Immunohistochemical alterations in placenta at gestosis

Abstract

Objectives: The goal of the present work was to analyze the role of immune complexes and NO-synthase activity of placenta in pathogenesis of gestosis.

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Methods: 43 woman whose pregnancies were complicated with gestosis (main group) and 22 women with physiological pregnancy (control group) were observed. The main group include 28 pregnant women with nephropathy of I stage and 15 - with nephropathy of II-III stages. Composition and localization of fixed immune complexes were detected in placenta by immunofluorescent methods using monoclonal antisera to A, M, G immunoglobulins and C3 complement fraction. NADPH-diaphorase (NO - synthase) activity of sincitiotrophoblast were detected by histochemical method. Also excretion of nitrites, nitrates and products of protein proteolysis of pregnant women in urine were analyzed.

Results. Immune complexes with A, G and predominantly M immunoglobulin classes were found in placentae from the main group. NADPH-diaphorase activity of impaired zones of sincitiotrophoblast and vessel endothelium was decreased. The expression of immunohistochemical alterations were correlated with degree of gestosis and urine excretion of nitrites and oligopeptides.

Conclusions: The results obtained have been demonstrated the key role of pathological immune complexes and NO-generated systems in formation of placental deficiency in pregnancy complicated by gestosis.