Course of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in patients vaccinated against COVID-19

Maryana A. Lysenko; Лысенко Марьяна Анатольевна; Natalia G. Poteshkina; Потешкина Наталия Георгиевна; Aishat M. Ibragimova; Ибрагимова Айшат Магомедсайгитовна; Natalya S. Krylova; Крылова Наталья Сергеевна; Elena A. Kovalevskaya; Ковалевская Елена Анатольевна; Anton A. Karasev; Карасев Антон Андреевич; Anna M. Svanadze; Сванадзе Анна Мурадовна

doi:10.18565/therapy.2023.2.31–37

Course of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in patients vaccinated against COVID-19

Authors: Lysenko M.A.¹^,2, Poteshkina N.G.¹^,2, Ibragimova A.M.¹^,2, Krylova N.S.¹^,2, Kovalevskaya E.A.¹^,2, Karasev A.A.¹^,2, Svanadze A.M.¹^,2
Affiliations:
1. N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia
2. City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Department of Healthcare of Moscow
Issue: Vol 9, No 2 (2023)
Pages: 31-37
Section: ORIGINAL STUDIES
URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/article/view/430419
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2023.2.31–37
ID: 430419

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Abstract

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has shown high efficiency in reducing the rate of hospitalization and mortality rate of patients.

The aim of the study was a complex estimation of the course of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in patients vaccinated against COVID-19.

Material and methods. 220 patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia were examined. The main group (I) consisted of patients vaccinated against COVID-19 (n=110, including 57 male persons, mean age 64,6±12,0 years), the comparison group (II) consisted of not vaccinated against COVID-19 patients (n=110, including 56 male persons, mean age 64,8±12,8 years). Estimation of clinical, laboratory and instrumental data of patients in both groups was carried out twice: on the 10±3rd day (groups I₁₀, II₁₀) and on the 17±3rd day from the onset of symptoms (groups I₁₇, II₁₇).

Results. On the 10±3rd day from the onset of symptoms, vaccinated patients were characterized by a milder clinical status, as was proved by significant differences in the scores of the SHOX-COVID scale (4 [4; 6] in group I₁₀ vs 5 [4; 7] in II₁₀, p=0,042) and SpO₂ (95±3% in I₁₀ vs 94±3% in II₁₀, p=0.037). When assessing laboratory data in the group of vaccinated patients, the level of lymphocytes was higher (1,2±0,8 × 10⁹/l versus 0,9±0,4 × 10⁹/l, p=0,004), the level of LDH was lower (284,5±103,9 U/L vs 321,6±121,1 U/L, p=0,016) and AST (30,9 [24,2–41,1] U/L vs 38,2 [29,2–50,9] U/L, p=0,002). When comparing the volume of pulmonary parenchyma damage, there were no significant differences between the groups: 1 [1; 2] in I₁₀ vs 2 [1; 2] in II₁₀, p=0,317. On the 17±3rd day from the onset of symptoms, there was a difference between the groups in SpO₂ level: 97 [96; 98] % vs 96 [95; 98] %, p=0,003. When comparing the dynamics of laboratory parameters, in group I, a higher level of lymphocytes remained (1,3 [0,8; 1,9] × 10⁹/l in I₁₇ vs 1,0 [0,7; 1,5] × 10⁹/l in II₁₇, p=0,009). The stage of pneumonia according to MSCT of thoracic region was significantly lower in group I, in contrast to group II: 1 [1; 2] versus 2 [1; 2], p=0,024,

Conclusion. In fully vaccinated against COVID-19 patients, the course of COVID-19-associated pneumonia was characterized by less severe clinical manifestations, the absence of lymphopenia and, in dynamics, a smaller amount of pulmonary parenchyma damage.

Keywords

COVID-19, COVID-19-associated pneumonia, vaccination against COVID-19, clinical course of pneumonia