Pulmonary complications of liver cirrhosis

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Ашық рұқсат Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат берілді
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат ақылы немесе тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

Extrahepatic complications of liver cirrhosis (LC) are beyond the manifestations of liver failure and understanding of direct classical complications of portal hypertension. Lung damage was one of the first described LC-associated diseases. However, over the years, interest in pulmonary complications of liver diseases has faded, in contrast to other manifestations of LC decompensation. Despite the fact that hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension and hepatic hydrothorax affect up to 10–15% of patients with progressive liver diseases and have proven prognostic value, doctors often make mistakes in diagnosing these complications and choosing treatment tactics for these conditions. This may lead to their delayed referral to specialized centers, increased mortality, and decreased chances for successful liver transplantation. The aim of the article: to increase awareness of physicians concerning pulmonary complications of chronic liver diseases by providing a brief overview of each of these complications.

Толық мәтін

Рұқсат жабық

Авторлар туралы

Zhanna Kobalava

RUDN University

Email: zkobalava@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5873-1768
SPIN-код: 9828-5409
Scopus Author ID: 7004399203

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Head of the Academician Moiseev Department of Internal Medicine with a Course in Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics of the Medical Institute

Ресей, 6, Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow, 117198

Anastasia Tsymbal

RUDN University

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: a_tsymbal@internet.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5132-2550

MD, Postgraduate Student, Laboratory Assistant Researcher of the Academician Moiseev Department of Internal Medicine with a Course in Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics of the Medical Institute

Ресей, 6, Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow, 117198

Olga Arisheva

RUDN University

Email: olga.arisheva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3569-4597
SPIN-код: 7556-0455
Scopus Author ID: 56194037200

MD, PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Academician Moiseev Department of Internal Medicine with a Course in Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics of the Medical Institute

