Some Geographical Paradoxes of the Post-Industrial World

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Аннотация

Paradoxes refer to the contradictions, real or supposed oddities and anomalies of post-industrial development, and its analysis at various geographical scales, from global to local. Apart from two paradoxes related to the looseness of the term itself, four more are examined, namely: (1) resources flow into activities, countries and regions with labor productivity that remains the same or drops and does not increase, like it did under industrialization; (2) the today’s world of knowledge and modernization is replete with false news, innovations, and sometimes shocking relapses of mass ignorance; (3) information is mobile and ubiquitous, while information and business actors settle selectively, in few countries, normally in large cities and their clusters; (4) areas requiring external assistance may be post-industrial “involuntarily” for the weakness of other economic sectors and development models. The article does not address all the post-industrial paradoxes observed at the global level and within countries. The judgment on their nature and its assessment depends on the level (scale). Paradoxes often just seem so, since they may have quite rational and explicable reasons. In addition, it can be difficult to separate post-industrial shifts and problems from their companions: globalization and deglobalization, the growth of human mobility, knowledge, technology and its barriers, urbanization and counter-urbanization, etc. This complicates the study of post-industrial phenomena as such and partly creates the identified paradoxes, but at the same time does not cancel the tasks of their scientific study.

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Авторлар туралы

A. Treivish

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: trene12@yandex.ru
Ресей, Moscow

Әдебиет тізімі

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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Russian geostatistical profile of gross value added by groups of districts and industries, 2021, trillion rubles. Industries: 1 - agrarian and related; 2 - industrial, including construction; 3 - trade, transportation and consumer services; 4 - information and business services. South - Central Black Earth Region, North Caucasus and Crimea; Volga Region - Volga Region and Volgo-Vyatsky District; Siberia, including Tyumen Region; Far East, including Transbaikalia.

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3. Fig. 2. Two paths of shifts in the macrostructure of the employed population of selected countries. 1 - agrarian sectors, 2 - industry and construction, 3 - other sectors (services).

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4. Fig. 3. Dynamics of China's GDP (a) (annualized growth) and the contribution of the primary (1), secondary (2) and tertiary sectors with construction (3) in 1985-2002, %.

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5. Fig. 4. Americans' opinions about the shape of the Earth according to the 2018 YouGov poll.

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6. Fig. 5. Researchers in science-leading countries, 2000 and 2021 (ranked by number for 2021).

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7. Fig. 6. Nobel laureate scientists by country in the world in 1901-1939 and 1991-2022: (a) number of laureates associated with a country (in 2021 boundaries); (b) number of laureates associated with a country (in 2021 boundaries) per 10 million inhabitants of the country.

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