Transgenic plants — a threat to local flora?
- Авторы: Cheryatova Y.S.1, Yembaturova E.Y.1
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Учреждения:
- Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
- Выпуск: Том 20 (2022): Спецвыпуск
- Страницы: 54-55
- Раздел: «ГМО: ИСТОРИЯ, ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ, СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РИСКИ»
- Статья получена: 04.11.2022
- Статья одобрена: 07.11.2022
- Статья опубликована: 08.12.2022
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/112372
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen112372
- ID: 112372
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Аннотация
The paper covers major threats associated with wide-range introduction and cultivation of transgenic plants due to germplasm mixing with that of indigenous species of natural plant communities and risks of transgenic plants’ adverse impact on the environment. Among them are: influencing non-target species, invasive power, possibility of GMP’s escaping into the environment by horizontal gene transfer as well as harmful effect on the soil biota.
Currently, herbicide- and pest-resistant genetically modified plants (GMP) became an integral part of contemporary agrotechnologies in many economies [1]. However, most countries lack national strategy providing science-based substantiated procedure of creating, distribution and safe production of GMP. Rapid development of agricultural biotechnology and GMP production offered many economical benefits but also caused concern due to their potential environmental impact. To date, truly negative effects of GMP production, revealed in the course of growing, are known: harmful effect of entomocide Cry-proteins (Bt endotoxins) on non-target biota, target phytophage resistance to insecticidal plants, phytophage species succession to replace the species eliminated in the agrocoenosis. Vertical transfer of GMP transgenes (repollination between transgenic plants and wild species or isogenic varieties), as well as slow decomposition of transgenic plants’ remains — all these factors can have remote environmental consequences [2, 3]. Wind-dispersed pollen of insecticidal GMP contaminates soil and open water reservoirs by toxins, thus posing potential hazards for aquatic organisms and geobionts (including rhizospheric organisms).
Thus, uncontrolled GMP production and introduction, creates a real threat of losing biodiversity and genetic diversity of indigenous plants due to “biological contamination”. Therefore, GMP cultivation and monitoring in the fields is of exceptional importance and must be regulated by a science-based national strategy. This strategy would allow to exclude agroecological and environmental genetic risks, to keep the genetic diversity of natural plant communities.
Ключевые слова
Полный текст
The paper covers major threats associated with wide-range introduction and cultivation of transgenic plants due to germplasm mixing with that of indigenous species of natural plant communities and risks of transgenic plants’ adverse impact on the environment. Among them are: influencing non-target species, invasive power, possibility of GMP’s escaping into the environment by horizontal gene transfer as well as harmful effect on the soil biota.
Currently, herbicide- and pest-resistant genetically modified plants (GMP) became an integral part of contemporary agrotechnologies in many economies [1]. However, most countries lack national strategy providing science-based substantiated procedure of creating, distribution and safe production of GMP. Rapid development of agricultural biotechnology and GMP production offered many economical benefits but also caused concern due to their potential environmental impact. To date, truly negative effects of GMP production, revealed in the course of growing, are known: harmful effect of entomocide Cry-proteins (Bt endotoxins) on non-target biota, target phytophage resistance to insecticidal plants, phytophage species succession to replace the species eliminated in the agrocoenosis. Vertical transfer of GMP transgenes (repollination between transgenic plants and wild species or isogenic varieties), as well as slow decomposition of transgenic plants’ remains — all these factors can have remote environmental consequences [2, 3]. Wind-dispersed pollen of insecticidal GMP contaminates soil and open water reservoirs by toxins, thus posing potential hazards for aquatic organisms and geobionts (including rhizospheric organisms).
Thus, uncontrolled GMP production and introduction, creates a real threat of losing biodiversity and genetic diversity of indigenous plants due to “biological contamination”. Therefore, GMP cultivation and monitoring in the fields is of exceptional importance and must be regulated by a science-based national strategy. This strategy would allow to exclude agroecological and environmental genetic risks, to keep the genetic diversity of natural plant communities.
Об авторах
Yulya Cheryatova
Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: u.cheryatova@rgau-msha.ru
SPIN-код: 8035-7086
PhD, Associate Professor of Department of Botany, Breeding and Seed Technology of Horticultural crops
Россия, MoscowElena Yembaturova
Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Email: e.embaturova@rgau-msha.ru
SPIN-код: 6390-3500
PhD, Associate Professor of Department of Botany, Breeding and Seed Technology of Horticultural crops
Россия, MoscowСписок литературы
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- Kamthan A, Chaudhuri A, Kamthan M, Datta A. Genetically modified (GM) crops: milestones and new advances in crop improvement. Theor Appl Genet. 2016;129(9):1639–1655. doi: 10.1007/s00122-016-2747-6
- Kawahigashi H. Transgenic plants for phytoremediation of herbicides. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2009;20(2):225–230. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.01.010