Ресей, 6, Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow, 117198

Әдебиет тізімі

  1. D’Amico G, Morabito A, D’Amico M, Pasta L, Malizia G, Rebora P, Valsecchi MG. New concepts on the clinical course and stratification of compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Hepatol Int. 2018;12 (Suppl 1):34–43. PMID: 28681347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-017-9808-z
  2. Rodríguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ, Hervé P, Fallon MB; ERS Task Force Pulmonary-Hepatic Vascular Disorders (PHD) Scientific Committee. Pulmonary-hepatic vascular disorders (PHD). Eur Respir J. 2004;24(5):861–80. PMID: 15516683. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.04.00010904
  3. Rodríguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ. Hepatopulmonary syndrome – a liver-induced lung vascular disorder. New Eng J Med. 2008;358(22):2378–87. PMID: 18509123. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0707185
  4. [Fluckinger M. Vorkommen von trommelschlagelformigen finger-endphalangen ohne chronische veriinderungen an den lungen oder am herzen. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1884;49:1457–58 (In German)].
  5. Kennedy TC, Knudson RJ. Exercise-aggravated hypoxemia and orthodeoxia in cirrhosis. Chest. 1977;72(2):305–9. PMID: 891282. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.72.3.305
  6. Krowka MJ, Porayko MK, Plevak DJ, Pappas SC, Steers JL, Krom RA, Wiesner RH. Hepatopulmonary syndrome with progressive hypoxemia as an indication for liver transplantation: Case reports and literature review. Mayo Clin Proc. 1997;72(1):44–53. PMID: 9005286. https://doi.org/10.4065/72.1.44
  7. Goldberg DS, Krok K, Batra S, Trotter JF, Kawut SM, Fallon MB. Impact of the hepatopulmonary syndrome MELD exception policy on outcomes of patients after liver transplantation: An analysis of the UNOS database. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(5):1256–65.e1. PMID: 24412528. PMCID: PMC3992191. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.005
  8. Raevens S, Rogiers X, Geerts A, Verhelst X, Samuel U, van Rosmalen M et al. Outcome of liver transplantation for hepatopulmonary syndrome: A Eurotransplant experience. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(2):1801096. PMID: 30487203. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01096-2018
  9. Krowka MJ, Fallon MB, Kawut SM, Fuhrmann V, Heimbach JK, Ramsay MAE et al. International liver transplant society practice guidelines: Diagnosis and management of hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension. Transplantation. 2016;100(7):1440–52. PMID: 27326810. https://doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000001229
  10. Cartin-Ceba R, Krowka MJ. Pulmonary complications of portal hypertension. Clin Liver Dis. 2019;23(4):683–711. PMID: 31563218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2019.06.003
  11. Riegler JL, Lang KA, Johnson SP, Westerman JH. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt improves oxygenation in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology. 1995;109(3):978–83. PMID: 7657128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)90409-3
  12. Corley DA, Scharshmidt B, Bass N, Somberg K, Gold W. Lack of efficacy of TIPS for hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology. 1997;113(2):728–30. PMID: 9247498. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.1997.v113.agast971130728
  13. Porres-Aguilar M, Altamirano JT, Torre-Delgadillo A, Charlton MR, Duarte-Rojo A. Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome: A clinician-oriented overview. Eur Respir Rev. 2012;21(125):223–33. PMID: 22941887. PMCID: PMC9487331. https://doi.org/10.1183/09059180.00007211
  14. Lv Y, Fan D. Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2015;60(7):1914–23. PMID: 25732713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-015-3593-0
  15. Fallon MB, Krowka MJ, Brown RS, Trotter JF, Zacks S, Roberts KE et al; Pulmonary Vascular Complications of Liver Disease Study Group. Impact of hepatopulmonary syndrome on quality of life and survival in liver transplant candidates. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(4):1168–75. PMID: 18644373. PMCID: PMC2824882. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2008.06.038
  16. Bommena S, Gerkin RD, Agarwal S, Raevens S, Glassberg MK, Fallon MB. Diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome in a large integrated health system. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(11):2370–78. PMID: 33007510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.050
  17. Forde KA, Fallon MB, Krowka MJ, Sprys M, Goldberg DS, Krok KL et al.; Pulmonary Vascular Complications of Liver Disease 2 Study Group. Pulse oximetry is insensitive for detection of hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients evaluated for liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2019;69(1):270–81. PMID: 30070715. PMCID: PMC6652183. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30139
  18. Raevens S, Colle I, Reyntjens K, Geerts A, Berrevoet F, Rogiers X et al. Echocardiography for the detection of portopulmonary hypertension in liver transplant candidates: An analysis of cutoff values. Liver Transpl. 2013;19(6):602–10. PMID: 23584902. https://doi.org/10.1002/Lt.23649
  19. Krowka MJ. Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: The pulmonary vascular enigmas of liver disease. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2020;15(Suppl 1):S13–S24. PMID: 32140210. PMCID: PMC7050952. https://doi.org/10.1002/cld.846
  20. Hadengue A, Benhayoun MK, Lebrec D, Benhamou JP. Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension: Prevalence and relation to splanchnic hemodynamics. Gastroenterology. 1991;100(2):520–28. PMID: 1985048. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(91)90225-a
  21. Ramsay MA, Simpson BR, Nguyen AT, Ramsay KJ, East C, Klintmalm GB. Severe pulmonary hypertension in liver transplant candidates. Liver Transplant Surg. 1997;3(5):494–500. PMID: 9346791. https://doi.org/10.1002/Lt.500030503
  22. Swanson KL, Wiesner RH, Krowka MJ. Natural history of hepatopulmonary syndrome: Impact of liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2005;41(5):1122–29. PMID: 15828054. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20658
  23. Krowka MJ, Miller DP, Barst RJ, Taichman D, Dweik RA, Badesch DB, McGoon MD. Portopulmonary hypertension: A report from the US-based REVEAL Registry. Chest. 2012;141(4):906–15. PMID: 21778257. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-0160
  24. Savale L, Guimas M, Ebstein N, Fertin M, Jevnikar M, Renard S et al. Portopulmonary hypertension in the current era of pulmonary hypertension management. J Hepatol. 2020;73(1):130–39. PMID: 32145258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.021
  25. Sitbon O, Bosch J, Cottreel E, Csonka D, de Groote P, Hoeper MM et al. Macitentan for the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension (PORTICO): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled, phase 4 trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(7):594–604. PMID: 31178422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30091-8
