusvāra out of the virāma dot.

³⁶¹ S. previous note.

³⁶² Wrong for similar: ùyā.

³⁶³ Wrong for: ve.

³⁶⁴ Wrong for: tyā.

³⁶⁵ Wrong for: te.

³⁶⁶ Wrong for: ve.

³⁶⁷ Corrected from: dra.

³⁶⁸ The akùara ya has been crossed out. While going to write puõya the scribe might have thought the Uygh. equivalent buyan.

³⁶⁹ Instead of: -m; s. above fn. 360.

³⁷⁰ Wrong for: ke.

³⁷¹ The lost part of the line contained pāda a and b of str. 10 which must have been closely written.

³⁷² Wrong for: g^hāü (lacking anusvāra).

³⁷³ Or: ta.

³⁷⁴ Or: tā.

³⁷⁵ Or: na.

³⁷⁶ † ... † not consistently understandable. After the previous strophe, the last one of the Nirupamastava, the colophon would be expected, cf. l. 24.

³⁷⁷ The reading of the ms points to metrically abnormal santīha (santi + iha).

³⁷⁸ °m ms.

³⁷⁹ The lost part of the line contained pāda a and b of str. 10 which must have been closely written.

³⁸⁰ Shackleton Bailey 1951: 64; 28–42.

³⁸¹ Our ms reads °panikùipya which makes pāda c with nine syllables hypermetrical.

³⁸² Instead of the colophon the ms has a line which is not understood or identified.

³⁸³ Lines 25–32 are incomplete in the ms. The passages attested there are marked in bold.

³⁸⁴ The colophon of the ms is different: ‘in the Buddhastotra consisting of 150 (strophes) [the first] section [named] Upodghātastava (‘introduction’)’. Cf. the colophon of Prasādapratibhodbhava (chapter 9) in SHT 519r5 (= idp SHT 519/4): 9 || varõārhavarõe buddhastotre harùas[ta]vo nāma navama<þ> pariccheda<þ> ||.

³⁸⁵ The ms reads with Shackleton Bailey's ψ (s. his ed. p. IX) abhya[vapannaü].

³⁸⁶ Maximal capacity of the lacuna is two akùaras, but it is unclear whether anything was written there.

³⁸⁷ Or: ni.

³⁸⁸ Unusual form of -ā.

³⁸⁹ The function of the final hook is unclear, marker of vowel length, lē?

³⁹⁰ Or: vok̄. The usual reading would be ck̄o or vk̄o; but v 06a points into the other direction.

³⁹¹ Or perhaps: Ācāryapāla?

³⁹² Seemingly a hybrid compound of the vernacular pr. n. Balačok and das << Skt. dāsa- ‘slave’.

³⁹³ As pr.n. cf. SUK 1993: II 246b; cf. next note.

³⁹⁴ As pr.n. cf. SUK 1993: II 275a. We owe thanks to P. Zieme who refrained us from interpreting basa and kaymıš literally and pointed to Cleaves 1977: 70, where a certain Basa(r) Kaymıš (八撤海迷失) occurs in a Chin. text.

³⁹⁵ Perhaps also proper names, but the analysis is unclear.

³⁹⁶ The final sign of siddham is unusually formed. Usually an anunāsika-like diacritic (ঁ) is placed above the -m; the diacritic has — according to Roth 1986: 242 (cf. signs 36 and 37) — developed and transformed from virāma dot into a maïgala symbol. Here the diacritic has the form of a circle with a central dot placed under the -m and connected with <dd^ha> by a small line as if in virāma position. The circle with a central dot reminds one of being a part of the old maïgala symbol “ma” found in inscriptions, for which cf. also Roth 1986: 241 (sign 22) and 247 (sign 51). In an unpublished article (Die Maïgala-Silbe tha in Verbindung mit atha khalu: Festgruß an Karl Hoffmann zur Vollendung seines achtzigsten Lebensjahres am 26. Februar 1995. Lenglern 17.10.1994) Gustav Roth mentions G. Bühler (Indische Palaeographie, Strassburg 1896: 85), who views the akùara tha — a circle with a central dot — in pre-Christian Brāhmī inscriptions as origin of the tha-symbol in later manuscripts. Bühler writes “In späterer Zeit kommen gleichfalls bisweilen im Texte, nach grösseren Abschnitten und öfter am Ende von Documenten, Symbole vor, die meist sehr abgeschliffene Formen haben. Das gewöhnlichste besteht aus einem grossen Kreise mit einem kleineren, oder auch mit mehreren Puncten in der Mitte. Diese kann entweder aus dem Dharmacakra entstanden sein, der sich noch vor CII, 3. Nr, 63, deutlich findet, oder aus dem Lotus, der auch vorkommt. Da der Kreis mit einem Puncte ⊙ dem alten tha entspricht, so werden andere, späteren tha ähnliche, oder gleiche Zeichen dafür gebraucht und in den modernen MSS. erscheint schliesslich das dem tha sehr ähnliche cha”.

