Vol 15, No 2 (2017)

The review focused on pharmacokinetics of the six major subclasses of flavonoids: their distribution, consumption and metabolism. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the bioavailability of these plant polyphenolic compounds, the differences of the effects obtained in experiments in vitro and in vivo. Discusses the dependence of the efficiency of flavonoids by the characteristics of the processes of metabolism in humans. Emphasizes the role of the epithelium of small intestine and microbiota of the colon in ensuring biological activity of flavonoids.

Objective. In the course of the study, the effect of oxytocin on the behavior and level of monoamines of the brain in aggressive male isolates of the initially low-aggressive C57Bl/6 line with similar indices of highly aggressive white outbred mice was compared.

Methods. In experiments on isolated male mice of the low-aggressive C57Bl/6 line and highly aggressive white outbred mice, the effects of oxytocin on the aggressive behavior and the activity of monoaminergic systems of the left and right cerebral hemispheres was investigated. After prolonged social isolation, the male mice, who attacked in the resident-intruder test, were selected for further research. Oxytocin (5 IU/ml, 20μl) was admitrated intranasally. Control animals was treated with saline. With the HPLC-method, in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, olfactory tubercle and striatum of the left and right sides of the brain the concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and their metabolites of dioxyphenylacetic, homovaniline and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids were measured.

Results. Among the male isolates of the C57Bl/6 line, the proportion of aggressive individuals was 56.5%, and among white outbred mice 87.5%. The investigated lines also differed in the attack latency time: aggressive C57Bl/6 mice attacked an average on the 113.1±23.5 second, while in white outbred mice the attack followed on the 35.3±14.7 second (p < 0.01). In the aggressive male isolates of the C57Bl/6 line, which received intranasally saline solution, the content of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the hippocampus was significantly higher on the right. In C57Bl/6, oxytocin reduced the manifestation of aggression caused by prolonged social isolation (p < 0.05), but had no absolute ability to stop this type of behavior. Under its influence, the level of dopamine in the left cortex (p = 0.054), as well as serotonin content in the right hippocampus (p < 0.05) and in the left striatum (p < 0.05) decreased. In addition, the use of oxytocin in C57Bl/6 neutralized the asymmetry of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in the hippocampus. At the same time there was an asymmetry in the content of dopamine in the cerebral cortex with the predominance of this mediator in the right hemisphere (p< 0.05). In male isolates of highly aggressive white outbred mice, the effect of oxytocin on behavior was not found. However, in these animals oxytocin caused certain changes in monoaminergic systems of the brain. Under the action of oxytocin, the inicial right-sided asymmetry of the level of dopamine metabolites in the striatum and left-sided asymmetry in the level of serotonin in the cortex disappeared. Oxytocin caused an increase in the content of 5-hydroxyacetic acid in the right striatum (p < 0.05) and norepinephrine in the left hippocampus (p < 0.05). In addition, white outbred mice under the influence of oxytocin developed asymmetry with the predominance of norepinephrine in the right olfactory tubercle (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. It can be assumed that relatively weak changes in the state of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems against the background of high reactivity of the noradrenergic system are a feature of the reaction of the brain of highly aggressive animals to oxytocin. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the lateralization of neurotransmitter systems responsible for intraspecific aggression caused by prolonged social isolation.

The aim of this work was to study the stability of fullerene C60 upon irradiation by visible light in air flow. The fullerene film with thickness of 100 nm are studied. Analysis of the results was performed by HPLC and UV spectroscopy. It appeared that under experimental conditions the stability of the fullerene is low. When specific power of irradiation of the analyzed films W = 70 mW/cm2 for 300 hours and simultaneously pumping the air, the products of oxidation and polymerization of fullerenes are formed.

Relevance. In recent years, the popularity of phytotherapy, despite the great success in the development of chemical medicines, is increasing. Interest in the natural healing substances and preparations created on their basis has increased due to both the unique properties of phytopreparations and the rapidly developing technologies of research in biology, medicine and the production of medicines.

Methodology. The analysis and structuring of the content of literature sources containing information on herbal medicines was carried out.

Results. Herbal preparations (botanicals) have the following advantages: low toxicity at a sufficiently high efficiency; wide range of therapeutic effects; integrated organoprotective effect; harmonizing effect on all organs and systems of the body; minimal side effects; the relative cheapness compared with synthetic drugs; the possibility of cooking in the home. Herbal medicine has been applied as a primary and secondary prevention of various diseases, recovery and rehabilitation of the general population under the impact of negative environmental factors as a means of improving the health of adaptive reserves of the organism, in sports medicine.

The analysis of case histories and ambulatory cards of women from different districts of the Republic of Dagestan. Women experienced psychological trauma in puberty metabolic disorders are manifested by increased glucose level and decrease high density lipoproteins. Violation of reproductive function in women who have experienced psychological trauma high risk of terrorist threat, due to the increase in the concentration of cortisol, prolactin and a decrease in luteinizing hormone and estradiol. Revealed that women exposed to mental trauma associated with a high risk of a terrorist threat in the pubertal period compared to women from areas powerassist attack, developed stressinducing immunity disorders manifested in the reduction of amount of b-cell populations system immune system Supplement available, increased levels of IFN-g and TNF-α and decrease in IL-4 and IL-6. It is proved that the key mechanisms of pathology of the reproductive system are dysregulation of the immune and endocrine systems.