Reconstructions of paleofires in the Upper Don Basin in the Late Holocene

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Reconstruction of the fire frequency in the area of the Kulikovo Battlefield Museum Reserve (Upper Don Basin, Central Russian Upland) over the last 4000 years was carried out on the basis of macrocharcoal analysis (study of macroscopic charcoal particles with a linear size greater than 100 μm) of the peat core from the Podkosmovsky bog, which received the status of a specially protected natural area in 2013. The results of macroscopic charcoal analysis were compared with published quantitative reconstructions of forest cover and vegetation dynamics in the region, palynological data and archaeological material. The results of the study showed low fire activity in the area of the Kulikovo Battlefield between 4000 and 1500 cal (calibrated) years BP. According to the results of pollen analysis, the study area belonged to the forest-steppe vegetation zone during this period. The mosaic of plant cover included patches of deciduous pine forests, floodplain alder forests and grassland steppes on dry slopes. The forest cover of the area was 30–40% and reached 45% at about 2700 cal years BP, when the climate cooled and humidity increased. From 1500 cal years BP, the rate of charcoal accumulation in the peat deposit of the Podkosmosky bog gradually increased. The highest frequency of forest fires and the highest charcoal accumulation rates in peat were found for the period 900–300 cal years BP. The relationship between the periods of increased charcoal influx and climatic changes in the Late Holocene has not been established, but there is a clear correspondence between the interval of increased charcoal accumulation in peat and the stages of human activity in the region, confirmed by numerous archaeological finds. The decrease in forest cover in the study area to 15–20% over the same period and the abundance of anthropogenic pollen indicators in the pollen assemblages indicate an increase in human impact on the vegetation.

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Sobre autores

D. Kupriyanov

Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: convallaria@mail.ru

Laboratory of Contextual Anthropology

Rússia, Moscow

E. Volkova

Tula State University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: convallaria@mail.ru

Department of Biology

Rússia, Tula

V. Mironov

Tula State University

Email: convallaria@mail.ru

Department of Biology

Rússia, Tula

O. Leonova

Tula State University

Email: convallaria@mail.ru

Department of Biology

Rússia, Tula

А. Chepurnaya

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: convallaria@mail.ru

Department of Physical Geography and Landscape Science, Faculty of Geography

Rússia, Moscow

Е. Novenko

Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences; HSE University

Email: lenanov@mail.ru

Department of Quaternary Paleogeography, Faculty of Geography and Geoinformation Technologies

Rússia, Moscow; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Geographical position of the study area: 1 – position of the study area, 2 – position of the drilling poin

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3. Fig. 2. Botanical composition of the peat of the Podkosmovo swamp and the ratio of peat columns selected in 2009 and 2019: a – peat (types of peat: 1 – sedge, 2 – wood-sedge, 3 – wood-herbaceous, 4 – grass, 5 – wood ), b – clay.

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4. Fig. 3. Model of vertical peat growth in the Podkosmovo swamp.

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5. Fig. 4. Results of studying macroscopic coal particles in the peat of the Polkosmovo swamp: (a) concentration of coal macroparticles, (b) accumulation rate of coal macroparticles (1 – interpolated values of coal accumulation rates, 2 – threshold values, 3 – background values, 4 – local fire episodes ), (c) fire interval.

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6. Fig. 5. Comparison of the results of the analysis of macroscopic coal particles in the peat of the Podkosmovo bog with the results of palynological analysis previously obtained for this bog (Novenko and Volkova, 2015) and the reconstruction of forest cover (Novenko, 2017).

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