  26. Benza RL, Gomberg-Maitland M, Elliott CG, Farber HW, Foreman AJ, Frost AE et al. Predicting survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: The REVEAL risk score calculator 2.0 and comparison with ESC/ERS-based risk assessment strategies. Chest. 2019;156(2):323–37. PMID: 30772387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.004
  27. Salvador LM, Loaiza CAQ, Padial LR, Barberá JA, López-Meseguer M, López-Reyes R et al.; REHAP Investigators. Portopulmonary hypertension: prognosis and management in the current treatment era – results from the REHAP registry. Intern Med J. 2021;51(3):355–65. PMID: 31943676. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14751
  28. Banini BA, Alwatari Y, Stovall M, Ogden N, Gershman E, Shah RD et al. Multidisciplinary management of hepatic hydrothorax in 2020: An evidence-based review and guidance. Hepatology. 2020;72(5):1851–63. PMID: 32585037. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31434
  29. Morrow CS, Kantor M, Armen RN. Hepatic hydrothorax. Ann Intern Med. 1958;49(1):193–203. PMID: 13545745. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-49-1-193
  30. Lv Y, Han G, Fan D. Hepatic hydrothorax. Ann Hepatol. 2018;17(1):33–46. PMID: 29311408. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7533
  31. O’Leary JG, Reddy KR, Tandon P, Biggins SW, Wong F, Kamath PS et al. Increased risk of ACLF and inpatient mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and hepatic hydrothorax. Dig Dis Sci. 2021;66(10):3612–18. PMID: 33185787. PMCID: PMC11034783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06677-6
  32. Garbuzenko DV, Arefyev NO. Hepatic hydrothorax: An update and review of the literature. World J Hepatol. 2017;9:1197–1204. PMID: 29152039. PMCID: PMC5680207. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v9.i31.1197
  33. Gurung P, Goldblatt M, Huggins JT, Doelken P, Nietert PJ, Sahn SA. Pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic characteristics of hepatic hydrothorax. Chest. 2011;140(2):448–53. PMID: 21273292. PMCID: PMC3148794. https://doi.org/.1378/chest.10-2134
  34. Singh A, Bajwa A, Shujaat A. Evidence-based review of the management of hepatic hydrothorax. Respiration. 2013;86(2):155–73. PMID: 23571767. https://doi.org/10.1159/000346996
  35. Covington MF, Choudhary G, Avery RJ, Kuo PH. Pitfalls in the performance and interpretation of scintigraphic imaging for pleuroperitoneal shunt. Clin Nucl Med. 2016;41(11):858–61. PMID: 27488430. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0000000000001326
  36. Helmy N, Akl Y, Kaddah S, El Hafiz HA, El Makhzangy H. A case series: Egyptian experience in using chemical pleurodesis as an alternative management in refractory hepatic hydrothorax. Arch Med Sci. 2010;6(3):336–42. PMID: 2231768. PMCID: PMC3282509. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.14252
  37. Ferrante D, Arguedas MR, Cerfolio RJ, Collins BG, van Leeuwen DJ. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with talc pleurodesis in the management of symptomatic hepatic hydrothorax. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(12):3172–75. PMID: 12492206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.07126.x
  38. Lee WJ, Kim HJ, Park JH, Park DI, Cho YK, Sohn CI et al. Chemical pleurodesis for the management of refractory hepatic hydrothorax in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Korean J Hepatol. 2011;17(4):292–98. PMID: 22310793. PMCID: PMC3304667. https://doi.org/10.3350/kjhep.2011.17.4.292
  39. Siegerstetter V, Deibert P, Ochs A, Olschewski M, Blum HE, Rössle M. Treatment of refractory hepatic hydrothorax with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Long-term results in 40 patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;13(5):529–34. PMID: 11396532. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200105000-00011
  40. Gordon FD, Anastopoulos HT, Crenshaw W, Gilchrist B, McEniff N, Falchuk KR et al. The successful treatment of symptomatic, refractory hepatic hydrothorax with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Hepatology. 1997;25(6):1366–69. PMID: 9185754. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510250611
  41. Jeffries MA, Kazanjian S, Wilson M, Punch J, Fontana RJ. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and liver transplantation in patients with refractory hepatic hydrothorax. Liver Transpl Surg. 1998;4(5):416–23. PMID: 9724480. https://doi.org/10.1002/Lt.500040506
  42. Chalasani N, Clark WS, Martin LG, Kamean J, Khan MA, Patel NH, Boyer TD. Determinants of mortality in patients with advanced cirrhosis after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting. Gastroenterology. 2000;118(1):138–44. PMID: 10611162. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(00)70422-7
  43. Dhanasekaran R, West JK, Gonzales PC, Subramanian R, Parekh S, Spivey JR. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for symptomatic refractory hepatic hydrothorax in patients with cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(3):635–41. PMID: 19904245. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.634
  44. Spencer EB, Cohen DT, Darcy MD. Safety and efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation for the treatment of hepatic hydrothorax. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(4):385–90. PMID: 11932369. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61741-2
  45. Xiol X, Tremosa G, Castellote J, Gornals J, Lama C, Lopez C, Figueras J. Liver transplantation in patients with hepatic hydrothorax. Transpl Int. 2005;18(6):672–75. PMID: 15910292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2005.00116.x
  46. Serste T, Moreno C, Francoz C, Razek WA, Paugham C, Belghitti J et al. The impact of preoperative hepatic hydrothorax on the outcome of adult liver transplantation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;22(2):207–12. PMID: 19779352. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283311140
  47. Abbasi A, Bhutto AR, Alam MT, Aurangzaib M, Masroor M. Frequency of hepatic hydrothorax and its association with Child Pugh class in liver cirrhosis patients. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016;26(7):566–69. PMID: 27504545.
  48. Deleuran T, Watson H, Vilstrup H, Jepsen P. Risk factors for hepatic hydrothorax in cirrhosis patients with ascites – a clinical cohort study. Dig Dis Sci. 2022;67(7):3395–3401. PMID: 34191185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-021-07134-8
  49. Matei D, Craciun R, Crisan D, Procopet B, Mocan T, Pasca S et al. Hepatic hydrothorax an independent decompensating event associated with long-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(16):3688. PMID: 34441984. PMCID: PMC8396982. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163688
  50. Hung T-H, Tseng C-W, Tsai C-C, Tsai C-C, Tseng K-C, Hsieh Y-H. The long-term outcomes of cirrhotic patients with pleural effusion. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(1):46–51. PMID: 29451184. PMCID: PMC5848324. https://doi.org/10.4103/sjg.SJG_336_17

Қосымша файлдар

Қосымша файлдар
Әрекет
1. JATS XML
Жүктеу

© Bionika Media, 2025