Gene expression of antimicrobial peptides in rat intestine under conditions of chronic stress

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Severe stress causes an array of dysfunctions in the immune, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, digestive and other systems, resulting in an emergence of various types of pathology. Common manifestations of a chronic stress are the disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, such as irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, biliary dyskinesia, dysbiosis, inflammatory processes that determine the development of gastritis and one of the most widespread post-stress pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract — stomach ulcers. The disclosure of the molecular mechanisms of a pathogenesis of diseases associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction related to chronic stress as well as a search for new ways to correct these disorders are important tasks of fundamental and clinical medicine. The present work is focused on evaluating a participation of molecular factors of the innate immunity in intestine, such as antimicrobial peptides secreted by intestinal epithelial cells upon infection, in a response to the chronic stress.

AIM: The aim of the study was to estimate the gene expression of a number of antimicrobial peptides: intestinal α- and β-defensins of laboratory animals (rats) under chronic stress conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Modeling of a chronic stress was performed by daily forced swimming of laboratory animals in cold water. An expression of α- and β-defensin genes was evaluated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS: We found an increase in the level of expression of the rat α-defensin-5 and β-defensin-3 genes in response to chronic stress, while the expression of β-defensin-2 gene was not changed compared to the control.

CONCLUSIONS: Considering that changes in the concentration and spectrum of peptides with antibacterial activity, caused by prolonged stress, can contribute to modification of the composition of the intestinal microbiota, the data obtained can expand our understanding of the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of diseases associated with disorders in the composition of microbiota under stress.

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About the authors

Aleksei V. Berezhnoy

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Email: aleksey.berezhnoy@pharminnotech.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-0288-3643

PhD student

Russian Federation, 12 Academician Pavlov St., Saint Petersburg, 197022

Irina A. Yankelevich

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Email: irinkab@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9982-1006
SPIN-code: 9249-6844

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Research Associate

Russian Federation, 12 Academician Pavlov St., Saint Petersburg, 197022

Galina M. Aleshina

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Email: galina_aleshina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2886-7389
SPIN-code: 4479-0630

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Assistant Professor, Head of a Laboratory

Russian Federation, 12 Academician Pavlov St., Saint Petersburg, 197022

Olga V. Shamova

Institute of Experimental MedicineInstitute of Experimental Medicine

Author for correspondence.
Email: oshamova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5168-2801
SPIN-code: 2913-4726
Scopus Author ID: 6603643804
ResearcherId: F-6743-2013

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Corresponding Member of RAS, Head of a Department

Russian Federation, 12 Academician Pavlov St., Saint Petersburg, 197022

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2. Fig. 1. Thymus mass (a) and the percentage of neutrophils in blood (b) of laboratory rats of the experimental group (стресс) exposed to chronic stress and in intact animals (контроль). *D ifferences with the control group are significant, Mann– Whitney U-test (p < 0.05), n = 8

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