³⁹⁷ u, ū erroneously left out.

³⁹⁸ Missing or lost anusvāra above si leads to a n. pr. of Indian origin.

³⁹⁹ TochB loanword käùùī ‘teacher, master’ (DTB² 2013: 187), pace Adams (l. c.) attested in Brāhmī (kaùùi Maue 2015: 170r1) and Uyghur script (e.g. MaitrUigT 1980: Index 58a s.v. kš'y, kšy).

⁴⁰⁰ Or part of the name.

⁴⁰¹ Either Äsän (as part of proper names, cf. UW² 2010-2021: II.2 294) without marked front vocalism or an incomplete word.

⁴⁰² With incorrect -i, or ymā with wrong -ā.

⁴⁰³ Unclear akùara, perhaps incorrect ma.

⁴⁰⁴ Perhaps deleted ra.

⁴⁰⁵ Or: va.

⁴⁰⁶ The function of the final hook is unclear, marker of vowel length, lē?

⁴⁰⁷ Or unmarked spelling for °z.

⁴⁰⁸ The ms reads rather b(i)tip, but certainly error for bittim ‘I have written’.

⁴⁰⁹ The following text is full of errors and needs l. 06a to be understood.

⁴¹⁰ Bačak and Kaya are used in proper names (e.g. SUK 1993: II 245a and 274b), perhaps spelled here in one; or else bačakaya stands for the diminutivum Bačakkya.

⁴¹¹ From v 06a it seems that the -a of ha is erroneous. It would be tempting to take mileg as spelling of 彌勒 mílè, LMC mjil¯¯̆k ‘Maitreya’ with preserved final velar or rather accusative suffix -Xg.

⁴¹² Or: śila, while the caret would point to < vЁnde> intended, however, not executed.

⁴¹³ Unclear sign.

⁴¹⁴ Rather an abbreviation (for šila cf. Moriyasu 2019: 229a) than an uncorrected mistake.

⁴¹⁵ Or: cō?

⁴¹⁶ Without dot above.

⁴¹⁷ Without dot above.

⁴¹⁸ Or: va.

⁴¹⁹ Erroneous virāma stroke.

⁴²⁰ <da, tā> dittography for /da/. The name consists of Balačok and -das << Skt. dāsa- ‘slave’.

⁴²¹ SI 6378/12 ∞ SI 2996/1 (B/120-1)

⁴²² SI 6378/12 ∞ SI 2996/1 (B/120-1)

⁴²³ Or T 1509 XXV 735a18–23 (with var.).

⁴²⁴ Or T 264 IX 191a2–5.

⁴²⁵ Or T 262 IX 56a8–11.

⁴²⁶ Or: T 375 XII 808c2–5.

⁴²⁷ Or: T 374 XII 562a28–b1.

⁴²⁸ Or: T 223 VIII 18a8–12.

⁴²⁹ Or: T1563 XXIX 788a11–12.

⁴³⁰ Or: T 1562 XXIX 349b17–18.

⁴³¹ The order is that of the Latin alphabet without regard to diacritics.

⁴³² Or: niùñhāü gatāþ.

⁴³³ Or: °śke?

⁴³⁴ Or: °śke?

⁴³⁵ DTB² 2013: 275.

⁴³⁶ Or: leáke/iñ.

⁴³⁷ Or: leáke/iñ.

⁴³⁸ Or: tawasa.

⁴³⁹ Or: tawasa.

⁴⁴⁰ Or: śīk.

⁴⁴¹ Or: śīk.

⁴⁴² Or: nawasa.

⁴⁴³ Or: nawasa.

⁴⁴⁴ Or: Vajragarbh.

⁴⁴⁵ Or: [va]jr[a]garbh.

⁴⁴⁶ Or: nā × m.

⁴⁴⁷ Or: nā × m.

⁴⁴⁸ Or: śpālmeü.

⁴⁴⁹ Or: śpālmeü.

⁴⁵⁰ Or: Candragarbh.

⁴⁵¹ Or: [ca]ndr[a]garbh.