The influence of herbicide systems and methods of basic tillage on grain productivity of peas in the conditions of the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria

The research was carried out in order to assess the impact of basic tillage and herbicides on weeds and grain yields of the Kadet pea variety. The work was carried out in 2016–2018 in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The soil of the experimental site is Precaucasian carbonate chernozem of heavy loamy granulometric composition. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: the method of basic tillage (factor A) ‒ dump plowing of PLN-4-35 to a depth of 25…28 cm; non-shaft flat-cutting treatment of CNG-2.2 by 25…28 cm; non-shaft chisel treatment of ACP-2.5 with chisel paws by 16…18 cm; herbicides (factor B) ‒ without herbicides; Tristar, CS 2.5 l/ha, applied to the surface layer of the soil before germination for «blind» harrowing; Garnison, VR 2.0 l/ ha (processing of crops in the phase of 3…5 leaves of culture); Tristar, CS 2.0 l/ha + Garnison, VR 2.0 l/ha. The maximum death of weeds in the experiment was recorded on 28…30 days after chemical treatment of crops in the Tristar application variant, soil action COP at a dose of 2.0 l/ha against the background of dump plowing (81.2 %). The use of herbicides Garnison, VR and Tristar, CS 2.0 l/ha was the most effective when used in combination, regardless of the methods of basic tillage (75…79 % of weed death). Reducing the contamination of crops by the end of the growing season contributed to an increase in the yield of pea grain from 2.2…2.6 to 2.4…2.9 t/ha. The largest increase in the experiment in the amount of 0.5 and 0.6 t/ha was noted when using Tristar CS herbicides, 2.0 l /ha in combination with the introduction of Garnison, VR in the same dosage, but for vegetative plants.